Maintenance of chemical engineering machinery and equipment

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　　Chemical processing machinery can generally be divided into two main categories: chemical processing machines. It refers to machinery whose main functional components are in motion, such as various filters, crushers, centrifuges, rotary kilns, mixers, rotary dryers, and fluid transport machinery. Chemical processing equipment. It refers to machinery in which the main functional components are stationary or move only slightly, such as various containers (tanks, vats, etc.), ordinary kilns, towers, reactors, heat exchangers, conventional dryers, evaporators, reaction furnaces, electrolytic cells, crystallization equipment, mass transfer equipment, adsorption equipment, fluidization equipment, conventional separation equipment, and ion exchange equipment. During operation, mechanical equipment’s components gradually wear out, deform, break, or get corroded due to factors such as materials, manufacturing processes, environmental conditions, and human error. As the degree of wear on these components increases, the technical condition of the equipment deteriorates, which inevitably leads to various faults. This results in a reduction in the equipment’s functionality and precision, and in some cases, the entire device loses its usability. Keeping construction machinery on-site in good condition, improving its utilization rate, and extending its service life are necessary for enterprises to enhance their economic efficiency. 　　1. Anti-corrosion treatment of chemical machinery and equipment The challenge of preventing corrosion in chemical machinery and equipment has received increasing attention as the chemical industry develops. Furthermore, since industrial equipment is often affected by external factors such as temperature fluctuations, alternating dry and wet conditions, coastal salt mist, condensed water vapor, and ultraviolet radiation, its maintenance costs increase to varying degrees, which in turn affects the normal production of enterprises. Therefore, it is very important to implement effective anti-corrosion measures for chemical processing machinery. 　　1.1 Design phase Generally, defects present throughout the design process are a major cause of corrosion in chemical equipment. Therefore, in order to lay a solid foundation for subsequent work and avoid problems during future production and use, designers should take all possible factors into account during the design stage. First, select the appropriate equipment materials based on the medium environment; when choosing materials, consideration should be given to their compatibility with one another, their corrosion resistance, and their thermal insulation properties ； Secondly, it is necessary to fully consider the strength of the equipment under conditions of local corrosion, fatigue corrosion, and creep ； Once again, attention should be paid to the structural design of the equipment. Since gaps are inevitable, they should be welded shut in order to prevent solutions from seeping in and thus minimize their presence as much as possible ； Finally, the appropriate anti-corrosion capability should be selected based on specific circumstances. 　　1.2 Manufacturing Process The entire equipment manufacturing process should be carried out in strict accordance with relevant regulations or standards, and attention should be paid to the anti-corrosion treatment of the equipment. When adding materials, all of them should be inspected; a dedicated person should be assigned to keep detailed records of the materials and oversee them, with regular rechecks of the materials carried out ； The welding process is quite important; to avoid intergranular chromium depletion that occurs due to prolonged exposure at sensitization temperatures, the welding must be carried out quickly, and rapid cooling is required after welding. To avoid the occurrence of pores or arcing, careful manipulation is required. Furthermore, the welding process should avoid cross-welding as much as possible ； The work related to the anti-corrosion lining cannot be ignored; it is necessary to conduct thorough inspections of the lining’s surface quality, internal quality, dimensional accuracy, pressure resistance, and film thickness. 　　1.3 Application Phase Since the equipment is inevitably in contact with corrosive substances throughout its operation, and it works under high temperature and pressure conditions, the phase where the equipment is most susceptible to corrosion is the application phase. Personnel responsible for equipment management should conduct regular inspections of both the inside and outside of the equipment in accordance with relevant regulations, and increase routine checks in order to stay aware of any signs of corrosion. It is necessary to maintain a record of equipment corrosion, paying close attention to areas where corrosion is more likely to occur, so as to keep the corrosive environment under strict control. 　　1.4 Maintenance phase To prevent waste and to facilitate future use, after the equipment is no longer in use, it is necessary to promptly clean up any waste liquids and residues, and to check for signs of reduced material strength such as temper brittleness, hydrogen embrittlement, or stress corrosion cracking. Equipment with particularly severe corrosion issues should be discarded immediately and not used again. 　　2. Lubrication management of chemical processing machinery and equipment The material basis for production is equipment, and lubrication is a necessary condition for the proper operation of such equipment; therefore, lubrication of chemical processing equipment is an essential part of the management system for such equipment. The wear and tear of equipment will directly affect the quality of production, as well as its efficiency and profitability. Therefore, equipment managers should improve the lubrication and maintenance of equipment and control friction to ensure its service life. 　　2.1 Selection of Lubricants When selecting a lubricant, it is necessary to choose the most appropriate one based on the specific operating conditions of the machine, with the aim of ensuring the safe operation of its frictional components. A dedicated person should be assigned to sort and store containers containing lubricant according to their types and specifications; mixing them is strictly prohibited. Before they are used in the equipment, they must be handled in accordance with regulations, and corresponding lubrication records should be kept. 　　2.2 Precautions for lubricant management First, it is necessary to establish responsible units and improve various systems. The organizational structure for lubrication generally consists of operational units, supply units, inspection units, installation workshop units, and control units. Some of these units are existing, while others are established specifically for this purpose. However, all of them are responsible for carrying out lubrication tasks. The mobile unit is primarily responsible for staffing, preparing equipment lubrication manuals, establishing an equipment lubrication system, and overseeing all related activities. The supply unit is responsible for formulating plans for oil purchases, organizing orders, keeping records, and handling the recycling of used oil. The inspection unit is mainly in charge of checking the quality of the oil and preparing inspection reports ； The equipment workshop is primarily responsible for the management and use of lubricants and related supplies, as well as for providing solutions and innovative approaches for improvements (specific plans for carrying out work or strategies to address certain issues). Operators, on the other hand, are mainly in charge of recording work details and checking temperatures at the lubricated areas. Throughout the entire process of execution. Under the premise of performing one’s own duties properly, mutual supervision is carried out to ensure the smooth operation of the equipment. 　　Secondly, it is necessary to organize and prepare all the basic technical management documents required for lubrication work. This includes lubrication cards for various types of equipment ； Fuel tank capacity quota ； Daily lubrication consumption quota ； Equipment oil change cycle ； The entire process of cleaning and changing the oil ； Technical data on oil substitutes and blending components, etc. Its purpose is to guide operators, lubricators, maintenance workers, etc. in performing equipment lubrication tasks properly. 　　Finally, conduct regular inspections and tests of the equipment’s lubrication status, and address any issues existing in the lubrication system promptly. Mechanical equipment should have its damaged lubrication parts, devices, and tools replaced in a timely manner. Records and analyzes lubricant usage as well as cleaning and oil change procedures, continuously improving equipment lubrication practices. Take measures to prevent equipment oil leakage. In addressing such leaks, focus on the three key steps of \"inspection, repair, and management\" in order to meet the leakage control standards set by the competent authorities. As long as there are advanced management concepts, a sound management system, and responsible managers, equipment lubrication can be carried out effectively. 　　3. Maintenance of chemical processing machinery and equipment 　　(1) The maintenance tasks for such equipment generally include routine maintenance, periodic maintenance, regular inspections, and accuracy checks. Among these, the maintenance of the equipment’s lubrication and cooling systems is also an important aspect of its upkeep. The maintenance of the equipment should meet the following requirements: ① Cleanliness – there should be no waste residues or oil inside and outside the equipment, on all sliding surfaces, racks, gearboxes, etc.; there should be no oil leaks in any part, and no debris should be present around the equipment ； ②Keep it tidy; all tools, products, etc. should be placed in order ； ③It is well-lubricated; oil should be added and changed on schedule to ensure normal oil pressure, a clear oil level gauge, unobstructed oil passages, and no dry grinding ； ④Ensure safety by adhering to safety operating procedures, avoiding overloading tests, maintaining complete and reliable safety protection devices on the equipment, and promptly eliminating any sources of insecurity. 　　(2) Countermeasures for mechanical seal leakage issues. Mechanical seals are able to provide sealing because there is a face seal between their end faces, and the shape of this face seal determines the effectiveness of the sealing. Due to different operating conditions, there are three types of end face films between the mechanical seal faces: liquid phase, gas-liquid mixed phase, and gas phase. The reason for the different forms of end-face masks is that boiling or flashing occurs when the sealed liquid approaches saturation, that is, a phase change takes place. Once a phase change occurs in the end face film, the back pressure of the film changes significantly, resulting in unstable end-face bonding. Therefore, the key to solving the problem is how to ensure that the end face membrane of the mechanical seal is a stable membrane. Obviously, to ensure that the end coating is a stable film, it is sufficient to ensure that no phase transition occurs in the end coating, or that if a phase transition does occur, it does not disrupt the adhesion at the end surface. The design and configuration of mechanical seals must take into account the actual production conditions; materials for the friction pairs and static seal rings that offer reliable sealing performance and a long service life should be preferred wherever possible ； The outer end does not come into contact with the medium, so materials with good sealing reliability are preferred; it is not necessary to use the same materials for both the inner and outer ends. This approach helps to reduce costs while also enhancing sealing reliability. Strict requirements must be imposed on the machining quality of mechanical seal components. The instructions and maintenance procedures should specify the technical requirements for the installation and use of mechanical seals, so that workers have clear guidelines to follow. 　　4. Conclusion The chemical industry is one of the **key industries. Chemical products are inseparable from chemical production, and chemical production relies on production workers as well as increasingly modern chemical machinery and equipment. The quality of mechanical equipment has a direct impact on the quality of chemical products, as well as on their economic efficiency and profitability. To improve the quality of products and their economic performance, it is necessary to enhance the skills of production staff and improve the routine maintenance of chemical machinery, thereby contributing to rapid economic development.