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The torque sensor should be installed in an environment with a temperature of 0°C to 60°C, a relative humidity of less than 90%, and in a place free from flammable and explosive substances. It should not be installed in an environment with strong electromagnetic interference. 1. Connection method: The connection between the torque sensor and the power equipment as well as the load-bearing equipment. (1) Elastic pin coupling connection – this type of connection features a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and convenient to maintain. It can slightly compensate for the relative offset of the shaft caused by installation errors, and at the same time serve to provide mild vibration damping. Suitable for applications with moderate loads and frequent starts, operating at high and low speeds, with a working temperature range of -20 to 70°C. (2) Connection via a rigid coupling: This type of connection has a simple structure and low cost, but it lacks compensation capabilities and cannot provide shock absorption; it also requires high precision in the alignment of the two shafts. Used for operating conditions with very low vibration. 2. Installation requirements: (1) The torque sensor can be installed horizontally or vertically. (2) Power equipment, sensors, and load devices should be installed on a stable foundation to avoid excessive vibration; otherwise, it may lead to unstable data, reduced measurement accuracy, or even damage to the sensors. (3) Connect using an elastic pin coupling or a rigid coupling. (4) The concentricity of the axes of the power equipment, sensors, and load-bearing equipment should be less than Φ0.05 mm. Generally, when a torque sensor is damaged or does not function properly, it can cause the steering system to exhibit the following 4 types of faults: 1. Difficult steering, with different steering torques on the left and right sides, or uneven steering torque ； 2. The steering torque does not change with the vehicle speed while driving, or the steering wheel cannot return to its neutral position properly ； 3. The P/S warning light on the instrument panel comes on. Torque sensors, available at http://www.rankong.com/, are generally used to measure the magnitude and direction of the force exerted by the driver on the steering wheel, converting this information into electrical signals. The power steering ECU receives these signals along with the vehicle speed signal, and uses them to determine the direction and magnitude of the assistive force. This allows the steering torque to be reduced at low speeds and increased appropriately at high speeds. It is one of the key components of an electronically controlled power steering system. Additionally, some sensors can also measure the magnitude and direction of the steering wheel angle. Torque measurement systems are complex and expensive, with many components integrated together. For example, Toyota vehicles integrate the steering motor, torque sensor, and steering column into a single steering column assembly, which enables more precise and reliable steering control. A non-contact torque sensor is also known as a sliding variable resistor torque sensor. In a contact torque sensor, a torsion bar is installed between the steering shaft and the steering pinion; when the steering system is in operation, slip rings and potentiometers are used to measure the deformation of the torsion bar and convert it into a voltage signal.