Thought-provoking questions for the defense of some pressure vessel design reviewers
Thread Content
At the defense preparation workshop held at Suzhou Hualong Hotel on July 25, 2023, some of the thought-provoking questions were compiled as follows. It is hoped that this will serve as a reference for students currently preparing for their defenses. 1. What are the various forms of接管 welding structures, and what are their characteristics? 2. How to select welding materials for pressure vessels? 3. What precautions should be taken regarding composite panels? 4. Concepts of hydrogen embrittlement and hydrogen corrosion, causes, and countermeasures? 5. Selection, characteristics, and force analysis of high-pressure studs? 6. What is the welding structure type for the head and cylinder, and what are the inspection methods? 7. What is the stress condition of the upper and lower tie rods of the spherical tank? 8. Ball tank heat treatment methods, purposes, and what types are used for this ball tank? 9. What is the purpose of setting manholes on spherical tanks? 10. What are the precautions during the manufacture of spherical tanks? 11. Non-destructive testing during the manufacture of spherical tanks? 12. How should materials be selected for H2S? 13. The heat treatment is complete, but I forgot to weld the nameplate holder. What should I do? 14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cold forming and hot forming? 15. Can the gusset plate of the lifting lug be used as a reinforcement plate? 16. What failure modes should be considered for flange bolts? 17. What does the maximum and minimum preload of a bolt depend on? 18. Is there a difference in circumferential stress between high-pressure and medium/low-pressure equipment? 19. What loads need to be considered for supported bearings? 20. What does the pressure rating of a flange depend on? 21. What is recovery performance heat treatment? How to carry out recovery performance heat treatment? 22. What is combined testing? Is TOPD+UT a combined detection method? 23. Which is greater, the wind load or the seismic load on spherical tanks? 24. How is the number of ball tank legs determined? 25. How is the minimum wall thickness of the nozzles on high-pressure vessels determined? 26. What points should be considered in the reinforcement calculation for openings in embedded joints? 27. Can a spherical tank be manufactured using TOPD without performing UT? 28. Can the thickness of the shell plates of a spherical tank vary?
1. The main types of welded joint configurations include sleeve joints, butt welds, and corner welds, each with different application scenarios and load-bearing capacities. 2. When selecting welding materials, factors such as the material of the base metal, welding properties, and working environment conditions must be taken into account. 3. When using composite panels, attention should be paid to the compatibility of the panels, interface treatment, and control of the welding process. 4. Hydrogen embrittlement is a phenomenon in which hydrogen atoms cause metal to become brittle, while hydrogen corrosion results from the reaction between hydrogen and metal, leading to material loss. Preventive measures include using hydrogen-resistant materials and controlling the hydrogen concentration in the environment. 5. When selecting high-pressure studs, material, strength grade, and dimensions must be taken into account; their features include high load-bearing capacity and good fatigue resistance. 6. The welding structure of the head and cylinder is mostly full butt welding, and the inspection methods include X-ray inspection, ultrasonic inspection, etc. 7. The stress conditions of the upper and lower tie rods of spherical tanks require consideration of both static and dynamic loading. 8. The purpose of heat treatment for spheres and tanks is to eliminate internal stresses and improve material properties; the type of heat treatment used depends on the material and design requirements. 9. The purpose of installing manholes on spherical tanks is mainly to facilitate internal inspection, maintenance, and cleaning. 10. Matters to be noted when manufacturing spherical tanks include material selection, welding process control, and dimensional accuracy. 11. Non-destructive testing of spheres and tanks usually includes radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, etc. 12. The selection of materials in H2S environments should take into account their resistance to hydrogen sulfide corrosion. 13. If the nameplate holder was forgotten to be welded after heat treatment, minor reheat treatment should be carried out according to the material properties and treatment specifications, or another fixing method should be chosen. 14. Both cold forming and hot forming have their advantages and disadvantages, such as forming efficiency, cost, and material properties. 15. The shackle gasket can theoretically be used as a reinforcement plate, but this must be determined based on the actual loading conditions and design specifications. 16. The failure modes of flange bolts mainly consider bolt fatigue fracture and relaxation. 17. The preload of bolts depends on the material properties, thread parameters, and operating environment. 18. The main difference in circumferential stress between high-pressure and medium-low pressure equipment lies in the magnitude of the internal pressure load. 19. The loads that need to be considered for supported bearings include vertical loads, horizontal loads, and possible torques. 20. The pressure rating of the flange is related to the design pressure, temperature, and connection dimensions. 21. Restorative heat treatment is intended to restore the original properties of a material, and the specific procedures to be followed should depend on the type of material and the extent of the damage. 22. Combined testing refers to the use of multiple testing methods together to carry out a testing task, and TOPD+UT is an example of combined testing. 23. Whether the wind load or the seismic load is greater for spheres and tanks depends on the specific geographical location and climate conditions. 24. The number of tank supports is determined based on the design load, tank size, and safety factor. 25. The minimum thickness of high-pressure vessel nozzles is determined by the design pressure, nozzle size, and material strength. 26. When reinforcing an embedded takeover opening, attention must be paid to the dimensions, location of the reinforcement plate, and welding details. 27. When performing TOPD on spheres and tanks manually, it is usually necessary to combine it with other testing methods such as UT to ensure comprehensive inspection. 28. Whether the shell plates of a spherical tank can have different thicknesses depends on the design pressure and stress distribution. .
Thank you for sharing,, I’ve learned something, thumbs up :)
I think the first question should be about the difference between plug-in and push-type.
After reading your answer, I feel~~~~~~~
This post was last edited by gjw8699 on 2025-3-27 at 15:58. Hello Mr. Huang, if you have time, could you organize the answers to these questions? My skills are limited, and there are some questions I really don’t know how to answer.