What are the problems in dry gas recovery and utilization technologies, and what are the improvement measures?

Hydrogen production from dry gas 1. Process principle: Using catalytic dry gas as the raw material (with light naphtha as a temporary alternative), hydrogenation technology is employed to saturate the olefins in the raw material into alkanes, and impurities such as organic sulfur and organic chlorine are converted into inorganic sulfur and inorganic chlorine. Subsequently, HCl and H2S are removed through dechlorination and desulfurization reactors, resulting in a refined gas with a sulfur content of less than 0.5 ppm, a chlorine content of less than 1 ppm, and an olefin content of less than 0.1% (v). The refined feedstock is subjected to a steam reforming process, which converts hydrocarbons into H2, CO, and CO2. The CO present in the reformate gas is then converted into H2 and CO2 through medium-temperature shift reaction. Impurities such as residual CO, CO2, and CH4 in the reformate gas are removed using pressure swing adsorption (PSA) technology, thereby yielding product hydrogen with a purity of 99.9% (v) and a CO+CO2 concentration of less than 20 ppm. The steam reforming process for hydrogen production consists of steps such as feedstock purification, hydrocarbon steam reforming, and medium-temperature shift of CO. 1.1.1 During raw material purification, the raw gas is subjected to specific temperature, hydrogen pressure, and space velocity conditions; with the help of a hydrogenation catalyst, sulfides and chlorides in the raw gas are removed, thereby reducing the sulfur content in the gas to 0.2 ppm and the chlorine content to 1 ppm, thus ensuring the proper operation of the subsequent catalysts. 1.1.2 When the refined feed gas resulting from the conversion of hydrocarbon vapors reacts under certain pressure, temperature, space velocity, water-to-carbon ratio, and in the presence of a catalyst, the hydrocarbons and vapors are converted into gaseous hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with CO2 and a small amount of residual CH4 being produced as by-products. Under certain temperature, pressure, space velocity, water-to-gas ratio, and catalyst conditions, g64wF+T 1.1.3 conversion gas undergoes medium-temperature transformation, in which CO reacts with water to produce hydrogen and CO2. 2. Chemical reaction mechanism for hydrogen production 2.1 Sulfides in the feed hydrocarbons exist in various forms, generally classified as inorganic sulfides and organic sulfides. Organic sulfides cannot be removed directly through reaction with zinc oxide desulfurization agents; they must first be converted into inorganic sulfides through hydrogenation before they can be removed via oxidation and adsorption by zinc oxide. Organic sulfides in the feed materials typically include thiolues, thioethers, disulfides, and cyclic sulfides. The vast majority of sulfides in the feed gas are organic sulfides. The hydrogenation process also involves the conversion of organic chlorines into inorganic chlorines; high-activity metal oxides are used as active components. The dechlorinating agent reacts with hydrogen chloride and is fixed on a carrier, thereby achieving the removal of chlorides. 9 H8d$W3&K Thiol hydrogenation: R-SH+H2=RH+H2S+ a+ AVKUF1v$B Sulfide hydrogenation: R-S-R’+H2=RH+R’H+H2S 179Y%Cc$P6q Thiophene hydrogenation: C4H4S+4H4=C4H10+H2S Carbon disulfide hydrogenation: CS2+H2=CH4+H2S Zinc oxide desulfurization: H2S+ZnS+H2O6 g7@%G*B# H 2.2 Steam reforming of hydrocarbons involves converting hydrocarbons and steam into H2 and CO, with a small amount of residual CH4 remaining. CH4+H2O=CO+H2E%SHN&E. CO+H2O=CO2+H2F*} 2.3 Medium-temperature conversion of CO involves further reacting the CO in the reformate with water vapor to produce CO2 and hydrogen. 3. Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) _"@%7_g5{5 Pressure Swing Adsorption is a process for separating and purifying gas mixtures; it involves the physical adsorption of gas molecules on the surfaces within porous solid materials. Impurity components in mixed gases have a greater adsorption capacity at high pressures and a smaller adsorption capacity at low pressures; it is this principle that is utilized for the adsorption by adsorbents, enabling a cycle of adsorption and desorption. The order of adsorption of U9U0%H6O molecular sieves for common gas molecules is: H2＜N2＜CH4＜CO＜CO2. The order of adsorption of activated carbon for common gases is: H2＜N2＜CO＜CH4＜CO2

The dry gas produced, after desulfurization, is used as fuel gas; if there is excess, it can be used for hydrogen production from dry gas

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