What are the typical welding defects?

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Typical welding defects mainly include the following: Lack of fusion: During welding, the phenomenon in which the weld metal does not fully fuse with the base material, or between successive weld passes. Underwelding: A condition during welding in which the root of the joint is not fully melted, occurring mainly in single-sided welded butt joints and double-sided welded butt joints. Slag inclusions: The phenomenon of slag remaining in the weld during welding, usually caused by improper welding techniques or inadequate cleaning of the wire surface. Porosity: During welding, gases present in the molten pool fail to escape before the metal cools, resulting in pores formed within the weld. Cracks: During welding, gaps or cracks that appear in the weld due to factors such as stress, temperature changes, or defects in the material itself. Undercutting: During welding, it occurs as a result of insufficient filler metal or improper welding parameters, leading to indentations or grooves in the base material at the edge of the weld. Misalignment: During welding, this phenomenon occurs when the weld joints do not align properly due to mismatches in the thickness of the two materials being welded or in the angle of the grooves. Overheating: During welding, it is a phenomenon in which the microstructure of the weld and the heat-affected zone changes due to excessive heating or prolonged exposure to high temperatures. Tungsten inclusion: During welding, the tungsten electrode comes into contact with the metal in the weld pool, resulting in the tip of the tungsten electrode ending up inside the weld. These welding defects can affect the quality of the weld, leading to safety hazards such as reduced weld strength and an increased risk of leaks. Therefore, in actual production, measures need to be taken for prevention and correction, such as improving operational skills, optimizing welding processes, and strengthening material management.