Seeking help: Electron beam melting of titanium, zirconium and their alloys (Ukraine) Barton | Translators: Fan Shengwen // Wang Dianru // Zhang Haifeng

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Electron Beam Melting of Titanium, Zirconium and Their Alloys – Abstract: This book, \"Electron Beam Melting of Titanium, Zirconium and Their Alloys\", written by Barton and others, focuses on the technical aspects of producing titanium, zirconium, and their alloy products using electron beam melting. It provides a detailed analysis of the behavior and mechanisms of impurities, non-metallic inclusions, and alloying elements during the electron beam melting of titanium and zirconium. Various suggestions are given for optimizing the process parameters used in melting highly reactive metals, offering high-quality technical and economic guidelines for the metallurgical process. The book describes the quality characteristics during the metal casting and forging stages, including the chemical composition of the metal, its microscopic and macroscopic structures, as well as the chemical properties of the metal ； Process flow diagrams for melting and finishing on the ingot surface are provided, and the specific functions of the developed electron beam equipment are described. This book can serve as a reference for scientists, engineers, technicians, as well as students at institutions of higher education. Contents Translator’s Preface Address to Chinese Readers Preface to the Original Book Chapter 1 Physical Metallurgy and Technical Characteristics of Electron Beam Melting of Highly Reactive Metals 1.1 Properties and Application Areas of Highly Reactive Metals 1.2 Production Techniques for Ingots of Highly Reactive Metals 1.3 Electron Beam Melting Techniques and Equipment 1.4 Physicochemical Purification Reactions at the Molten Metal Surface in Vacuum 1.5 Mass Transfer in Molten Metal and Gas Phase Chapter 2 Refining Processes for Electron Beam Melting of Highly Reactive Metals 2.1 Kinetic Equations for Dehydrogenation in Molten Metal 2.2 Mathematical Modeling of Dehydrogenation during Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting 2.3 Determination of Kinetic Constants for Dehydrogenation from Titanium Metal during Electron Beam Melting 2.4 Kinetic Principles for the Removal of Non-Metallic Impurities in Titanium during EBM 2.5 Removal of Non-Metallic Impurities in Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting 2.6 Influence of Initial Raw Material Composition on the Quality of Titanium Ingots Obtained by Electron Beam Melting Chapter 3 Evaporation of Elements During Vacuum Smelting of Titanium Alloys 3.1 Kinetic Principles of Mass Transfer in Actual Molten–Vapor Systems 3.2 Evaporation of Alloying Elements during Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting 3.3 Determination of Kinetic Constants for Evaporation of Aluminum from Titanium Metal during Electron Beam Melting 3.4 Temperature Conditions at the Molten Metal Surface during Electron Beam Melting of Titanium Alloys in Cold Beds and Crystallizers 3.5 Parameter Optimization for Electron Beam Melting of Titanium Alloys Chapter 4 Solidification of Metals during Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting 4.1 Characteristics of Metal Solidification during Electron Beam Melting 4.2 Mathematical Model of Thermal Processes in Ingots 4.3 Mechanism of Metal Solidification during Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting 4.4 Determination of Shrinkage Depth in Ingots Produced by Electron Beam Cold Bed Melting Chapter 5 Electron Beam Melting of Titanium and Titanium-Based Alloys 5.1 Melting Techniques for Round and Flat Ingots 5.2 Melting of Titanium-Based Alloy Ingots 5.3 Semi-Finished Processing of Titanium Ingots Produced by Electron Beam Melting 5.4 Melting Techniques for Hollow Ingots Chapter 6 Electron Beam Melting of Zirconium 6.1 Equipment and Raw Materials 6.2 Efficiency of Refining Zirconium during Electron Beam Melting 6.3 Quality of Zirconium Ingots Produced by Electron Beam Melting 6.4 Production Process for Hollow Ingots of Zirconium-Based Alloys Chapter 7 Electron Beam Finishing of Ingot Surfaces 7.1 Electron Beam Finishing Techniques for Ingot Surfaces 7.2 Mathematical Modeling of Thermal Processes in Ingots During Electron Beam Finishing 7.3 Mathematical Modeling of Evaporation of Alloying Elements during Electron Beam Finishing of Titanium Alloy Ingot Surfaces 7.4 Quality of Electron Beam Finishing on Titanium Ingot Surfaces 7.5 Electron Beam Finishing of Zirconium Ingot Surfaces Chapter 8 Electron Beam Melting Equipment 8.1 Electron Gun 8.2 Design and Systems for Electron Beam Equipment 8.3 Industrial Electron Beam Melting Equipment Conclusion References Afterword Recycling Resource Technologies and Equipment