Yield strength Tensile strength
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Could you explain to me in simple terms what yield strength and tensile strength are? How should I understand them? Do they depend on thickness?
1. Yield strength is the minimum stress value at which a material begins to undergo significant plastic deformation. It is the yield limit of metal materials at the point of yield, that is, the stress required to resist slight plastic deformation. 2. Tensile strength represents the resistance of a material to maximum uniform plastic deformation. Before reaching the maximum tensile stress, the deformation of the tensile specimen is uniform; however, once this stress is exceeded, the metal begins to experience necking, that is, localized deformation occurs ； For brittle materials that exhibit no (or only minimal) uniform plastic deformation, it reflects the material’s resistance to fracture
Yield strength is the limit at which a metal material begins to yield, that is, the stress required to resist slight plastic deformation. For metal materials that do not exhibit a distinct yield point, the stress value at which 0.2% residual deformation occurs is defined as their yield limit; this is referred to as the conditional yield limit or yield strength. External forces exceeding this limit will cause the part to fail permanently, with no possibility of recovery. For example, if the yield limit of low-carbon steel is 207 MPa, then under a force greater than this limit, the part will undergo permanent deformation; whereas if the force is less than this limit, the part will return to its original shape. Q345, Q235B refer to the yield strength of steel plates. Tensile strength represents the resistance of a material to maximum uniform plastic deformation; before reaching the maximum tensile stress, the deformation in a tensile specimen is uniform, but once that stress is exceeded, the metal begins to neck, resulting in localized deformation ； For brittle materials that exhibit no (or very little) uniform plastic deformation, it reflects the material’s resistance to fracture. The symbol is Rm (the old national standard GB/T 228-1987 used the symbol σb for tensile strength), and the unit is MPa. [