Process Package Document Design

1.2 Design Basis The collection of chemical property data should be the most important part of the design basis. The ability to accurately locate, analyze, and process the required data is the first step in process document design, as well as the most difficult one. 1.2.1 Key data: 1) Basic physical property data, including the state of the raw material, its composition, impurity content, boiling range, color, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index, and all other parameters that must be specified. 2) Relevant thermodynamic properties, mainly the heat of vaporization ； Relevant transfer properties, viscosity, etc. 3) Specify the specifications of raw materials, products, intermediates, and by-products, along with the standards applicable to them; also list the analysis methods for each parameter along with the standard numbers. 4) Physicochemical properties and parameters of the catalyst. 5) MSDS data and fire hazard. 6) Phase equilibrium data, mainly to confirm the azeotropy of the separated mixture. 7) List the specifications for water, steam, compressed air, instrument air, nitrogen, electricity, etc. Such as: temperature and pressure of fresh water, soft water, deionized water, and steam ； Requirements for temperature, pressure, dew point, and oil content of instrument air and compressed air ； Pressure, temperature, and purity of nitrogen and oxygen ； Temperature, pressure, calorific value, and composition of fuel gas and oil ； Composition, calorific value, and thermodynamic properties of heat carriers ； Temperature and pressure of the refrigerant ； Power supply voltage, frequency, phase/wiring configuration of electricity. 1.2.2 Methods of obtaining data: 1) Tools for querying property data: Aspen, Pro2, etc ； 2) Search on the Internet, but the data must be verified; for example, the website: www.chemicaibook.com ； 3) Book and manual search: “Chemical Process Design Manual”, “Chemical Engineering Handbook”, “Handbook of Chemical Property Data”, etc ； 4) Physical property data that cannot be found can only be estimated: this is done using an estimation function in Aspen or by following the methods outlined in the \"Handbook for Estimating Gas-Liquid Properties\".

1.2 Design Basis The collection of chemical property data should be the most important part of the design basis. The ability to accurately locate, analyze, and process the required data is the first step in process document design. 1.2.1 Key data: 1) Basic physical property data, such as boiling point, melting point, freezing point, critical parameters (parameters at the critical state), etc., as well as all parameters that must be specified, including the state of the raw material, its composition, impurity content, boiling range, color, specific gravity (relative density), refractive index, etc. Definition: Critical state refers to the limiting thermodynamic state at which the gas and liquid phases of a pure substance coexist in equilibrium. A marginal state in which the gaseous and liquid phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium. In this state, the thermodynamic state parameters of the saturated liquid and the saturated vapor are identical; the interface between the gas and the liquid disappears, so there is no surface tension, and the latent heat of vaporization is zero. The temperature, pressure, and specific volume at the critical state are respectively called the critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical specific volume. It can be expressed by a critical point. Boiling range refers to the temperature range that indicates the evaporation characteristics of a petroleum product, as determined by its distillation under specified conditions, from the initial boiling point to the final boiling point. Refractive index refers to the ratio of the speed of light in air to its speed in the substance being tested; it is one of the most important physical constants of organic compounds. It can be determined accurately and easily, and serves as a standard for the purity of liquid substances – it is more reliable than boiling point. Refractive index is also used to determine the composition of liquid mixtures. (Entry from Baidu Baike) 2) Relevant thermodynamic properties, mainly the heat of vaporization ； Relevant transfer properties, viscosity, etc. Definition: Latent heat of vaporization refers to the amount of heat absorbed per unit mass of liquid when it is converted into a gas at a constant temperature. It is also equal to the heat released when a unit mass of gaseous substance at this temperature converts to a liquid under a certain pressure. Viscosity refers to the resistance that a fluid exhibits to flow. When a fluid (gas or liquid) flows, and one part flows over another, it encounters resistance; this is the internal friction of the fluid. To make the fluid flow, a tangential force must be applied in the direction of flow to counteract the resistance. (Item sourced from Baidu Baike) 3) Specify the specifications of raw materials, products, intermediate products, and by-products, along with the standards applicable to them; also list the analysis methods for each parameter along with the corresponding standard numbers. 4) Physicochemical properties and parameters of the catalyst. 5) MSDS data and fire hazard. Definition: MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet; it can also be translated as Chemical Safety Data Sheet or Safety Data Sheet for Chemicals. It is a document used by chemical manufacturers and importers to describe the physicochemical properties of chemicals (such as pH value, flash point, flammability, reactivity, etc.) as well as the potential hazards they may pose to human health (such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, etc.). (Article sourced from Baidu Baike) Fire hazard: For detailed information, see clause 3.1, item 6 of GB50016-2018. Equilibrium data are primarily used to determine the azeotrope behavior of separated mixtures. Definition: Phase equilibrium refers to the limiting state reached by the phases in a multiphase system. At this point, there is no material transfer between the phases on a macroscopic scale; however, on a microscopic scale, materials still move in opposite directions across the phase boundaries at equal speeds, so the net rate of transfer is zero. Chemical thermodynamics studies the equilibrium of two-phase systems, including gas-liquid equilibrium, gas-solid equilibrium, vapor-liquid equilibrium, vapor-solid equilibrium, liquid-liquid equilibrium, liquid-solid equilibrium, and solid-solid equilibrium ； Systems with more than 2 phases include gas-liquid-solid equilibrium, gas-liquid-liquid equilibrium, etc. (The entry is from Baidu Baike) Azeotropy refers to the phenomenon in which a liquid mixture of two or more components boils at a constant pressure when composed in specific proportions, with the vapor composition being identical to that of the solution. 7) List the specifications for water, steam, compressed air, instrument air, nitrogen, electricity, etc. Such as: temperature and pressure of fresh water, soft water, deionized water, and steam ； Requirements for temperature, pressure, dew point, and oil content of instrument air and compressed air ； Pressure, temperature, and purity of nitrogen and oxygen ； Temperature, pressure, calorific value, and composition of fuel gas and oil ； Composition, calorific value, and thermodynamic properties of heat carriers ； Temperature and pressure of the refrigerant ； Power supply voltage, frequency, phase/wiring configuration of electricity. 1.2.2 Methods of obtaining data: 1) Tools for querying property data: Aspen, Pro2, etc ； 2) Search on the Internet, but the data must be verified; for example, the website: www.chemicaibook.com ； 3) Book and manual search: “Chemical Process Design Manual”, “Chemical Engineering Handbook”, “Handbook of Chemical Property Data”, etc ； 4) Physical property data that cannot be found can only be estimated: this is done using an estimation function in Aspen or by following the methods outlined in the \"Handbook for Estimating Gas-Liquid Properties\". 5) Standard Sharing Online Learning Rabbit http://www.bzfxw.com/