PCS7 learning experiences and materials!

This was summarized by someone else! I’d like to share it with everyone. The following are merely some summaries and my thoughts on my participation in the PCS7 training. If there are any mistakes, I hope experienced users can point them out. Hehe. 1. PCS7 is a platform that includes elements such as Libraries, CFC, SFC, SCL, WinCC, PDM, and Datebase. SFC stands for Sequence Function Chart, while CFC stands for Continuous Function Chart; WinCC is the upper-level software used for monitoring. PCS7 features vertical integration at its various levels: the highest level is ERP Enterprise, followed by ERP Factory, then MES, Next is CONTROL, and the lowest level is the Field. The main stations include ES, OS, Batch station, and AS (Automation Station, which refers to PLCs). PCS7 is only applicable to S7-400 models; it is not used with S7-300 models. When choosing a CPU, it is also necessary to consider whether it is suitable for PCS7. 2. A project can manage up to 12 server pairs, with each pair capable of connecting to up to 32 stations. 3. When the network architecture is OS Server Client, the OS reads data directly from the Server and performs operations on it. There is no data in the OS; all data is stored in the OS Server. As long as the Server operates normally, the condition of the OS has no impact on the AS. The underlying structure of the OS Server also enables data exchange through communication between servers. ES can read data directly from AS, or it can do so via Ethernet. 4. Fault-tolerant connections in S7 connections also require special software support. 5. If there is a Server, it’s not necessary to add a Monitor; the Server can be started directly. Nevertheless, it is still recommended to add a Monitor. 6. Time synchronization: We can choose to synchronize with the time of the AS or OS SERVER. 7. The name of the PC station must be the same as the computer name of each station; only by being connected to the network can downloading be carried out. 8. During the configuration of the PC station, WINCC Application Client refers to the operator station, while WINCC Application refers to the OS Server. WINCC Application (stby) denotes the standby mode of the OS Server. The content of the PC station configuration must be consistent with that of the station configuration. That is, after configuring the PC station, open the station configuration to add the corresponding settings. In the station configuration, the MAC address of the IE must be the same as that of the IE in the PC station. When using IE-GENERAL for communication, soft binding is required, and this also necessitates a license. With CP, soft binding is not required. One way to find the MAC address is: RUN----CMD---IPconfig/all to associate the redundant servers. Method: Select the OS under the primary server, click on its properties, choose Target OS and Standby OS computer, select Standby OS, and then define the path. Note: Only the primary server can select a redundant server; the reverse is not possible. 9. The addresses of digital signals are generally in the range of 0.0–0.7, 1.0–1.7, and 2.0–2.7, while the addresses of analog signals are usually in the ranges of 512–527 and 528–544. Each address is unique. 10. PS405 is powered by 24V, while PS407 is powered by 220V. The power supply duration can be found in the document \"S7300-400 Backup Battery Instructions v2.0\". 11. Lower-version CPUs can support CPUs of lower versions; lower versions cannot support higher ones. The S7 subnet ID is default and should not be modified. It is not recommended to change the general default values. 12. If the Profibus rate is set to 1.5 Mbps, then the devices connected to it must also be set to 1.5 Mbps; otherwise, communication will not be possible. The CPUs of the S7-400 models available nowadays have only two modes: RUN and STOP. Downloading hardware can cause the CPU to stop working, but there is a special case: a space has already been reserved for the new hardware to be added. When downloading the program, the CPU will definitely experience interruptions in its operation. Cold start: All data, including persisted data, will be deleted, and the user program will execute from scratch. Hot start: When a restart is performed, the user data, including the process image, remains unchanged, and the user program resumes execution from where it was interrupted (this is possible only with S7-400 CPUs). Warm start: When a warm start is performed, the process image and non-persistent data (M, T, C) are cleared. In the hardware configuration, the data (M, T, C) of the CPU that has a holding function, as well as the data blocks, will retain their original values. The user program starts executing from the beginning. 13. All programs are placed in different interrupt areas, such as OB30, OB31, OB32, and so on. When a large amount of program execution occurs, it is necessary to increase the memory. The number of diagnostic BUFFER entries can be adjusted in the Diagnostics/CLOCK section under CPU settings. 14. The hardware configuration can also be exported in the form of a file. Method: Go to hardware configuration, select Station----Export15. Set the number of layers for Plant view; in Plant view, right-click on the item name and choose Plant hierarchy---Settings. Once the number of layers is set, it will also automatically determine the hierarchy of the graphics. Hierarchy generation can only be done in the Plant view; the software configuration and programming for individual devices are both carried out in the Plant view. The hardware configuration is in the component view. For example: if a CFC is inserted in the Plant view, it will be displayed in the Component view. Inserting a CFC in the component view is not visible in the Plant view. 16. In the Cycle/Clock Memory option of the CPU properties, the value of Scan cycle load from communication% should not exceed 50%; otherwise, intermittent interruptions will occur. 17. In the Plant view, for the properties of the inverse key point process cell, select the controller to which it belongs in the AS-OS assignment. 18. To set the MPI/DP port to a DP port, you can directly click on the properties of MPI/DP and select DP. When the MPI/DP port is used as DP, a maximum of 32 devices can be connected to it. It is not recommended to use this as a DP port. Since devices on a standard PROFIBUS network are connected in series, the transmission rate is usually set at 1.5 Mbps. However, when SIMOCODE devices are used, the rate is set to 500 Kbps, as SIMOCODE devices are connected in a star topology, which results in a significantly lower transmission rate. There are restrictions such as the number of stops and distance; for details, see the document \"SIMOCODE PRO GETTING STARTED\". 19. Ways to increase DP include: 1. Increase CP443-5 by 2. Add IF 964-DP, namely the DP interface module 20. Method for editing symbolic addresses: 1. IO card attributes, edit symbol 2. The S7 programs in the S7-400—symbols 3: Edit them in an Excel sheet, and after editing, save them in the “dif” format. Go to the editing location described in 2, select import, locate the aforementioned file, and SAVE. 21. Method for updating hardware: Go to the hardware configuration, select OPTION---Install HW updates. The file format of the newly downloaded hardware is “xml”. 22. Downloading AS to the PLC: Start the download from the hardware configuration; don’t forget to download the network settings as well. When WINCC is connected to AS, WINCC always acts as the master, while AS always acts as the receiver. Of course, if there is a STANDBY SERVER, it also needs to be established over an AS connection. 23. For PC/PG connection settings, it is generally set to PC internal. 24. For PCS7 software configuration, the programming languages are STEP7: LAD, STL, FBD, SCL; for PCS7, they are CFC, SFC, SCL. In function blocks, inputs are usually on the left side and outputs on the right side. On the CFC editing page, there are 6 SHEETS per page; in the lower left corner, you can click to insert another page, similar to EXCEL. We usually place a LOOP within a CFC, and CFCs can be inserted at different levels. Operation: Drag the CFC module into the CFC table, click on its pins, select IO point connection, and the analog value will be displayed in green. An important setting before compiling a CFC: Open the CFC table, go to Options---Customize---Compile/Download, and specify the range for DB numbers from and FC numbers from; values within this range will be used by the system. If these ranges are not specified, the system will automatically overwrite any existing FCs. Select Compile; for the first compilation, the entire program must be compiled, while for the second compilation, you can choose ChangeOnly. Again, an SCL source file will be generated automatically in the source folder. If you select \"Generate module drives\" during the download, the system will automatically generate some diagnostic modules. By clicking on a module in the chart, you can see the OB**; for example, FC283 corresponds to OB35, which means that the execution of this program takes place in OB35. In OB35, you can open the CPU properties to see that OB35 has a time of 100ms, meaning that one scanning cycle takes 100ms. By clicking on the RUN SEQUENCE icon in the menu, you can see where this module will be executed; you can then drag it to another OB. Timing, and an understanding of timing, are very important in programming. The order in which the functional blocks are executed, that is, the sequence in which they are called, has an impact on response time; a proper sequence can help reduce the scanning time. That is, anything that can be done within one scanning cycle should be done within that cycle as much as possible. 25. Settings for communication between CPUs via MPI. Click on the project, select MPI, then use the inverse key to choose Define Global Data. Once inside, select CPU and set the data location.

Find a project to work on as practice; it can be handled with a simple configuration.

It’s not that easy to find a project to work on while the factory is operating normally; unless one is already working on projects, but it’s also difficult to get in if one lacks professional knowledge

Export the project backup, install software on your own computer, and follow the project and the reference manual to work through it – this will help you make progress.