“Daily Share 5.22” Knowledge about gasoline anti-knock agents

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Introduction to the mechanism of action of gasoline antiknock agents: We often add gasoline antiknock agents to gasoline in order to increase its octane rating and antiknock properties. So, how do these antiknock agents enhance a vehicle’s resistance to knocking? Next, the editor will explain its blast resistance mechanism to you; hopefully this will be helpful! 　　The mechanism of action of gasoline antiknock agents is similar to that of tetraethyl lead; it can decompose into active manganese oxide particles under combustion conditions, and it destroys the peroxides that are formed in automobile engines. This reduces the concentration of peroxides in the pre-ignition reactions, while also selectively interrupting some of the chain reactions, preventing spontaneous ignition and slowing down the rate at which energy is released, thereby enhancing the antiknock properties of gasoline. 　　If necessary, we can add certain additives to the gasoline anti-knock agent to prevent its decomposition and agglomeration, expel the metal oxides generated during combustion from the engine, promote complete combustion of gasoline, reduce emissions of exhaust pollutants, minimize carbon deposits in the combustion chamber, and enhance the overall performance of the product. In daily life, many people drive cars. However, certain types of gasoline can have an adverse effect on a car’s components; therefore, people often add gasoline anti-knock agents to their fuel. It can improve vehicle power performance, reduce fuel consumption, and decrease the aromatic hydrocarbon content in gasoline; however, different anti-knock agents have varying effects. Based on their chemical properties, gasoline anti-knock agents can be classified into different types. Currently, the main types commonly used are: alcohols, ethers, metals, amines, esters, and composite formulations. Based on application characteristics, they can further be divided into metallic ash-containing and organic ash-free types. Alcohol-based anti-knock agents are problematic due to poor miscibility with gasoline, high oxygen content, and national standard restrictions, among other reasons. Next, let us introduce the classifications of gasoline anti-knock agents: 1. Amine-based anti-knock agents have strong alkalinity and are prone to causing corrosion. Additionally, due to their high cost, they see limited application in the market. 　　2. When used alone, lipid anti-knock agents have relatively low anti-knock efficiency; they are mostly used in combination as components of anti-knock agent formulations. 　　3. Ether-based antiknock agents are widely used, with MTBE (methyl tert-butyl ether) being the most representative one. However, due to their high oxygen content and low calorific value, their concentration in gasoline usually does not exceed 10%. 　　4. Composite anti-knock agents are products made by combining different high-octane substances to create a positive synergistic effect. Its anti-knock effectiveness is weaker than that of metallic anti-knock agents, but stronger than that of several other types of anti-knock agents. There are no restrictions on the dosage, and it has no negative effects on other quality indicators. It is thus the most promising new type of anti-knock agent among all such agents. A typical example is the F2-1 non-metallic ashless anti-knock agent developed by Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology. 　　5. The main metal-based anti-knock agents include tetraethyl lead, ferrocene, MMT (methylcyclopentadienylmanganese tricarbonyl) or CMT. Since they cause metal deposits within the engine, leading to serious problems such as cylinder wear, poor spark plug ignition, and contamination of oxygen sensors and three-way catalytic converters, their use has now been banned or restricted. The addition of tetraethyl lead and ferrocene is explicitly prohibited by national standards, while manganese-based anti-knock agents are subject to strict usage restrictions (with a detection limit of 0.018 g/L). Functional characteristics of gasoline anti-knock agents
As is well known, gasoline anti-knock agents are being used more and more widely in the modern petrochemical industry. This is because they not only enhance the safety of gasoline usage, but also help to improve energy utilization efficiency to a certain extent. Of course, when it comes to improving gasoline utilization efficiency, gasoline additives also need to be considered. So, what are the functional characteristics of gasoline antiknock agents? 　　In modern times, oil remains the lifeblood of modern industrial production. In order to remain competitive in the fierce industry competition, numerous petrochemical manufacturers are increasing their investment in technology, striving to develop the most advanced oil-blending formulas and apply the most cutting-edge oil-blending techniques. The commonly used technique in the industry today is diesel and gasoline blending, which has already greatly improved the utilization rate of domestic oil resources to a certain extent. To accommodate the use of gasoline anti-knock agents, some manufacturers have even developed techniques for adjusting them. 　　At present, non-metallic gasoline anti-knock agents have completely solved the problems associated with the excessive manganese content resulting from the use of manganese-based additives such as MMT to increase gasoline octane rating, as well as the need to keep such gasoline away from light after it has been formulated with these additives ； This product meets the requirements of GB17930-2006 and the National IV standard for automotive gasoline; it can significantly increase the octane number and anti-knock index of gasoline, improve its physical and chemical properties, and offers good economic benefits. As a result, it is widely used by refining companies and sales firms both domestically and internationally. 　　The main functions and characteristics of gasoline anti-knock agents are: ① They have a significant effect on increasing the octane rating, and can be added in unlimited quantities ； 　　②It does not affect other parameters of the oil; it is not sensitive to light, does not turn red, has good stability, and is suitable for long-term storage ； 　　③Meets environmental regulations: free of heavy metals such as iron, manganese, and lead, as well as other harmful substances ； 　　④It has good compatibility with other high-octane components for blending ； 　　⑤It has certain fuel-saving and cleaning effects, improves the quality of gasoline, and enhances the quality ratio ； 　　⑥It does not affect other parameters of the oil, nor does it interact with other additives used in the oil processing process. When blending gasoline and diesel, four key parameters of gasoline are important. Blending gasoline and diesel can be categorized into gasoline blending, diesel blending, and lubricant blending, depending on the properties of the oils. To ensure the quality of the final product, the gasoline used for blending must meet the following four criteria: 1. Octane rating: The percentage of isooctane in the gasoline used for blending determines its octane rating, which in turn serves as a basis for classifying gasoline grades ； 　　2. Actual gum: Milligrams of the gum-like substance remaining after 100 ml of fuel has evaporated under specified conditions ； 　　3. Vapor pressure: It indicates the degree of vaporization of gasoline; it is the pressure generated when a liquid and the vapor above its surface are in equilibrium at a certain temperature ； 　　4. Induction period: At 100°C and an oxygen pressure of 7 kg/cm², it is the time interval from the start until gasoline absorbs oxygen and the pressure drops. 　　When blending gasoline and diesel, manufacturers must meet these 4 key criteria; only in this way can the performance characteristics of the resulting fuel be **improved**, allowing it to provide better lubrication during use and offering better protection for machinery.