“Three-furnace three-reverse slurry bed reaction system: three-series design

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In the slurry bed residue hydrogenation reaction system, the ‘echoes’ of delayed coking and residue hydrogenation can always be found. The delayed coking process features two furnaces and four towers, while residue hydrogenation uses two furnaces in two series; the slurry bed hot hydrogenation process involves three furnaces with three reactors each, all sharing the characteristic of ‘one furnace, one reactor, one control unit’. This serves as indirect evidence that the slurry bed mechanism is based on thermal cracking plus hydrocracking. In the slurry bed residue hydrogenation process, the hot hydrogen is supplied by one heater for each reactor, with each heater featuring a dual-chamber design that uses a 2:1 ratio of primary to secondary hydrogen ； Each series is equipped with independent RTMCS control and interlocking; the interlocking functions allow for shutting down a single furnace corresponding to a single reaction, activating the cold hydrogen bypass, preventing high flow rates from causing low pressure conditions, and closing the EBV valve for raw material hydrogen mixing ； Start-up, shutdown, and accident handling can be staggered across different series, while the establishment of the initial slurry bed layer and the addition of catalyst can be arranged according to priorities ； The three series enable “flexible” process options such as two-in-one-stop feeding and single-phase slag discharge, similar to those used in delayed coking and residue hydrogenation ； The advantages of the three-series design are also evident in the scalable design of the apparatus, which effectively overcomes the processing capacity limitations of single reactors due to their high height-to-diameter ratio of 10:1 and the associated flow velocity constraints. In summary, slurry bed, delayed coking, and residue hydrogenation are related processes; all of them are used to lighten residue, operate as part of a cohesive system, and share common goals and values!