How is a cooling tower selected?

How to select a cooling tower: Guidelines for choosing a cooling tower: 1. Please specify the exact model of the cooling tower to be used, or the flow rate it can handle per hour. 2. Inlet temperature of the cooling tower and outlet water temperature. 3. Please specify which equipment needs to be cooled, whether there is a circulating water tank on site, and what the installation conditions are. 4. If spare parts and other accessories are required, please specify any other requirements. 5. For use under special conditions, please specify the operating environment and specific circumstances so that an appropriate cooling tower model can be selected. 6. In case of special circumstances or when ordering a specific model, please indicate this so that a dedicated design can be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the contract and technical agreement between the two parties. Detailed selection of cooling towers: 1. First, it is necessary to determine the inlet water temperature of the cooling tower, in order to decide whether to use a standard-type cooling tower, a medium-temperature type cooling tower, or a high-temperature type cooling tower. 2. Depending on the equipment to be used or the noise requirements dictated by the site conditions, an cross-flow cooling tower or a counter-flow cooling tower can be chosen. 3. The flow rate of the cooling tower should be selected based on the cooling water volume of the chiller or refrigeration unit; generally, this flow rate should be greater than the cooling water volume of the refrigeration unit. (Generally, 1.2–1.25 times is used.) 4. When multiple units are connected in parallel, it is advisable to choose cooling towers of the same model. Secondly, when selecting a cooling tower, the following points should be taken into account: 1. The structural materials of the cooling tower’s tower body must be stable, durable, corrosion-resistant, and ensure precise assembly. 2. Even water distribution, less wall flow, and a properly selected spraying device that makes clogging less likely. 3. The type of cooling tower wetting filler meets the requirements regarding water quality and water temperature. 4. The fan is properly matched, ensuring long-term normal operation without vibration or abnormal noise; moreover, its blades have good resistance to water erosion and sufficient strength. The installation angle of the fan blades can be adjusted, but it is necessary to ensure that the angles are consistent, and the current drawn by the motor should not exceed its rated current. 5. Low power consumption and low cost; small and medium-sized steel-frame glass cooling towers also require light weight. 6. Cooling towers should be avoided from being located near heat sources, areas where exhaust gases and smoke are generated, sites where chemicals are stored, and coal piles. 7. The distance between cooling towers or between a tower and other buildings should take into account not only the ventilation requirements of the towers and the mutual influence between the towers and buildings, but also the safety distances required for fire and explosion prevention in the buildings, as well as the construction and maintenance requirements of the cooling towers. 8. The direction of the water inlet pipe of the cooling tower can be rotated by 90°, 180°, or 270°. 9. The material used for the cooling tower should be able to withstand temperatures as low as -50°C; however, in areas where the average temperature during the coldest month is below -10°C, this should be specified when placing an order so that measures can be taken to prevent freezing. The cost of cooling towers increases by about 3%. 10. The turbidity of the circulating water should not exceed 50 mg/l; temporarily, it may not exceed 100 mg/l. It should be free from oil and mechanical impurities, and algaecide treatment and water quality stabilization measures should be taken if necessary. 11. The water distribution system is designed for the nominal water volume; if the actual water volume differs from the nominal value by more than ±15%, this should be specified at the time of ordering so that the design can be modified. 12. During storage and transportation, cooling tower components must not have heavy objects placed on them, must not be exposed to direct sunlight, and fire prevention measures must be observed. During the installation, transportation, and maintenance of cooling towers, open flames such as those from electric or gas welding must not be used, and fireworks must not be set off in the vicinity. 13. For circular tower multi-tower designs, the clear distance between towers should be maintained at not less than 0.5 times the diameter of the tower. Cross-flow towers and counter-current square towers can be arranged side by side. 14. The selected water pump should be matched with the cooling tower to meet process requirements such as flow rate and head. 15. When selecting multiple cooling towers, try to use the same model whenever possible. Furthermore, three indicators are commonly used to measure the efficiency of a cooling tower: (1) the difference Δt between the inlet water temperature t1 and the outlet water temperature t2 of the cooling tower. Δt is known as the temperature difference of the cooling water; generally, the greater the temperature difference, the better the cooling effect. For production, the larger Δt is, the less cooling water flow is required for the production equipment. However, when the inlet water temperature t1 is very high, even if the temperature difference Δt is large, the temperature of the cooled water may not drop to the required level; therefore, although such an indicator is necessary, it does not provide a complete picture of the situation. (2) The degree of closeness Δt’ between the water temperature t2 after cooling and the wet-bulb air temperature ξ. Δt’=t2-ξ(℃) Δt’ is known as the cooling amplitude. The smaller the Δt’ value, the better the cooling effect. In fact, Δt’ cannot be equal to zero. (3) Consider the wetting density in the calculation of cooling towers. Water spray density refers to the amount of water that can be cooled per hour per 1 m2 of effective area. It is denoted by the symbol q. q=Q/Fm3/m2.h (Q – cooling tower flow rate, m3/h ； F-Effective wetting area of the cooling tower, m2).

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