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This post was last edited by The past is frozen on 2021-4-25 at 18:48. Today, I’d like to share with you an article written ten years ago, titled “Dangerous Chemical Reactions – Aluminothermic Agents and Black **”. The following chemical reactions are extremely dangerous; do not attempt to replicate them even when accompanied by a parent. If the reaction does take place, officials in uniform might invite you in for tea... Aluminothermic agents are mixtures composed of aluminum powder and iron oxide powder (rust) in a ratio of 1:2.96. When ignited using an igniter, a vigorous reaction occurs, resulting in the formation of alumina and elemental iron, along with the release of a large amount of heat – the temperature can reach 3000°C, enough to melt the iron that is produced. Although this reaction does not cause an explosion, the high temperature it generates is extremely dangerous. Just think about it: what would it be like to have molten iron at a temperature of 3,000 degrees touching one’s body? It is said that in the past, aluminum thermite was used for welding railroad tracks outdoors, welding rebar on construction sites, and in the manufacture of armor-piercing bullets. The ignition temperature for the thermite reaction is relatively high; it’s likely impossible to ignite it using a lighter alone. Therefore, magnesium strips and potassium chlorate are needed to initiate the reaction. It’s like the relationship between matches, coal, and hay – it’s impossible to light coal directly with matches; however, if some hay is used as an aid, it becomes much easier. In the apparatus for the thermite reaction, the thermite is placed at the bottom, followed by a layer of potassium chlorate, with a magnesium strip inserted in the middle. When a reaction is needed, the magnesium strip is first ignited; the heat released by the burning of the magnesium strip causes potassium chlorate to decompose, producing oxygen. Then, the magnesium strip burns in oxygen, generating a large amount of heat that triggers the thermite reaction. After the thermite reaction begins, it releases a large amount of heat and the temperature becomes extremely high; therefore, care must be taken to ensure safety when initiating the reaction. When I was young, I seem to have heard about a formula for Hei**, called one nitrate, two sulfates, and three charcoal particles; it referred to molar ratios, and it was an incorrect formula. The correct formula is two nitrates, one sulfate, and three charcoal particles. The mass ratio of potassium nitrate, sulfur, and charcoal is 50.5 : 8 : 9. When black ** burns, the following chemical reaction takes place: 2KNO3 + S + 3C ==== K2S + N2 ↑ + 3CO2↑. The oxygen released as a result of the decomposition of potassium nitrate causes charcoal and sulfur to burn vigorously, releasing large amounts of heat as well as gases such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide in an instant. It is estimated that when each gram of black ** burns, it can produce 350 milliliters of gas. These gases expand further after absorbing the heat of the reaction, with the volume increasing by roughly a factor of a thousand. If this reaction occurs in a confined space, it will cause an explosion. At the moment of an explosion, the temperature can reach around 1000°C. If black ** and thermite are combined to create a \"firework shell\", what effect would that have? Using black powder as a power source, fireworks are launched into the sky; at the same time, the thermite is ignited. Then, black powder is used to propel the burning thermite in all directions. With a loud bang… If the colors seem too monotonous, other metals can be added to the mixture to facilitate combustion, resulting in a colorful and spectacular display. The original text has been shared; now it’s time to highlight the key points: Have you noticed that neither of these two reactions requires the presence of air? Why is that? Because rust and potassium nitrate have already provided sufficient oxygen for the reaction. This shows that compounds containing oxygen themselves can be dangerous, so care should be taken when storing them. For example, trinitrotoluene, nitroglycerin, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide… There are also some chemical substances that, although lacking oxygen, have extremely unstable chemical properties; they release large amounts of gas when subjected to severe impact. Examples include sodium azide, which is used in car airbags, and nitrogen iodide, which hunters use to kill foxes. Speaking of nitride iodide, this article is going to get longer again. When I was working on organic synthesis, the workshop next to us was working on a project to recover elemental iodine from iodine-containing wastewater. I don’t know who came up with the idea, but they used ammonia to adjust the pH level, and as a result, they accidentally synthesized a whole batch of nitrogen iodide, without anyone noticing it. Nitrogen iodide is a solid; once it is formed, it precipitates out of the wastewater and settles at the bottom of the tank. Until material is discharged from the tank, the outlet gets blocked. When a PTFE rod is used to poke inside, there is a crackling sound. Once the material that has been pushed out dries, a gentle footstep on it can cause it to explode. It was only later that I learned that it was the reaction between iodine and ammonia that produced nitrogen iodide; this substance has extremely unstable chemical properties, and dry nitrogen iodide can explode even from gentle friction with a feather. I heard that old hunters used nitrogen iodide in baits to blow up foxes. Time is limited, so that’s all for today. Follow me for new knowledge every day. -----Author: Wang Shibing