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1. Ways water enters the oil (1) Moisture in the air condenses into water droplets due to temperature fluctuations, and these droplets fall into the oil through the oil tank cover. (2) Damage to the seal of the cooler or heat exchanger, or rupture of the cooling tubes, causes water to leak into the oil. (3) Moist air entering the system through gaps in the seal of the hydraulic cylinder piston rod condenses into water droplets. (4) The moisture carried in by the oil when in use, as well as the water absorbed due to the oil’s interaction with water when exposed to a humid environment. 2. Hazards of water contamination in oil (1) When a certain amount of water enters the oil, it causes the hydraulic oil to emulsify and turn milky white. If the hydraulic oil itself has poor emulsification resistance, water cannot separate from the oil even after it has been left at rest for some time, resulting in the oil remaining cloudy. This cloudy emulsified oil entering the hydraulic system not only causes rusting inside the components of the hydraulic valves, but also reduces their lubricating properties, leading to increased wear of the parts and a decrease in the efficiency of the system. (2) When iron-based metals in the hydraulic system rust, the resulting rust flakes flow through the hydraulic system’s pipes and components, spreading throughout the system and causing rusting everywhere, which in turn generates more rust flakes and oxides. (3) Water also reacts with certain additives in oil to produce pollutants such as precipitates and gums, accelerating the deterioration of the oil. (4) Sulfur and chlorine in water and oil react to produce sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, which exacerbates the abrasive wear of components, accelerates the oxidation and deterioration of the oil, and even leads to the formation of a large amount of sludge. (5) These water pollutants and oxidation products then act as catalysts for further oxidation, ultimately leading to blockages or sticking of hydraulic components, which in turn causes a series of problems such as malfunctioning of hydraulic valve systems, blockages in oil distribution pipes, reduced efficiency of coolers, and clogs in filters. (6) Additionally, at low temperatures, water freezes into tiny ice particles, which can also easily clog the gaps and dead ends of control components.