How is the calculated thickness for external pressure calculations determined?

To calculate the shell thickness under external pressure, the following steps are generally required: 1. Determine the material of the shell and its design conditions, including design temperature, design pressure, etc. 2. Select an appropriate shell structure type, such as cylindrical, spherical, or conical. 3. Perform calculations using relevant formulas or standards. For example, UCS-28 of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section VIII, Division 1 is used to calculate cylindrical shells. 4. Use the relevant parameters in the formula (such as shell diameter, external pressure, allowable stress of the material, etc.) to calculate the required minimum shell thickness. The specific calculation methods and formulas may vary depending on the design standards and codes (such as ASME, DIN, etc.). It is recommended to conduct detailed calculations in accordance with specific engineering design specifications. .