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Abstract: In accordance with **relevant regulations**, local work safety authorities require production and business units to conduct regular tests for occupational disease hazards in their workplaces. During law enforcement inspections, it has been found that company managers often confuse tests for occupational disease hazards with those for environmental factors; they complain that these are redundant tests that increase the burden on businesses, which leads to resistance when cooperating with such inspections. In order to help enterprises dispel misunderstandings and raise their awareness of the testing of occupational disease hazards, the author has reviewed relevant materials and believes that there is a clear distinction between the two, which is manifested in the following three aspects: (EHS.CN) 1. The purposes of the testing are different. The sampling points for detecting occupational disease hazards are located in the workplaces of employers; through testing and corrective measures, the working environment for workers is brought in line with **occupational health standards and requirements, so as to prevent, control, and eliminate occupational hazards, prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases, and effectively safeguard the occupational health rights and interests of workers. Environmental impact assessments focus on the natural environment, with the aim of preventing pollution and other environmental hazards, thereby protecting the public’s health rights. II. The items tested are different. Occupational disease hazards can be divided into three categories: the first is chemical factors, including industrial dusts and chemically toxic and harmful substances; the second is physical factors, such as high temperatures, high humidity, low temperatures, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, radiation, etc.; the third is biological factors. In 2015, the relevant authorities issued the \"Classification Catalogue of Occupational Disease Hazard Factors\", and the items listed in this catalogue are those that are subject to regular testing for occupational disease hazards. Environmental impact factors fall into four categories: First is air pollution, with the main pollutants in the air being sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, acid rain, fluorides, lead and its compounds. Second is surface water pollution, whose main pollutants include ammonia nitrogen, petroleum products, permanganate index, biochemical oxygen demand, volatile phenols, mercury, and cyanides. Third is noise. Fourth is soil pollution, with soil contaminants falling into the following 4 categories: ① Chemical pollutants. Including inorganic pollutants, organic pollutants, and products, etc. ②Physical pollutants. It refers to solid waste from factories and mines, such as tailings, waste rock, fly ash, and industrial waste. ③Biological contaminants. It refers to urban waste contaminated with various pathogens, as well as wastewater and waste discharged from sanitary facilities (including hospitals), along with manure, etc. ④Radioactive pollutants. III. The bases for testing are different. Regular testing for occupational hazard factors falls under the jurisdiction of the work safety supervision authorities, and is carried out in accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases, relevant departmental regulations, as well as various norms and standards related to occupational health. The testing of environmental impact factors falls under the jurisdiction of environmental protection authorities, and is carried out in accordance with laws such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China, as well as various regulations, rules, and standards related to environmental protection. Only by recognizing these three differences can production and business units reevaluate their work environments, assume full responsibility for preventing occupational diseases, enhance the protection of workers, voluntarily submit to supervision by safety authorities, and carry out proper testing for occupational hazard factors in accordance with laws and regulations.