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The occurrence of coating failure may be attributed to the following factors: the basic formulation design of the paint, improper system planning, poor surface preparation, incorrect application, and environmental influences. Coating failure includes various coating defects, and these defects have varying effects on the service life of the coating. One issue associated with coating failure is that corrosion defects generally do not cause significant damage to the surface; however, the main corrosion defects can often be identified by examining the substrate beneath the surface. The problems with coating materials are generally considered to be the main cause of coating failure, but in fact, most coating failures occur due to the failure to establish or follow surface treatment and primer application specifications during coating application. Rust, mold, and various surface contaminants that are not removed properly or completely will lead to a weakened adhesion between the coating and the metal surface. An unsatisfactory surface morphology will limit the effectiveness of a satisfactory coating system. Coating failure often occurs when the coating does not cure properly. Such potential influencing factors need to be carefully examined in order to determine the cause and mechanism of coating failure. Background data such as the historical record of coating systems, application procedures, application environments, as well as the physical and instrumental characterization of failed coatings, can all be used to determine the causes of such coating failures. Coating failure can lead to severe corrosion and operational problems with various equipment and structures, resulting in economic losses. At the same time, the process of repairing damaged coatings is usually dangerous and complex as well. Many oil and gas projects have suffered significant losses due to the premature failure of paints and coatings. This includes the major natural gas explosion that occurred in Calhoun County, Alabama, in December 2011; the costs associated with repairing the damaged coatings exceeded by far the cost of applying those coatings in the first place, and the costs of shutting down the natural gas facility were also very high. Furthermore, in this accident, a large amount of hazardous materials were transported through the gas pipeline, and those in charge bear significant responsibility for this.