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Wear is one of the three main causes of material damage; it accounts for 1/3 of the world’s primary energy losses. Each year, losses related to friction and wear account for approximately 2% to 7% of GDP. In various industrial sectors such as metallurgy, mining, chemicals, building materials, and aerospace, many workpieces and equipment fail rapidly due to wear, resulting in waste of materials and labor resources and causing significant losses to the national economy. The short lifespan of wear-prone components has become a serious obstacle to production development; therefore, it is of great practical importance to develop wear-resistant materials and extend the service life of equipment. 1 Basic characteristics of wear: Material wear is a process in which the frictional surfaces of two or more objects move relative to each other under the action of normal forces, and factors such as the surrounding medium and temperature conditions cause changes in their shape, size, structure, and properties. Wear is one of the main causes of failure in mechanical parts, and it has a significant impact on their lifespan and reliability. Based on an analysis of the characteristics and consequences of wear, any type of wear occurs on the working surface of an object. Not only do macroscopic changes take place on the surface of the object, but its microscopic structural structure and properties also change. At the same time, a certain amount of wear products are generated, such as those found in the guide rails of machine tools, various gears, track plates, the grinding balls and liners of ball mills, and so on. From physical and chemical perspectives, wear occurs on the surfaces where two objects move relative to each other, and it takes place in a very thin layer of the working surface. An important characteristic of the wear process is the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy; both heating and cooling occur at very fast speeds. The surface of the object possesses considerable activity and high free energy, and the structure and properties of the material’s surface and subsurface differ from those of its interior. For solid metals, at low temperatures the atoms are less active; as a result, after deformation at such low temperatures, there is not much change in the number of atoms on the surface. At high temperatures, however, the activity of the surface atoms increases, which can lead to some degree of restructuring and change in the material’s structure. This, in turn, causes changes in the material’s metallic properties and energy levels. The atoms on the surface of a material interact with the environment (medium), resulting in physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, or chemical reactions. This can lead to the formation of a work-hardened layer on the material’s surface or the creation of surface texture, factors that affect the material’s wear process. It can be said that wear is a dynamic process.