How is the general formula for the effective thickness of the gas radiation layer derived?
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Recently, I came across a general formula for calculating the effective thickness of a gas radiation layer in boiler calculation documents: s=3.6V/A (where V is the volume of the gas and A is the surrounding area), but I’m not sure how this formula was derived. Upon further research, I found this formula in the book \"Heat Transfer\" edited by Yang Shiming, but there was no derivation process provided. Meanwhile, in the materials found online, some coefficients are 3.4 or 3.5. I estimate that the coefficient is 3.3. Want to know how to calculate it specifically? See the image for formula details
In the book \"Heat Transfer\" edited by Zhang Ximing, the formula is S=4CV/A, where C is a correction factor ranging from 0.85 to 0.95; generally, 0.9 is used. The book \"Heat Exchanger Design Manual, Volume 2: Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer\", translated and published by the Mechanical Industry Press (edited by E.U. Schrindler from West Germany), contains derivations related to S=4V/A; however, my math skills are not good enough to understand them. Could someone explain it simply?