What are the various failure theories for thick-walled containers? What are the similarities and differences in strength design based on these failure criteria?

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Currently, there are mainly three different failure perspectives regarding the strength calculation of thick-walled vessels. (1) Elastic failure theory: It keeps the stress in the container within the elastic range, considering that the occurrence of yield on the inner wall of the cylinder represents the maximum load-bearing limit. (2) Plastic failure perspective: This approach keeps the stress in the container within the plastic range; it holds that when the inner wall of the container yields while the outer metal remains in an elastic state, this does not lead to the destruction of the container. The maximum load capacity is reached only when both the inner and outer walls of the container yield. (3) The failure by explosion theory holds that the container is made of ductile steel and exhibits significant strain hardening; even after the entire container yields, it still retains a certain capacity to bear load, with the maximum load-bearing capacity being reached only at the point of explosion.