Thread Content
01 Working Principle and Process Flow: Membrane technology is used as the core filtering material, supplemented by pretreatment or other equipment to achieve purification. Process flow for secondary reverse osmosis pure water: Raw water → Quartz sand filter → Activated carbon filter → Safety filter → Multi-stage pump → Primary reverse osmosis membrane (concentrate recovery) → Multi-stage pump → Secondary reverse osmosis membrane (concentrate recovery) → Pure water. Process flow for primary reverse osmosis pure water: Raw water → Quartz sand filter → Activated carbon filter → Safety filter → Multi-stage pump → Primary reverse osmosis membrane (concentrate recovery) → Pure water. Process flow for mineral water and spring water: Raw water → Quartz sand filter → Activated carbon filter → Safety filter → Ultrafiltration membrane → Mineral water, spring water. Process flow for ultrapure water and deionized water: Raw water → Quartz sand filter → Activated carbon filter → Safety filter → Multi-stage pump → Primary reverse osmosis membrane (concentrate recovery) (or using a secondary reverse osmosis process) → Primary mixed bed unit → Secondary mixed bed unit → Ultrapure water. 02 Introduction to various filters and filter elements: 1. Quartz sand filter: This filter is filled with refined multi-layer, multi-path quartz sand, which effectively removes sediment, rust, large impurities, and suspended particles, thereby improving the quality of the incoming water. The filter can be manually backwashed and forward washed; its filter elements have a long service life and, in theory, do not need to be replaced, only a small amount of replacement material is required. The filter housing is available in two materials: stainless steel and fiberglass. The amount of filter media used varies depending on the processing capacity, ranging from 150 kilograms to 3000 kilograms. 2. Activated carbon filter: The activated carbon filter is primarily used to remove organic substances and residual chlorine. The filter is filled with water-purifying activated carbon (mainly fruit-shell activated carbon). The water to be filtered enters the activated carbon filter, where it first adsorbs some of the organic substances in the water, with an adsorption rate of around 60% ； Secondly, it adsorbs residual chlorine from water. The removal of residual chlorine by activated carbon is not merely a process of adsorption; rather, a catalytic reaction takes place on its surface. Therefore, activated carbon does not experience adsorption saturation – only a loss of carbon occurs. The filter housing is available in two materials: stainless steel and fiberglass. The amount of filter media used ranges from 50 kg to 1,000 kg, depending on the processing volume. After activated carbon adsorption, the effluent meets the requirements for the feed water to the RO system: SD1≤4 ； 3. Safety filter: The safety filter is equipped with PP20-30 filters, which remove even smaller impurities and particles, thereby preventing them from entering the high-pressure pump and the RO membrane modules and causing damage to the surface of the membranes. Under normal operating conditions, the filter element can last for more than 3 months; the design of the filter allows for quick replacement of the filter element. The filter’s housing is made of stainless steel, and the number of filter elements ranges from 3 to 12, depending on the processing capacity. 4. Reverse osmosis membrane filter: The reverse osmosis membrane is the core component of pure water production equipment. Water processed by RO reverse osmosis systems has most inorganic salts, all organic substances, harmful chemicals, pesticide residues, bacteria, and viruses removed, thereby achieving water quality that meets the standards for pure water. Based on the requirements for the quality of the effluent water, it is further divided into primary reverse osmosis treatment and secondary reverse osmosis treatment. Water treated through secondary reverse osmosis achieves a desalination rate of over 99%, with a water utilization rate of more than 60%; its quality meets the standards for **bottled purified water. Reverse osmosis membranes are generally those produced by the American company Hydranautics, available in 4040 and 8040 specifications. Depending on the processing capacity, the number ranges from 1 to 20, with a service life of over 2 years. 5. Ultrafiltration membrane filters: The hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes are the core component of mineral water processing equipment. The water treated by this ultrafiltration system has most bacteria and almost all organic substances and microorganisms removed, thereby bringing its quality up to the standards for clean water. The water utilization rate reaches 75–90%; it has a high processing capacity and is not prone to clogging. Currently, domestic membranes are used, available in 4040 and 8040 specifications. 6. Mixed-bed equipment uses cation and anion resins as filtering media to remove cations and anions from water, thereby achieving a higher level of purity than that of pure water. The filter media in mixed-bed systems are divided into renewable and non-renewable types. The usage cost of renewable filter media is relatively low, while non-renewable filter media have a longer service life. Water that has been treated with a mixed-bed system is called ultra-pure water. The unit used to measure it is resistivity, which is the reciprocal of conductivity; generally, the resistivity of water treated with a mixed-bed system ranges from 1 to 15 megohms. 03 Complete equipment configuration for pure water plants: 1. Two-stage reverse osmosis water production units: RO-1000I series. In accordance with QS certification requirements, the water production equipment in pure water plants must have a capacity of over 1 T/H. Therefore, customers’ requirements are generally above 1T, with options such as 1T, 2T, and 5T. The equipment in pure water plants must use two-stage reverse osmosis to meet the water quality requirements, that is, a conductivity of less than 10. 2. Fully automatic bottle cleaning and filling machine: The XG-100 series is a device designed specifically for cleaning pure water bottles and filling them with pure water. It uses pneumatic systems to carry out the entire process from external cleaning to filling and capping in an automated manner. The cleaning process generally consists of four steps: external cleaning – internal cleaning – cleaning with disinfectant – cleaning with pure water, followed by filling and capping ； Depending on the filling capacity, they are divided into single-row and double-row types. Those that can fill 60–120 bottles per hour are usually of the single-row type, while those that can fill more than 120 bottles per hour are double-row types (such as 200, 400 bottles per hour) ； Based on their shape, they are further divided into straight-type and L-type. 3. Stainless steel water storage tank: The purified water produced by the reverse osmosis water generator must first be stored in a stainless steel water storage tank, where it is disinfected and preserved before being bottled. Water storage tanks are generally available in capacities of 1T, 2T, 3T, 5T, etc., and are equipped with level switches that connect to the water production machine to enable automatic water supply and shutdown. The material is 304 food-grade stainless steel; the bracket can be made of iron or stainless steel. 4. Ozone water generator: CH-3/CH-4 uses pure water as raw material, and generates ozone through the electrolysis of this pure water to disinfect it and preserve its quality. The advantage of this device is that it requires no other raw materials and causes no pollution ； The disadvantage is that the amount of ozone produced is low, there is no mixing equipment, and the disinfection is insufficient. It is generally used in water production equipment with a capacity of 1T or less. 5. Ozone mixer: CH-1/220V, with a stainless steel frame. It uses medical oxygen as raw material to generate ozone through the electrolysis of oxygen; then a mixing pump is used to thoroughly mix the ozone with pure water, resulting in a milky-colored gas-liquid mixture that achieves complete disinfection and preservation. This device generates a large amount of ozone, providing excellent disinfection effects, and is generally used in water production systems of 1T or larger. Ozone is a highly oxidizing gas with a distinct odor; during the storage of pure water, ozone naturally decomposes into oxygen and free oxygen. Therefore, bottled water generally needs to be stored for more than 12 hours before being sold to allow the ozone to decompose. 6. Air purifier: The ZJ-800 is specifically used to purify the air in the filling room, ensuring that the air quality within this sealed space reaches a level of 1000 or higher, thereby preventing any secondary contamination during the filling of pure water. Depending on the size of the filling room, one or two units can be installed. 7. Bottle cap disinfection cabinet: The XD-3 is designed specifically for disinfecting bottle caps. It has a stainless steel structure and includes both ozone and ultraviolet disinfection mechanisms to ensure that the bottle caps remain free from contamination. 8. Automatic sealer (optional): Installed after the filling machine, it uses steam as an energy source to seal the heat-shrinkable film around the bottle neck. The capacity ranges from 60 to 300 bottles per hour, and it is equipped with plastic chain plates. 9. Fully automatic water softener (optional): Designed for areas with hard water quality; it removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water through ion exchange, thereby softening the water and preventing scaling and blockages in the RO membrane. Generally, when the hardness of the raw water exceeds 500, a water softener is necessary; depending on the water production volume, water softeners with a treatment capacity of 2–35 T per hour can be selected. 10. Air shower (optional): Specifically used to disinfect operators before entering and leaving the filling room, thereby preventing human-induced contamination of the air in that room. 04 Complete equipment setup for mineral water and spring water plants 1. Ultrafiltration water purifier: The core technology here is the ultrafiltration membrane; taking advantage of the fact that its pore size is larger than that of reverse osmosis membranes, it can filter out impurities and bacteria while retaining the natural minerals present in mineral water. The entire unit features a stainless steel structure, offering a luxurious and attractive appearance, and is equipped with high-flow pre-treatment; its water production capacity ranges from 1T to 15T. 2. For other equipment, refer to “Equipment Configuration for Pure Water Plants”, except for water softeners. 05 Configuration of ultra-pure water equipment: 1. Primary or secondary reverse osmosis water generators, which serve as a pre-treatment step for ultra-pure water equipment and can remove the vast majority of impurities, bacteria, and ions. Ensure the desalination rate of subsequent equipment. 2. Primary or secondary mixed-bed reactors utilize cation and anion resins to further remove ions from the water, thereby achieving the required resistance level of the water. 3. Stainless steel water storage tanks are used for storing ultrapure water. 4. Stainless steel booster pump – used to pressurize the ultrapure water in the storage tank and deliver it to the designated location. 06 The unit is equipped with pure water treatment equipment: 1. Primary or secondary reverse osmosis water generators. Purposes of these units: one is for internal drinking water and use in the cafeteria ； The second is water used in manufacturing processes, such as that used by tableware disinfection companies to clean tableware. Generally, secondary reverse osmosis equipment is used in the north, while primary reverse osmosis equipment is used in the south. The typical usage rate is around 0.3–1 T/H, and fiberglass or stainless steel configurations can be used. 2. Stainless steel water storage tank 3. Stainless steel booster pump 4. Ozone water generator 07 Differences between large-scale equipment and household/business water purifiers: 1. Household and business water purifiers all use primary reverse osmosis, while large-scale equipment comes in both primary and secondary types. 2. Domestic and commercial pure water machines have a relatively low water production capacity; the measurement unit is gallons per day. The actual amount of water produced can only be calculated based on 6–8 hours of operation, as they cannot run for extended periods of time. A dedicated pressure tank is required for these machines ； Large-scale equipment has a high water production capacity; the measurement unit is liters per hour. It can operate continuously for over 10 hours without the need for a pressure tank.