Air distribution methods for acidic gas combustion furnaces and how to determine whether the air distribution is too high or too low
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Learning about the air distribution methods for acidic gas combustion furnaces, as well as how to determine whether the air distribution is too excessive or too insufficient. Through my studies, I have summarized four key points regarding these air distribution methods: 1. Principles of air distribution； The air supply is controlled based on the complete combustion of hydrocarbons and ammonia, with one-third of hydrogen sulfide being converted into sulfur dioxide. In actual production, the air supply volume is regulated using a ratio of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide ranging from 2 to 8. If this sulfur ratio is greater than 2, it indicates that too little hydrogen sulfide has been converted into sulfur dioxide, so the air supply needs to be increased; conversely, if the ratio is lower, the air supply should be reduced. The air supply is also adjusted according to the temperature of the combustion furnace – if the temperature is below 1250 degrees Celsius, NH3 will not be completely decomposed, so the air supply needs to be increased to boost the flow of acidic gases in zone 2. To determine whether the air supply is too high or too low, I have summarized five principles: 1. In practical operations, the sulfur ratio is used as a criterion; if the ratio is greater than 2, the air supply is too low and needs to be increased, while if it’s lower, the air supply should be reduced. 2. The air supply is adjusted according to the furnace temperature range of 1100–1350 degrees Celsius – if the temperature rises, the air supply is too high and needs to be reduced; if it falls, the air supply needs to be increased. 3. A decrease in catalyst activity due to excessive oxygen leakage leads to reduced sulfate formation, so the air supply needs to be reduced. 4. An increase in the temperature of the reactor bed indicates that the air supply is too high, and it needs to be reduced. 5. Hydrogenation requires a large amount of hydrogen, so if the air supply is too high, it needs to be reduced. 6. Operators can use the color of the flame as an indicator for making judgments on-site: an orange color indicates an appropriate air supply, a bright white color suggests too much air supply, while a dark red color indicates too little air supply. 7. High levels of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gases require a reduction in the air supply. The most straightforward indicators for determining the appropriate air supply level are the sulfur ratio, changes in flame color, furnace temperature, and reactor temperature. When the air supply is too high, the temperature in the reaction bed rises. When the sulfur ratio is not reliable, this parameter becomes crucial for making operational adjustments. Additionally, the hydrogen content in the system and the amount of hydrogen added also play a role – if the air supply is too high, the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gases increases, requiring more hydrogen, which in turn means the air supply needs to be reduced
First, check the analysis data from the hydrogen sulfide and sulfur dioxide online monitors; second, examine the flow rate curves of acidic gases and air; third, look at the sulfur dioxide content in the flue gas; fourth, check the temperature rise in the hydrogenation reactor.
Ratio, exhaust hydrogen content, quench water pH value, incinerator temperature, hydrogenation reactor bed temperature, and so on
Mainly ratio online instruments, sulfur production furnace temperature rise, hydrogenation reactor temperature rise
Parameters such as the temperature of the sulfur production furnace, the ratio of hydrogen sulfide to sulfur dioxide, the hydrogen content in the exhaust gases, the pH value of the quench water, the temperature of the incinerator, and the temperature of the catalyst bed in the hydrogenation reactor. Excessive air supply can lead to sulfur dioxide penetrating the catalyst bed, catalyst poisoning, and blockages in the quench water system of the exhaust gas treatment system. If too little air is supplied during the initial startup phase, sulfur and carbon deposits will form on the catalyst bed; during normal operation, insufficient air supply can cause corrosion to the equipment and affect the efficiency of the exhaust gas treatment system in ensuring compliance with emission standards
The simplest and most reliable method is to monitor the temperature rise of the reactor; after all, testing methods aren’t very reliable
It mainly depends on the temperature of the incinerator and the temperature of the bed in the hydrogenation reactor