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1. Fusion welding (melting welding) is a welding method that melts the base metal at the area to be welded in order to form a weld. 2. Molten pool: The liquid metal portion of the workpiece that takes on a certain geometric shape under the action of the welding heat source during fusion welding. 3. Kerf: A depression formed at the end of the weld bead during arc welding, due to an interrupted arc or improper arc termination. 4. Deposited metal: The weld metal formed entirely from the melting of the filler metal. 5. Welding sequence: The order in which each weld pass is applied across the cross-section of the weld during cladding or multi-layer welding. 6. Weld bead: A single weld line formed by each pass of welding. 7. Root pass: The weld pass applied at the root of the joint during multi-pass welding. 8. Root pass: The weld pass that forms a backing layer (acting as a backing) during single-sided groove butt welding. 9. Backside weld pass: The final weld pass applied on the back side of the weld after welding the single-face butt joint (whether root cleaning is required is determined as needed). 10. Penetrating weld bead: A weld bead formed by welding from only one side to achieve complete penetration of the joint, generally referring to a single-sided weld with double-sided formation. 11. Oscillating weld bead: A weld bead formed by the lateral oscillation of the electrode during welding. 12. Linear weld bead: A narrow weld bead formed when the electrode does not move and moves forward in a linear path during welding. 13. Weld ripples: Fish-scale-like ripples on the surface of the weld. 14. Weld layer: Each layer formed during multi-layer welding. Each weld layer can be composed of one weld pass or several weld passes arranged side by side. 15. Welding arc: A strong and sustained discharge phenomenon that occurs in a gaseous medium between two electrodes supplied with voltage by a welding power source, or between an electrode and the base material. 16. Arc initiation: The process of starting the welding arc during arc welding. 17. Arc stability: The degree to which the arc remains in stable combustion (without issues such as arc interruption, drift, or magnetic deflection). 18. Arc stiffness: The degree to which the arc remains straight along the axis of the electrode under the effects of effects such as thermal contraction and magnetic contraction. 19. Arc force: The axial force generated in the plasma by the plasma arc; it can also refer to the mechanical force exerted by the arc on the droplets and the molten pool. 20. Arc dynamic characteristics: For an arc of a certain length, it is the relationship between the arc voltage and the instantaneous value of the arc current when the arc current undergoes continuous rapid changes. 21. Static characteristics of the arc: The relationship between welding current and arc voltage when the arc burns stably, under conditions of constant electrode material, gas medium, and arc length. It is also commonly referred to as the volt-ampere characteristic. 22. Pulse arc: An arc to which current is supplied in pulses. 23. Hard arc: An arc in which a slight change in arc voltage (or arc length) results in a significant change in current. 24. Soft arc: An arc in which the current value remains almost constant as the arc voltage changes. 25. Arc self-regulation: In GMAW, when the welding wire is fed at a constant speed, the arc possesses the ability to automatically adjust and restore its length. 26. Arc deflection (magnetic deflection): The phenomenon in which the arc is displaced due to the effect of magnetic forces. 27. Arc length: The shortest distance between the two ends of the welding arc (i.e., between the electrode tips and the surface of the molten pool). 28. Droplet transfer: A droplet of liquid metal that forms at the end of the welding wire during arc welding and transitions into the molten pool. The process by which droplets are transferred from the arc space to the molten pool occurs in three forms: large-droplet transfer, short-circuit transfer, and spray transfer. 29. Coarse droplet transition (particle transition): The molten droplets transition freely into the molten pool in the form of large particles. 30. Short-circuit transition: The droplet at the end of the electrode (or wire) makes short-circuit contact with the molten pool; due to intense overheating and magnetic contraction, it breaks off and transitions directly into the molten pool. 31. Jet transition: The droplet appears as fine particles and rapidly passes through the arc space in a jet-like manner to reach the molten pool. 32. Pulsed jet transition: A jet transition controlled by pulsed current. 33. Polarity: The polarity of the workpiece during DC arc welding or arc cutting. When the welded part is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, it is called positive polarity; when connected to the negative pole, it is called negative polarity. 34. Direct connection: A wiring method in which the welded part is connected to the positive pole of the power supply, and the electrode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply. 35. Reverse connection: A wiring method in which the weldment is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the electrode is connected to the positive pole of the power supply. 36. Welding position: In fusion welding, it refers to the spatial position of the joint between the weld pieces, and can be expressed by the weld angle and weld tilt. There are positions such as flat welding, vertical welding, horizontal welding, and overhead welding. 37. Weld seam inclination: The angle between the weld seam axis and the horizontal plane. 38. Weld corner: The angle between the weld center line (the line connecting the centers of the root and cover layers) and the horizontal reference plane’s Y-axis. 39. Flat welding position: a welding position with a weld angle of 0° and a weld rotation of 90°. 40. Transverse welding position: weld inclination angle 0°, 180° ； Butt joint positions at weld corner angles of 0° and 180°. 41. Vertical welding position: Welding positions with a weld angle of 90° (vertical upward) and 270° (vertical downward). 42. Upward welding position: Butt weld inclination angle 0°, 180° ； Welding position at a 270° turn. 43. Flat fillet weld position: Fillet weld inclination angle 0°, 180° ； Welding positions at 45° and 135° corners. 44. Upward welding position: inclination angle 0°, 180° ； Welding positions at angles of 225° and 315°. 45. Flat welding: Welding carried out in the flat welding position. 46. Transverse welding: Welding carried out at a transverse welding position. 47. Vertical welding: Welding carried out in a vertical position. 48. Upward welding: Welding carried out in the upward welding position. 49. Ship-shaped welding: Welding of T-joints, cross joints, and corner joints in the flat welding position. 50. Upward vertical welding: In vertical welding, the heat source moves from bottom to top during welding. 51. Downward vertical welding: In vertical welding, the heat source moves from top to bottom during welding. 52. Fillet welding: Welding carried out in a fillet welding position. 53. Overhead welding: Welding performed in an overhead position. 54. Oblique welding: Welding carried out when the weld joint is in an inclined position (other than the flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead welding positions). It can be divided into uphill welding and downhill welding. 55. Left welding method: A welding technique in which the welding heat source moves from the right end of the joint to the left end, targeting the area to be welded. Backward welding is the term used for the left-side welding method in GMAW and SEMA welding. 56. Rightward welding method: A technique in which the welding heat source moves from the left end to the right end of the joint, pointing toward the already-welded portion. The right-side welding method in GMAW and SEMA welding is called forward tilt welding. 57. Segmented welding off: A welding method in which the joint of the welded parts is divided into several segments, which are welded separately, with the welding direction for each segment being opposite to the overall direction of growth of the weld. 58. Skip welding is a welding method in which the joint of the workpieces is divided into several sections, and welding is carried out on these sections at intervals in a predetermined sequence and direction to complete the welding of the entire joint. 59. Single-side welding: Welding performed on only one side (face) of the joint. 60. Double-sided welding: Welding performed on both sides (faces) of a joint. 61. Single-pass welding is a welding method in which one weld pass is used to complete the entire weld. 62. Multiple-pass welding: Welding in which two or more weld passes are used to complete the entire weld. 63. Multi-pass welding: Welding in which two or more weld passes are laid to complete the entire weld. 64. Segmented multi-pass welding: The joint of the weldment is divided into several segments; each segment is welded using multiple passes in accordance with the prescribed procedure, ultimately completing the entire weld. 65. Surfacing: Welding performed to increase or restore the dimensions of a welded component, or to impart a deposited metal with special properties to its surface. 66. Strip welding is a method of welding using strip-shaped molten electrodes. 67. Root welding: For the welding of the root pass, see “Root pass”. 68. Seal weld: Welding of the seal weld bead is described in “Seal weld bead”. 69. Pad welding: A method of welding by placing a welding pad on the back side of the groove. 70. Flux pad welding: Pad welding using flux as a padding material. 71. Gas welding is a welding method that uses a gas flame as a heat source; the most common type is oxyacetylene welding, but welding using liquefied gas or propane has also seen rapid development recently. 72. Oxyacetylene welding: A welding method that uses an oxyacetylene flame. 73. Oxygen-acetylene welding: A method of welding that uses an oxygen-acetylene flame. 74. Oxygen-acetylene flame: A flame formed by the combustion of acetylene mixed with oxygen. 75. Hydrogen-oxygen flame: A flame formed by the combustion of a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. 76. Neutral flame: A flame in a single combustion zone that contains neither excess oxygen nor free carbon. 77. Oxidizing flame: There is an excess of oxygen in the flame, forming an oxidizing, oxygen-rich zone outside the pointed flame core. 78. Carburizing flame (reducing flame): A flame that contains free carbon, possessing a strong reducing effect as well as a certain carburizing effect. 79. Flame core: The conical, luminous part of the flame located near the nozzle orifice of the welding (or cutting) torch. 80. Inner flame: A carbon-rich region that is clearly visible around the flame core when there is an excess of carbon-containing gases in the flame; an inner flame exists only in a carburizing flame. 81. Outer flame: The part of the flame that burns around the flame core or inner flame. 82. Single combustion: The combustion of a flammable gas in pre-mixed air or oxygen; the flame formed by single combustion is called a primary flame. 83. Secondary combustion: The combustion in which the intermediate products of primary combustion react again with the surrounding air to form stable final products; the flame resulting from secondary combustion is called a secondary flame. 84. Flame stability: The degree of stability of flame combustion. It is measured by the degree to which tempering and deflagration (burning of the flame at a certain distance from the nozzle) occur easily. 85. Mixing ratio: In gas welding, it refers to the ratio of oxygen (or air) to the combustible gas; this ratio determines the temperature and chemical properties of the flame. In gas shielded welding, it refers to the mixing ratio of two (or more) shielding gases. 86. Gas welding torch: A tool used to control the flame during gas welding as well as soft and hard brazing. 87. Suction-type welding (cutting) torch: A welding (cutting) torch in which the combustible gas is mixed with oxygen through the suction effect of an oxygen jet. It can also be called a low-pressure welding (cutting) torch. 88. Isobaric welding (cutting) torch: A welding (cutting) torch in which the pressures of oxygen and the combustible gas are equal, and the pressure at the outlet of the mixing chamber is lower than that of both oxygen and the gas. 89. Welding and cutting torch: A dual-purpose tool that, on the same torch body, can be equipped with welding accessories for welding or cutting accessories for cutting. 90. An acetylene generator is a device that enables a chemical reaction between water and calcium carbide to produce acetylene gas at a certain pressure. 91. Low-pressure acetylene generator: An acetylene generator that produces acetylene gas with a gauge pressure of less than 0.0069 MPa. 92. Medium-pressure acetylene generator: An acetylene generator that produces acetylene gas with a gauge pressure of 0.0069–0.0127 MPa. 93. Reducer: A regulating device that reduces high-pressure gas to low-pressure gas. 94. Tempering: The flame enters the welding (cutting) torch accompanied by a hissing sound, then goes out or reignites in the nozzle. 95. Continuous tempering: The flame re-enters the welding (cutting) torch and continues to burn in the throat or mixing chamber. As the flame enters the welding (cutting) torch, the sound can change from a booming noise to a hissing sound. 96. Backflow: The flame passes through the welding (cutting) torch, into the hose, and even to the pressure regulator. It may also reach the acetylene cylinder, causing the contents inside the cylinder to heat and decompose. 97. Backflow: Gas flows from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area through a hose; this phenomenon can be caused by blockage at the nozzle outlet. 98. Tempering safety device: A safety mechanism installed on fuel gas systems to prevent backflow into the gas piping or gas supply; it generally comes in water-sealed and dry types. 99. Arc welding is a fusion welding method that uses an arc as a heat source, commonly referred to as arc welding. 100. Stick welding: An arc welding method in which the weld rod is manually manipulated for welding. 101. Gravity welding is a highly efficient welding method in which the arc-starting end of the gravity welding rod is aligned with the joint of the workpieces, while the other end is held in a sliding fixture; after the arc is ignited, as the arc burns, the rod descends due to gravity to carry out the welding process. 102. Carbon arc welding is an arc welding method that uses a carbon rod as an electrode for welding. 103. Groove welding: Arc welding carried out to obtain a groove weld. 104. Plug welding: Arc welding carried out to obtain a plug weld. 105. Deep penetration welding is a welding method that uses specific welding techniques or special electrodes to achieve weld beads with a large depth of penetration. 106. Stud welding is a method in which one end of a stud is brought into contact with the surface of a plate (or tube); an arc is generated by applying electricity, and once the contact surface melts, pressure is applied to the stud to complete the welding. 107. Arc spot welding is a welding method that uses an arc as a heat source to melt two overlapping workpieces and form spot welds; the welds produced in this way are known as arc spot welds. 108. Submerged arc welding: A welding method in which the arc burns beneath a flux layer. 109. Multi-wire submerged arc welding uses two or more welding wires to perform submerged arc welding on the same weld seam. 110. Gas-shielded arc welding is a type of arc welding in which an external gas is used as the medium for the arc, as well as to shield the arc and the welding area; it is also referred to simply as gas shielding welding. 111. Carbon dioxide gas shielded welding: A gas shielded welding process that uses CO2 as the shielding gas. Abbreviated as CO2 welding. 112. Gas-electric vertical welding: An arc welding process used for vertical welding of thick plates, in which shaping tools (fixed or movable cooling blocks) are used on both sides of the joint to maintain the shape of the molten pool and force the weld to take the desired shape. Typically, CO2 gas is used to protect the molten pool; however, no shielding gas is required when self-shielding welding wires are used. 113. Gas shielded welding: A type of gas shielded welding that uses an inert gas as the shielding gas. 114. Tungsten inert gas welding is an inert gas shielded welding process that uses pure tungsten or activated tungsten electrodes (such as thoriated tungsten, ceriated tungsten, etc.). 115. GMAW is gas shielded welding that uses a molten electrode. 116. TIG welding is a gas shielded welding process that uses argon as the shielding gas. We specialize in manufacturing a variety of quick-connect fittings (fast connectors), TIG welding torches, plasma torches, MIG welding torches, as well as various consumables and accessories for welding torches! Professional P80 cutting nozzles! Contact via WeChat/QQ: 511574122 117. Pulse TIG welding is a type of TIG welding that uses a base current to maintain the ionization channel of the main arc, and periodically applies a pulsed current of the same polarity at a high peak value to create a pulse arc, thereby melting the metal and controlling the transfer of droplets. 118. Tungsten pulse arc welding is a type of pulse arc welding that uses a tungsten electrode. 119. GMAW with pulsed argon is pulse arc welding that uses a melting electrode. 120. Helium arc welding is a gas shielded welding process that uses helium as the shielding gas. 121. Gas shielded welding: A type of gas shielded welding in which a mixed gas composed of two or more gases in specific proportions is used as the shielding gas. 122. Flux-cored wire arc welding is a method of welding that relies on the slag and gases formed by the reaction of the flux-cored wire at high temperatures to protect the welding area; an additional shielding gas may also be used. 123. Plasma arc welding is a method of welding that utilizes a water-cooled nozzle to confine the arc, thereby generating a plasma arc with a high energy density. 124. Microbeam plasma arc welding is a type of plasma arc welding that uses a low current (usually less than 30A) for welding. 125. Pulse plasma arc welding: Plasma arc welding that uses pulsed current for welding. 126. Plasma arc surfacing: A surfacing method that uses a plasma arc as the heat source. 127. Transfer arc: The plasma arc established between the electrode and the workpiece during plasma arc welding.