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Instrument maintenance measures: (1) General maintenance methods for all instruments and equipment: After unboxing, the users and maintenance personnel should carefully read the instructions provided, so as to understand their structure, principles, functions, key operating points, as well as the requirements for maintenance. The interior and exterior of the instrument should be kept clean, with attention paid to preventing moisture, rust, and interference. Precision instruments should be handled with care, and optical components should be cleaned using lens cleaning paper; wet cloths must not be used for cleaning them. Clean the dust from the electronic circuit boards and check the grounding of the instruments. The mechanical and transmission parts must have rust and dirt removed, and proper lubrication applied. (2) Maintenance methods for instruments that are used frequently: Depending on the characteristics of the instrument, if it involves heat exchange, it is necessary to regularly check the ventilation openings and clean away dust and combustion residues promptly ； For those that belong to hydraulic machinery or contain a medium solution, it is necessary to regularly check for any changes in the color of the medium or in its interface condition, and to replace the medium in a timely manner or adjust its amount as appropriate. Those that are considered vulnerable components should be cleaned and replaced in a timely manner, such as the gasket in gas chromatographs. For instruments with a water circulation system, it is necessary to prevent the accumulation of dust, suspended particles, etc., which could lead to insufficient water flow and thus affect the cooling effect, or cause an increase in conductivity that impacts the performance of the instrument. For instruments that use gas sources, it is necessary to regularly check the gas line connections with soapy water to prevent leaks that could cause accidents or affect the accuracy of the results. (3) Maintenance methods for instruments that are used infrequently: Electronic and analytical instruments should be powered on regularly to warm up, in order to prevent electrolytic capacitors from deteriorating, as well as to avoid local short circuits or poor performance in the electronic circuit boards, which could affect the instrument’s functionality ； For instruments that use dry batteries, it is necessary to remove the batteries and store them when not in use for an extended period of time, to prevent the batteries from deteriorating and damaging the electrodes ； A microammeter should be stored with its input terminals shorted together, while a sensitive galvanometer should be stored with its input coil locked ； Regularly check the desiccant silica gel in the instrument to prevent internal components from becoming damp, which could affect the instrument’s stability parameters ； The optical channels need to be regularly cleaned of dust, dirt, and mold spots.