Thread Content
The so-called \"fire prevention in production processes\" refers to a fire prevention technique that involves identifying the fire hazards present in the operation units, process units, and material processing units resulting from the specific production processes of various products, as well as the associated equipment and devices, and then formulating corresponding fire prevention measures to eliminate and prevent fires. Fire prevention in production processes is inseparable from production technology; it runs through the entire production process and evolves alongside the advancement of science and technology as well as production techniques. The practical significance of fire prevention in production processes: In industrial enterprises, the level of fire risk depends mainly on the fire hazards present in the production processes. For the production of a particular product, the raw materials used, the temperature and pressure required, as well as the equipment and additives employed, are all specific. For example, phosphorus trichloride can only be produced using chlorine and yellow phosphorus as raw materials; ammonia can only be synthesized from hydrogen and nitrogen; and cotton yarn can only be spun from cotton. Here, the raw materials such as yellow phosphorus, chlorine, hydrogen, and cotton are all flammable and hazardous substances; thus, the fire risk during the production of products like phosphorus trichloride, ammonia, and cotton yarn is determined by these factors. For example, the synthesis of ammonia can be carried out using high-pressure, medium-pressure, and low-pressure methods, and it can only be synthesized under certain temperatures and pressures ； High-pressure polyethylene can be polymerized only under conditions of 1,000 to 3,000 atmospheres of pressure and temperatures ranging from 50 to 300°C. Therefore, the equipment selected must be capable of withstanding high temperatures and pressures. At the same time, due to the presence of high temperature and pressure, the auto-ignition points of nitrogen-hydrogen mixtures and ethylene decrease, and their explosion limits widen, thereby increasing the fire hazard. In other words, the fire hazard of industrial enterprises depends on the properties of raw materials, semi-finished products, and finished products, as well as the production process conditions. Therefore, the fire prevention measures to be adopted by a factory must be determined based on its own production processes. By focusing on the production process in fire prevention efforts, one gains control over fire safety. In short, \"fire prevention in production processes\" is of great importance, as illustrated below: First, fire safety assessments in building design require an understanding of the production processes. The fire risk category of industrial buildings is determined by the production processes; without knowledge of these processes, it is difficult to assess the fire hazard associated with a factory, workshop, or production unit, and it is thus impossible to provide appropriate fire safety recommendations based on the fire risk category. II. Investigating the cause of a fire requires an understanding of the production process. If fire investigators do not have knowledge of the production process, it is difficult to determine the cause of the fire, and most fires in industrial enterprises occur in the production areas. III. Fire safety inspections in factories require an understanding of the production processes. Without knowledge of the specific characteristics of a factory’s production processes, it is difficult to accurately identify potential fire hazards during fire safety inspections and to propose appropriate corrective measures. IV. Electrical fire prevention personnel need to be familiar with the production process. The selection of explosion-proof electrical equipment, the determination of areas and zones at risk of ignition, as well as the establishment of anti-static and lightning protection measures, all require a thorough understanding of the production process. V. Fire prevention supervision of hazardous materials requires an understanding of the production process; only by having such knowledge can fire prevention supervisors properly oversee the fire prevention aspects of hazardous material production ； Understanding the production process of hazardous materials is highly beneficial for fire safety supervision in their storage, transportation, and handling. The main contents of fire prevention research in production processes: Each industrial product has its specific production process, and some products can be manufactured using multiple processes; it is difficult to master all of these various production processes. Therefore, in practice, people categorize production processes into the following three types: one is those with common physical transformation characteristics, and the other is those with common chemical reaction characteristics. Thirdly, all operations that involve changing the shape, size, properties, or surface condition of raw materials, blanks, or semi-finished products to meet specified requirements are collectively referred to as processing. Thus, together with the equipment and accessories used in various production processes as well as the maintenance of such equipment, these elements constitute the main subjects of research on fire prevention in production processes, namely fire prevention in chemical unit operations, fire prevention in chemical unit processes, fire prevention during processing, fire prevention for equipment, fire safety accessories, fire prevention for production process installations, and fire prevention during equipment maintenance. Strengthening scientific research and institutional development for fire prevention in production processes: First, it is necessary to enhance scientific research and training related to fire prevention in production processes. All regions should conduct research on this topic, understand the characteristics of production processes in their areas, and propose improvements for fire prevention based on those findings. Safety engineering programs in various institutions should offer a course on \"Fire Prevention in Production Processes,\" which should be taught as a core course. Companies should provide technical training on fire prevention in production processes for firefighters, building inspection officers, and hazardous materials managers. II. Strengthening the institutional framework for fire prevention in production processes. Fire supervision is a statutory responsibility of public security agencies, but there are no legal provisions regarding how to carry out fire prevention supervision in relation to production processes. Therefore, it is recommended that the relevant departments develop fire safety regulations including production processes as soon as possible ； When conducting fire safety reviews for building designs, production processes should also be taken into account ； When assessing personnel in charge of fire prevention, building inspections, fire investigations, and hazardous materials management, \"fire prevention in production processes\" should be included.