What are the principles of hazard control?

1. The principle of eliminating potential hazards. Safety devices are installed using scientific methods to eliminate dangerous and harmful factors in the environment surrounding people, thereby ensuring the highest possible level of safety. Even if a person performs operations in violation of safety rules due to unsafe behavior, or if a component of the machine malfunctions, injury or death accidents can be completely prevented thanks to the function of safety devices. For example, devices that ensure safety under specific production conditions are developed, also known as automatic fault protection or failure protection mechanisms, in order to increase the reliability of the system. 2. The principle of reducing the values of potential risk factors. This principle ensures an improvement in safety levels, but it cannot achieve maximum protection against risk factors. In essence, only a compromise solution can be found for this principle. For example, in a human-material (environment) system, it is not as easy to install failure protection devices as in a human-machine system. In situations such as outdoor work or when harmful gases are present in the environment, it is necessary to take actions aimed at protecting humans, such as reducing the amount of dust and toxins inhaled or enhancing individual protective measures. This is called the second-level fail-safe device. 3. Distance protection principle. The effect of dangerous and harmful factors in production diminishes according to a certain distance-related pattern. This property of many factors can be utilized very effectively. For example, the principle of distance protection can be applied to reduce the hazards of ionizing radiation such as radioactivity, as well as noise. By using automation and remote control, operators can be kept away from the work site, thereby effectively implementing the principle of distance protection. 4. Time protection principle. This principle is to reduce the time that people spend in an environment exposed to dangerous and harmful factors to a safe level. 5. Shielding principle. This principle involves setting up barriers within the range of action of dangerous and harmful factors in order to protect people. Obstacles are classified into mechanical, photoelectric, absorptive (such as lead plates absorbing radiation), etc. 6. Principle of robustness. This principle is related to enhancing structural strength for safety purposes, and is commonly referred to as the strength safety factor. For example, the strength of steel cables used in lifting and transportation, as well as explosion-proof motor housings. 8. Principle of weak links. Contrary to the above principle, weak components are utilized, which fail in advance before the risk factors reach dangerous levels, such as fuses and safety valves. 9. The principle of non-approach. This principle is to prevent people from coming into areas affected by dangerous and harmful factors, or to eliminate the presence of such factors in the areas where people operate. Such as safety fences, etc. 9. Lockout principle. This principle ensures that certain components interact with each other in a specific way to guarantee safe operation. For example, the automatic shutdown of explosion-proof electrical equipment, or the inability to turn it on unless the safety door is closed. 10. Principles for replacing operators. When it is not possible to eliminate hazards and unsafe factors, robots or automatic controllers can be used to replace humans. 11. Principle of warning and prohibition information. Focusing on humans in the main systems and their components, information flow is utilized to ensure safe production by applying organizational and technical information such as light and sound signals, as well as signs like signals of different colors; by using safety instruments; and by training workers.

1) Principle of closed-loop control: Proactive control of hazard points must start at the source; for behavioral hazards, it should begin with safety education and training,... (2) Principle of dynamic control: Due to the complexity and variability of hazard points, old hazards are eliminated while new ones continuously arise,... (3) Principle of multi-level hierarchical control