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1. Technical introduction: In gas desulfurization, a desulfurization liquid is often used as a washing fluid; through the contact between the gas and liquid phases, processes such as mass and heat transfer take place, thereby achieving desulfurization. To achieve the highest possible degree of purification, this is often accomplished by obtaining the largest possible contact area between the gas and liquid phases. Currently, increasing the contact area is mainly achieved through the following methods: 1. Forming a very thin liquid film from the washing solution to serve as the contact surface between the gas and liquid phases; for example, in packed towers, the surface area of the packing is increased as much as possible while still allowing for a tolerable pressure drop, thereby enlarging the contact area and prolonging the reaction time ； 2. With the liquid as the dispersed phase and the gas as the continuous phase, the washing liquid is atomized into fine particles to increase the specific surface area of the liquid phase, allowing it to be evenly distributed in the gas phase thereby achieving the purpose of washing and absorption, such as in atomized spray wash towers and jet wash towers ； 3. With the gas phase as the dispersed phase and the liquid phase as the continuous phase, that is, the gas passes through the liquid phase layer in the form of small bubbles to enable heat and mass transfer, such as in foam towers, tray towers, bubble columns, etc. To briefly summarize the absorption efficiency of these three methods: in the first method, both the gas and liquid phases are essentially continuous phases. In the second and third methods, one of the gas-liquid phases is a dispersed phase. Since a continuous phase provides a larger contact area compared to a dispersed phase, the heat and mass transfer efficiency per unit time is significantly higher in the case of a dispersed phase. However, since the dispersed phase is unstable, it becomes the continuous phase in a short period of time. Therefore, in terms of reaction time, the packed tower is significantly longer than other methods. Therefore, the overall mass transfer efficiency is better than that of other methods. 2. Principle of operation and structure of the counter-current pipe reaction technology. Patent number: 201621085277.X. Since the dispersed phase is more conducive to gas-liquid contact reactions during the washing process, it is possible to find a way to keep both the gas and liquid phases in a dispersed state and mixed uniformly with each other, thereby **improving the heat and mass transfer processes between gas and liquid. Our company has proposed the concept of impact reaction, which utilizes the impact generated by the relatively high-speed flow of gas and liquid to achieve thorough mixing between them, thereby yielding superior absorption and washing effects. The liquid creates a highly turbulent reaction zone at the top, where the gas-liquid phases surround each other (forming a state in which they are dispersed in one another), coming into contact with each other at high speeds due to turbulence. The surface area for such contact is very large, and as gas and liquid are continuously supplied, these contact surfaces are constantly renewed, resulting in continuous and efficient cleaning. After passing through the reaction zone, the gas-liquid mixture moves downward into the co-current region. In this region, the concurrent flow of the gas and liquid phases reduces the absorption efficiency, and there is a pronounced tendency for the liquid to accumulate near the tube walls. To improve the absorption efficiency, a mixer is added at the lower part of the reactor, allowing the gas and liquid phases to mix turbulently once again, thereby enhancing the reaction efficiency. 3. Advantages of the counterflow pipe reaction technology: 1. High purification efficiency – this technology enables rapid and thorough purification reactions, with a single-stage desulfurization efficiency of over 50% ； 2. Low energy consumption: The counter-current pipe reactor makes use of the kinetic energy of gas and liquid, allowing for a high desulfurization efficiency with less desulfurization fluid; this approach can further increase the sulfur capacity when used for desulfurization ； 3. The nozzle is not prone to clogging; the operation is stable and reliable. The system resistance remains relatively constant and does not change easily, and there is no issue of sulfur-induced blockages ； 4. Low investment; it can be used for high-sulfur desulfurization and replace one desulfurization tower ； Using this technology offers advantages such as simple operation, high efficiency, low consumption of circulating fluid, no blockages, and small floor space requirements. 5. It has a wide range of applications, and can be used in areas related to gas-liquid mass and heat transfer such as gas washing for cooling and dust removal, ammonia removal, humidification and saturation, H2S removal, and SO2 removal. Compared with traditional desulfurization units, desulfurization devices using this technology feature simple operation, high desulfurization efficiency, reduced consumption of desulfurization liquid, and no risk of sulfur blockage. Installing such a unit in series before the existing desulfurization tower can significantly reduce the load on the tower, lower the amount of desulfurization liquid required, and improve the accuracy of desulfurization. At present, our company has applied this technology in production, and the installed units have demonstrated excellent desulfurization efficiency, exceeding 70%.