Quality Zone [Weekly Topics] Time: August 23 – August 29

1.A 2.ABCD 3.BD

Reply 1# llyy0327 1 A 2 ACD 3 BD 4 Quality control should adhere to the concept of comprehensive, whole-process quality management, and apply dynamic control principles to carry out pre-control, in-process control, and post-control of quality. 　　⒈ Pre-construction quality control refers to the proactive quality control measures taken before actual construction begins. It involves formulating a construction quality plan to define quality objectives, developing construction plans, identifying key quality control points, assigning quality responsibilities, analyzing various factors that could cause deviations from these quality objectives, and establishing effective preventive measures to address such factors and avoid problems before they occur. 　　⒉ In-process quality control refers to the comprehensive dynamic control of various factors that affect construction quality during the process of quality formation. In-process control first involves behavioral constraints on quality activities, and secondly, it involves supervision and control of the processes and outcomes of those quality activities. The key to in-process control is adhering to quality standards, while the focus of control lies in process quality, work quality, and the management of quality control points. 　　⒊ Post-control quality inspection, also known as quality verification after production, is aimed at preventing defective processes or final products (including individual projects or entire engineering projects) from progressing to the next stage or reaching the market. Post-control includes the evaluation and assessment of the results of quality activities, as well as the correction of quality deviations. The focus of control is to identify defects in construction quality, and by conducting analysis to propose measures for improving that quality, to keep it under control. 　　These three main components are not isolated or completely separate from one another; together, they form an organic systemic process. Essentially, this is a concrete manifestation of the PDCA cycle in quality management. Through each iterative cycle, continuous improvement is achieved in both quality management and quality control.

1.A2.ACD3.ABCD4. I. The Importance of Quality Control During the Construction Process of Engineering Projects The construction of engineering projects involves many aspects and is an extremely complex process. There are numerous factors that affect quality, such as design, materials, machinery, terrain, geology, hydrology, meteorology, construction techniques, operating methods, technical measures, and management systems – all of which have a direct impact on the quality of the project’s construction； Moreover, construction projects have fixed locations and large work areas; the sites of different projects vary from one another. Unlike industrial production, which features fixed assembly lines, standardized production processes and testing techniques, complete sets of production equipment, and stable production conditions, construction projects are subject to many factors that can affect their quality, making it easy for quality issues to arise. Minor differences in the materials used, slight variations in operation, minor fluctuations in the environment, as well as normal wear and tear of mechanical equipment, can all lead to quality variations and cause quality issues. After a construction project is completed, if quality issues are discovered, it is not possible to disassemble or take apart the project in order to replace components, just as is the case with some industrial products; nor is it possible to offer replacements or refunds. Therefore, quality control during the construction process of such projects is extremely important. “For a project that lasts a century, quality is of paramount importance. ”If a construction company wishes to maintain its success over the long term, it must keep the quality of its construction work at a high level. It is necessary to employ a range of training, management, inspection, supervision, and corrective action methods and measures to control the five key factors that affect project quality: personnel, construction techniques, machinery and tools, materials, and the environment. II. Training and selection of skilled construction personnel – laying the foundation for quality control. The quality of a project is determined by the combined efforts of all the management and technical personnel, operators, and service staff involved in its construction; they are the key factors that influence the project quality. Therefore, to control construction quality, it is necessary to train and select construction workers carefully, and improve their skills. First, their quality awareness should be improved. From the perspective of total quality management, construction workers should adopt five key concepts ； The concept of quality first, the concept of prevention and control as a priority, the concept of serving customers, the concept of relying on data, and the concept of comprehensive benefits that take into account social benefits as well as corporate benefits (quality, cost, and schedule). Secondly, there is the technical competence of people. Management personnel and technical staff should possess strong capabilities in quality planning, goal management, construction organization and technical guidance, as well as quality inspection ； Production staff should possess excellent technical skills and a meticulous work attitude, as well as a sense of compliance with quality standards and operational procedures ； Service personnel should provide technical and daily life services; through their excellent work quality, they indirectly ensure the quality of the project. Improving human quality relies on quality education, on the organic combination of spiritual and material incentives, as well as on training and selection. III. Strictly control the quality of building materials, construction components, and equipment to lay a solid material foundation for project construction. The Building Law clearly states that “the materials, components, and equipment used in construction projects must meet the design requirements and product quality standards.” Therefore, it is necessary to control the “four key stages”, namely procurement, testing, transportation and insurance, and use. Currently, in an environment where the supply of goods operates under a buyer’s market, there are numerous sales methods available, such as kickback-based sales, sales with incentives, and home delivery services, all of which represent a great temptation for procurement staff. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure strict control over procurement. 1. Select high-quality personnel for procurement and quality control, and improve their ** competence and skill levels in quality assessment. Select those with certain professional knowledge, who are dedicated to their work and trustworthy to project managers, as procurement and quality control personnel. 2. Gather information and select the best delivery provider. It is necessary to obtain information on quality, price, and supply capacity; select suppliers who have relevant certifications and approvals, as well as sufficient technical expertise and financial resources. Choose products that come with certificates of conformity and enjoy a good reputation in the market. This approach helps to ensure material quality while also reducing costs. To address the issue of mixed product quality in the building materials market, quality control throughout the entire construction process must also be implemented for building materials, components, and equipment. All major materials used in construction projects must meet the design requirements, and they should come with warranty certificates that comply with relevant standards. For materials that enter the site, in addition to undergoing the necessary tests as required, those products that lack complete warranty information should be analyzed, tested, and evaluated. Those that do not meet the requirements must not be used, and their source must be traced. Strictly implement the system of witnessed sampling and submission for building material testing to ensure the authenticity of the test reports. IV. Promote technological progress and total quality management to improve the level of quality control. Construction quality control is closely related to technical factors. Technical factors, in addition to the technical competence of personnel, also include equipment, information, inspection, and testing technologies. **The Ministry of Construction’s “Technical Policy” states: “It is necessary to adopt a concept focused on building products; every stage must prioritize the improvement of the quality and functionality of the final building products, and through technological progress, achieve updates to both the products and the construction methods.” This sentence explains the relationship between new technologies, new processes, and quality. Technology is the primary productive force, reflecting the entire process of construction and production activities. The impact of technological progress is ultimately reflected in product quality. For the quality of projects, attention should be paid to the advancement and applicability of new technologies and new processes. Throughout the entire construction process, it is necessary to establish process flows, quality standards, and operating procedures that meet technical requirements, as well as a strict assessment system. Continuous improvements should be made to construction techniques and processes to ensure project quality. ““Management is also a form of productivity.” Management factors play a crucial role in quality control. Construction projects should establish a rigorous quality assurance system and quality responsibility system to clarify respective responsibilities. All aspects of the construction process must be strictly controlled, and comprehensive management must be implemented for each sub-project and individual task. In implementing full-process management, it is first necessary to determine the quality objectives and key areas for improvement based on the conditions of the construction team, the characteristics of the project, as well as common quality issues. Furthermore, a construction organization plan is prepared by integrating the quality objectives and the key tasks to be addressed, specific quality assurance plans and corrective measures are established, and the implementation contents, methods, and expected outcomes are defined. Strengthen quality inspections in the implementation of quality plans and corrective measures, and conduct quantitative analysis of the results to draw conclusions. “The “experiences” are summarized and transformed into “standards” and “systems” to ensure quality in the future, thus forming new quality assurance measures ； “ The “problems” should be regarded as preventive control objectives for future quality management. Quality control objectives refer to the desired outcomes of quality control, as well as the degree and level at which these outcomes should be achieved. Implementing goal management during quality control can motivate construction workers to take initiative and actively engage in quality control efforts, thereby facilitating the prompt resolution of critical issues. Target management for quality control should focus on three stages: goal setting, goal implementation, and goal achievement. The establishment of construction quality objectives should take into account the company’s quality goals and any unresolved issues in quality control, new construction products for which there is no relevant experience, as well as users’ opinions and special requirements. Among these, common quality problems associated with similar types of projects represent the most important quality control objectives ； Goal deployment refers to the decomposition and implementation of goals ； The key to implementing goals lies in assigning goal responsibilities and fulfilling those responsibilities. All specialties and processes should carry out comprehensive management centered on quality control, thereby ensuring project quality from various aspects. Thereby achieving the project quality control objectives.

Reply 1# llyy0327 1、A 2、ABCD 3、BD

Reply to 1# llyy0327: 1A2A, B, D3A, B, C, D. The 4 quality control points are the key aspects of construction quality control. Any construction elements that involve critical technologies, important sections, situations where control is difficult, have a significant impact, or for which there is a lack of experience, as well as new technologies, materials, processes, and equipment, can all be designated as quality control points and subjected to focused control.

1. A 2. ACD 3. ABCD 4. a. Focus on the quality of the foundation work; strictly control the density of the gravel foundation, and the backfill soil must be compacted in layers； b、Pay attention to the quality of foundation work, and strictly control the concealment of rebar and concrete pouring ； c. Focus on the quality of the main structural elements; strictly control the construction quality of concrete pouring. Pay close attention to raw materials, mix proportions, and construction methods. Conduct supervised sampling inspections and tests on the quality of key building materials, pre-mixed concrete, components, and equipment. Cracks and other defects must not occur in the structure at all ； d. Ensure that the house has no leaks, and implement comprehensive quality control over the construction of roof waterproofing and bathroom waterproofing systems ； e. Ensure the accuracy of room dimensions and elevations to prevent common problems such as delamination and cracking during plastering work; f. Guarantee the proper functioning of water, electricity, and ventilation systems.

Reply to 1# llyy0327: 1.D 2.ABCD 3.ABCD 4.Within the quality management system: the PDCA cycle, namely planning, implementation, inspection, and improvement.

1、A； 2. A C ； 3. B D ； 4. The key points are: a) Focus on the quality of the foundation work; strictly control the density of the gravel foundation, and the backfill soil must be compacted in layers ； b、Pay attention to the quality of foundation work, and strictly control the concealment of rebar and concrete pouring ； c. Focus on the quality of the structural design; strictly control the quality of concrete pouring. Pay close attention to raw materials, mix ratios, and construction methods. Conduct supervised sampling inspections and tests on the quality of key building materials, pre-mixed concrete, components, and equipment. Cracks and other defects must not occur in the structure at all ； d. Ensure that the house has no leaks, and implement comprehensive quality control over the construction of roof drainage systems and bathroom waterproofing works ； e. Ensure the accuracy of room dimensions and elevations to prevent common problems such as delamination and cracking during plastering work ； f. Ensuring the proper functioning of water, electricity, and ventilation systems.

Reply 1# llyy0327 1 D 2 ACD 3 BD

1, C, 2, ABCD 3, ABCD