Comparative Version of the Work Safety Law

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Articles 3 of the 2014 and 2021 versions: Work related to work safety should be people-oriented, adhere to safe development, and follow the principles of giving top priority to safety, focusing on prevention, and adopting comprehensive management approaches. It is necessary to strengthen and enforce the primary responsibilities of production and business entities, and establish a mechanism in which these entities take responsibility, employees participate, **regulatory authorities oversee the situation, and industry self-regulation as well as social supervision are implemented. Article 3: Work on work safety shall adhere to the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Work related to safe production should be people-oriented, adhering to the principle that the well-being of the people and their lives come first; protecting people’s lives must be given top priority. It is necessary to establish a concept of safe development and follow the guidelines of giving priority to safety, focusing on prevention, and adopting comprehensive management approaches in order to prevent and address major safety risks at their source. In work related to work safety, it is necessary to ensure that those responsible for managing industries, operations, and production activities also bear responsibility for safety. It is essential to strengthen and implement the primary responsibilities of production and business entities as well as their **supervisory duties. A mechanism should be established wherein production and business entities take responsibility, employees participate, **supervision is carried out, industries exercise self-regulation, and society provides oversight. Article 4: Production and business operation entities must abide by this Law and other laws and regulations regarding work safety, strengthen work safety management, establish and improve work safety responsibility systems and work safety rules and regulations, improve work safety conditions, promote the standardization of work safety, enhance work safety standards, and ensure work safety. Article 4: Production and business operation entities must abide by this Law and other laws and regulations related to work safety, strengthen work safety management, establish and improve a work safety responsibility system for all employees as well as relevant rules and regulations for work safety. They should increase investment in funds, materials, technology, and personnel for work safety, improve work safety conditions, enhance the standardization and informatization of work safety, establish a dual prevention mechanism for risk classification control and hazard identification and remediation, improve mechanisms for risk prevention and resolution, raise the level of work safety, and ensure safe production. Production and operation entities in emerging industries and fields such as the platform economy shall, in light of the characteristics of their respective industries and fields, establish and implement a comprehensive safety production responsibility system for all employees, strengthen safety production education and training for those employees, and fulfill the safety production obligations stipulated by this Law and other laws and regulations. Article 5 The principal responsible person of a production and operation entity is fully responsible for the entity’s work related to work safety. Article 5: The principal responsible person of a production and operation entity is the primary person accountable for safety in that entity, and is fully responsible for its safety work. Other responsible persons are accountable for work related to work safety within their areas of responsibility. Article 8 The State Council and the people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall formulate work safety plans in accordance with the national economic and social development plans, and organize their implementation. Safety production plans should be aligned with urban and rural planning. The State Council and people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall strengthen leadership over work related to work safety, support and urge relevant departments to fulfill their responsibilities for supervision and management of work safety in accordance with the law, establish and improve coordination mechanisms for work safety, and promptly coordinate and resolve major issues that arise in the supervision and management of work safety. The local authorities such as the people’s governments at the township and town levels, as well as those from sub-district offices and development zone management agencies, shall, in accordance with their responsibilities, strengthen supervision and inspection of the safety production conditions of production and business entities within their respective administrative areas, and assist the relevant higher-level authorities in fulfilling their duties related to safety production supervision and management in accordance with the law. Article 8 The State Council and the people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall formulate work safety plans in accordance with the national economic and social development plans, and organize their implementation. Safety production plans should be aligned with relevant plans such as territorial spatial planning. People’s governments at all levels **should strengthen the construction of infrastructure for work safety as well as the capacity for work safety supervision, with the necessary funds included in their respective budgets. People’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to establish and improve mechanisms for safety risk assessment and evaluation. In accordance with the requirements for safety risk management, they shall carry out industrial planning and spatial layout, and implement joint prevention and control measures for major safety risks among production and business entities that are located near each other, operate in similar industries, or engage in similar types of activities. Article 9 The State Council and the people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall strengthen leadership over work related to work safety, establish and improve coordination mechanisms for such work, support and urge relevant departments to fulfill their responsibilities for supervision and management of work safety in accordance with the law, and promptly coordinate and resolve major issues that arise in the supervision and management of work safety. Townships and town people’s governments, as well as sub-district offices, development zones, industrial parks, port areas, scenic areas, etc., should designate the relevant agencies responsible for work related to safety production supervision and management and define their responsibilities. They should strengthen the capacity for safety production supervision, conduct inspections and audits on the safety production conditions of enterprises within their respective administrative or management areas in accordance with their duties, and assist the relevant government departments or carry out safety production supervision and management tasks in accordance with the law as authorized. Article 9 The work safety supervision and administration department of the State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, exercise comprehensive supervision and administration over work safety across the country ； Local people’s work safety supervision and management departments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with this Law, exercise comprehensive supervision and management over work safety within their respective administrative regions. The relevant departments of the State Council, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and administrative regulations, exercise supervision and management over work safety in the relevant industries and fields within their respective areas of responsibility ； The relevant departments of the people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and regulations, exercise supervision and management over work safety in relevant industries and fields within their respective areas of responsibility. The departments responsible for work safety supervision and management, as well as those that oversee work safety in relevant industries and fields, are collectively referred to as departments with responsibilities for work safety supervision and management. Article 10 The emergency management department of the State Council shall, in accordance with this Law, exercise comprehensive supervision and management over work related to work safety across the country ； The emergency management departments of local people’s governments at all levels above the county level shall, in accordance with this Law, exercise comprehensive supervision and management over work related to work safety within their respective administrative regions. The relevant departments of the State Council, such as those in charge of transportation, housing and urban-rural development, water resources, and civil aviation, shall, in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws and administrative regulations, exercise supervision and management over work safety in the corresponding industries and fields within their respective areas of responsibility ； The relevant departments of the people’s governments at all local levels at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the provisions of this Law and other relevant laws and regulations, exercise supervision and management over work safety in relevant industries and fields within their respective areas of responsibility. Where the responsibilities for supervising and managing work safety in emerging industries and fields are not clear, the people’s governments at the county level and above shall designate the supervisory departments in accordance with the principle of similar functions. The emergency management departments and those responsible for supervising and managing work safety in relevant industries and fields are collectively referred to as departments with responsibilities for work safety supervision and management. The departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall cooperate with one another, work together, share information and resources, and strengthen the supervision and management of work safety in accordance with the law. Article 12: The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, for proposing projects related to mandatory safety production standards, organizing the drafting of such standards, seeking opinions, and conducting technical reviews. The emergency management department of the State Council formulates an overall plan for the establishment of mandatory **standards for work safety. The standardization administrative department under the State Council is responsible for the initiation, numbering, external notification, and authorization for the issuance of mandatory **standards for work safety. The administrative department for standardization under the State Council and relevant departments shall, in accordance with their statutory duties, supervise and inspect the implementation of mandatory **standards for work safety. Article 17 People’s governments at or above the county level shall organize the departments responsible for work safety supervision and management to formulate, in accordance with the law, lists of powers and responsibilities regarding work safety, and make these lists public while subjecting them to social oversight. Article 18 The principal responsible person of a production and operation entity shall bear the following responsibilities for the entity’s work related to work safety: (1) Establish and improve the entity’s work safety responsibility system ； (II) Organize the formulation of the unit’s safety production rules and regulations as well as operating procedures ； (III) Organize the formulation and implementation of the unit’s safety production education and training plans ； (IV) Ensure the effective implementation of investment in safety production within the unit ； (5) Supervise and inspect the unit’s work related to safe production, and promptly eliminate potential hazards that could lead to production safety accidents ； (VI) Organize the formulation and implementation of emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents within the unit ； (7) Report production safety accidents in a timely and truthful manner. Article 21 The principal responsible person of a production and business operation entity shall bear the following responsibilities for the entity’s work related to work safety: (1) Establish and implement a work safety responsibility system for all employees within the entity, and strengthen the development of work safety standardization ； (II) Organize the formulation and implementation of the unit’s safety production rules and regulations as well as operating procedures ； (III) Organize the formulation and implementation of the unit’s safety production education and training plans ； (IV) Ensure the effective implementation of investment in safety production within the unit ； (5) Organize the establishment and implementation of a dual-prevention mechanism for safety risk classification control and hazard identification and remediation; supervise and inspect the unit’s work in safety production, and promptly eliminate potential hazards that could lead to production safety accidents ； (VI) Organize the formulation and implementation of emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents within the unit ； (7) Report production safety accidents in a timely and truthful manner. Article 21 Mines, metal smelting enterprises, construction companies, road transportation entities, as well as entities engaged in the production, operation, and storage of hazardous materials shall establish safety production management institutions or appoint full-time safety production managers. Article 24 Mines, metal smelting enterprises, construction companies, transportation units, as well as entities engaged in the production, operation, storage, and handling of hazardous materials shall establish safety production management institutions or appoint full-time safety production managers. Article 22 The safety production management department and safety production management personnel of a production and operation entity shall perform the following duties: (1) Organize or participate in the formulation of the entity’s safety production rules and regulations, operating procedures, and emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents ； (II) Organize or participate in the work safety education and training within the unit, and keep accurate records of such education and training activities ； (III) Supervise the implementation of safety management measures for major hazard sources within the unit ； (IV) Organizing or participating in emergency rescue drills within the own unit ； (5) Inspect the unit’s safety production conditions, promptly identify potential hazards related to production safety accidents, and propose suggestions for improving safety production management ； (VI) Preventing and correcting acts of giving illegal instructions, forcing workers to carry out dangerous operations, and violating operating procedures ； (7) Supervise the implementation of safety improvement measures within the unit. Article 25 The work safety management institutions and work safety management personnel of production and business operations entities shall perform the following duties: (1) Organize or participate in the formulation of the entity’s work safety rules and regulations, operating procedures, and emergency rescue plans for work safety accidents ； (II) Organize or participate in the work safety education and training within the unit, and keep accurate records of such education and training activities ； (III) Organize the identification and assessment of hazard sources, and ensure that safety management measures for major hazard sources within the unit are implemented ； (IV) Organizing or participating in emergency rescue drills within the own unit ； (5) Inspect the unit’s safety production conditions, promptly identify potential hazards related to production safety accidents, and propose suggestions for improving safety production management ； (VI) Preventing and correcting acts of giving illegal instructions, forcing workers to carry out dangerous operations, and violating operating procedures ； (7) Supervise the implementation of safety improvement measures within the unit. Production and operation units may appoint a full-time person in charge of work safety to assist the principal responsible person of the unit in fulfilling work safety management duties. Article 24: The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of production and business operation entities must possess safety production knowledge and management capabilities appropriate to the production and business operations carried out by such entities. The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of entities that produce, operate, or store hazardous materials, as well as those in mining, metal smelting, construction, and road transportation industries, must pass assessments conducted by the competent departments responsible for safety production supervision to verify their knowledge of safety production and their management capabilities. Assessments must not be charged. Units that produce and store hazardous materials, as well as mining and metal smelting enterprises, shall have registered safety engineers engaged in work related to safe production management. Other production and business entities are encouraged to hire registered safety engineers to handle work safety management tasks. Registered safety engineers are managed by specialty; the specific measures shall be formulated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the State Council and the Ministry in charge of work safety supervision and management of the State Council, in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. Article 27: The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of production and business operation entities must possess safety production knowledge and management capabilities appropriate to the production and business operations carried out by such entities. The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of units engaged in the production, operation, storage, and handling of hazardous materials, as well as those in mining, metal smelting, construction, and transportation industries, must pass assessments conducted by the competent departments responsible for safety production supervision and management to verify their knowledge of safety production and their management capabilities. Assessments must not be charged. Units that produce, store, and handle hazardous materials, as well as mining and metal smelting enterprises, shall have registered safety engineers engaged in work related to safe production management. Other production and business entities are encouraged to hire registered safety engineers to handle work safety management tasks. Registered safety engineers are managed by specialty; the specific measures shall be formulated by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the State Council and the Ministry of Emergency Management of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. Article 33: The design, manufacture, installation, use, testing, maintenance, modification, and disposal of safety equipment shall comply with **standards or industry standards. Production and operation units must carry out regular maintenance and servicing of safety equipment, as well as periodic inspections, to ensure its proper operation. Records shall be kept of maintenance, upkeep, and inspections, and signed by relevant personnel. Article 36 The design, manufacture, installation, use, inspection, maintenance, renovation, and disposal of safety equipment shall comply with **standards or industry standards. Production and operation units must carry out regular maintenance and servicing of safety equipment, as well as periodic inspections, to ensure its proper operation. Records shall be kept of maintenance, upkeep, and inspections, and signed by relevant personnel. Production and business entities shall not shut down or damage monitoring, alarm, protective, or life-saving equipment and facilities that are directly related to production safety, nor shall they alter, conceal, or destroy any relevant data or information pertaining to them. Businesses in industries such as food service that use gas must install combustible gas alarm devices and ensure their proper operation. Article 37 Production and business operation entities shall keep records of major hazard sources, conduct regular testing, evaluation, and monitoring of them, formulate emergency response plans, and inform employees and relevant personnel of the emergency measures to be taken in case of an emergency. Production and operation units shall, in accordance with **relevant regulations**, file reports on their major hazard sources as well as the relevant safety and emergency measures with the local people’s **work safety supervision and management departments** and other relevant authorities. Article 40 Production and business operation entities shall keep records of major hazard sources, conduct regular testing, evaluation, and monitoring of them, formulate emergency response plans, and inform employees and relevant personnel of the emergency measures to be taken in case of an emergency. Production and operation entities shall, in accordance with **relevant regulations**, file records of their major hazard sources as well as the relevant safety measures and emergency response measures with the local people’s **emergency management departments** and other relevant authorities. Relevant local people’s **emergency management departments and relevant authorities shall share information through relevant information systems.** Article 38 Production and business operation entities shall establish and improve systems for identifying and addressing potential hazards related to production safety, and adopt technical and managerial measures to promptly detect and eliminate such hazards. The status of hazard identification and mitigation efforts must be recorded accurately, and communicated to the employees. The departments responsible for work safety supervision and management at the local people’s governments at all levels above the county level shall establish and improve systems for supervising the rectification of major accident hazards, in order to urge production and business operations entities to eliminate such hazards. Article 41 Production and business operation entities shall establish a system for hierarchical control of safety risks, and adopt corresponding control measures in accordance with the classification of such risks. Production and business operations entities shall establish and implement systems for identifying and addressing potential hazards related to production safety, and adopt technical and managerial measures to promptly detect and eliminate such hazards. The status of identifying and addressing potential accident hazards must be recorded accurately, and information thereon should be communicated to the employees through staff meetings or employee representative assemblies, as well as through information display boards. Among them, the progress in identifying and addressing major accident hazards shall be reported promptly to the departments responsible for work safety supervision and management, as well as to the workers’ assembly or workers’ representative council. Local people’s governments at or above the county level and departments responsible for work safety supervision and management shall include major accident hazards in relevant information systems, establish and improve a supervision system for the rectification of major accident hazards, and urge production and business operations entities to eliminate such hazards. Article 41 Production and business operation entities shall educate and urge their employees to strictly abide by the entity’s safety production rules and regulations as well as safety operating procedures ； It is also necessary to inform the workers truthfully about the hazardous factors present in the workplace and at their posts, as well as the preventive measures and emergency response procedures in case of accidents. Article 44 Production and business operation entities shall educate and urge their employees to strictly abide by the entity’s safety production rules and regulations as well as safety operating procedures ； It is also necessary to inform the workers truthfully about the hazardous factors present in the workplace and at their posts, as well as the preventive measures and emergency response procedures in case of accidents. Production and operation units should pay attention to the physical, psychological conditions and behavioral habits of their employees, provide them with better psychological support and emotional comfort, strictly enforce safety responsibilities at each work post, and prevent accidents resulting from abnormal behavior on the part of employees. Article 46: Production and business operation entities shall not subcontract or lease their production and business operations, premises, or equipment to entities or individuals that do not meet the safety production requirements or possess the necessary qualifications. When production and operation projects or premises are contracted out or leased to other entities, the production and operation entity shall enter into a separate agreement on work safety management with the contracting or leasing entity, or specify their respective responsibilities for work safety management in the contract or lease agreement ； Production and operation entities shall provide unified coordination and management of the work related to safety production by subcontracted and leased units, conduct regular safety inspections, and promptly urge rectification in case of any safety issues identified. Article 49: Production and business operation entities shall not subcontract or lease their production and business operations, premises, or equipment to entities or individuals that do not meet the safety production requirements or possess the necessary qualifications. When production and operation projects or premises are contracted out or leased to other entities, the production and operation entity shall enter into a separate agreement on work safety management with the contracting or leasing entity, or specify their respective responsibilities for work safety management in the contract or lease agreement ； Production and operation entities shall provide unified coordination and management of the work related to safety production by subcontracted and leased units, conduct regular safety inspections, and promptly urge rectification in case of any safety issues identified. Construction units for mining and metal smelting projects, as well as those for projects involved in the production, storage, and handling of hazardous materials, must strengthen the safety management of such projects. They are prohibited from reselling, renting, lending, or otherwise transferring their construction qualifications illegally, from subcontracting all the construction work they have been contracted to to third parties, or from breaking down such work into smaller tasks and subcontracting them to third parties under the guise of subcontracts. They are also not allowed to subcontract work to entities that do not possess the necessary qualifications. Article 48: Production and business operation entities must, in accordance with the law, participate in work-related injury insurance and pay insurance premiums for their employees. **Production and business entities are encouraged to purchase work safety liability insurance. Article 51 Production and business operation entities must, in accordance with the law, participate in work-related injury insurance and pay insurance premiums for their employees. **Production and business units are encouraged to purchase work safety liability insurance ； Production and operation units in **designated high-risk industries and sectors shall purchase work safety liability insurance. The specific scope and implementation methods shall be formulated by the emergency management department of the State Council in conjunction with the finance department of the State Council, the insurance regulatory authority of the State Council, and the relevant industry authorities. Article 53 Employees who have suffered damage as a result of work-related safety accidents shall, in addition to being entitled to work-related injury insurance in accordance with the law, also have the right to claim compensation in accordance with relevant civil laws; such employees may file a claim for compensation with their employer. Article 56: After a production safety accident occurs in a production or business operation entity, it shall take timely measures to provide assistance to the affected personnel. Employees who have suffered harm as a result of work-related safety accidents have the right to claim compensation in accordance with relevant civil laws, in addition to being entitled to work-related injury insurance under the law. Article 54: During the course of work, employees shall strictly abide by the unit’s safety production rules and regulations as well as operating procedures, comply with management instructions, and properly wear and use personal protective equipment. Article 57: During the course of their work, employees shall strictly fulfill their safety responsibilities at their posts, abide by the unit’s safety production rules and regulations as well as operating procedures, comply with management instructions, and properly wear and use personal protective equipment. Article 69: Institutions engaged in safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection shall possess the qualification requirements stipulated**, and shall be responsible for the results of such assessments, certifications, tests, and inspections. Article 72: Institutions responsible for safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection shall possess the qualification requirements stipulated**, and shall be accountable for the legality and authenticity of the safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection results they produce. The qualification requirements are established by the emergency management department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council. Organizations responsible for safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection shall establish and implement systems for making their services and reports public; they shall not lease out their qualifications, use them under false pretenses, or issue false reports. Article 70: Departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall establish a reporting system, make the reporting phone numbers, mailboxes, or email addresses public, and accept reports related to work safety ； After investigating and verifying the reported matters, written records shall be prepared ； Where corrective measures are required, they shall be submitted for approval by the relevant responsible person and followed up to ensure their implementation. Article 73: Departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall establish a reporting system, make public reporting telephone numbers, mailboxes, or email addresses and other online reporting platforms to accept reports related to work safety ； After investigating and verifying the reported matters, written records shall be prepared ； Where corrective measures are required, they shall be submitted for approval by the relevant responsible person and followed up to ensure their implementation. Matters that fall outside the scope of this department’s responsibilities and require investigation and handling by other relevant departments are referred to those departments for processing. Reports involving deaths shall be investigated and handled by the people’s ** organizations at or above the county level. Article 71: Any entity or individual has the right to report or inform the departments responsible for safety production supervision and management about potential accident hazards or illegal acts related to safety production. Article 74: Any entity or individual has the right to report or inform the departments responsible for safety production supervision and management about potential accident hazards or illegal acts related to safety production. If illegal acts related to work safety give rise to serious hazards that could lead to major accidents, thereby causing damage to **interests or the public interest, the people’s procuratorate may initiate public interest lawsuits in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Civil Procedure Law and the Administrative Procedure Law. Article 75: Departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall establish a database of information on work safety violations, and accurately record the information regarding such violations committed by production and business entities ； Production and business entities whose illegal activities are severe should be publicly announced, and the matter should be reported to the industry regulatory authorities, investment regulatory authorities, land and resources regulatory authorities, securities supervision agencies, as well as relevant financial institutions. Article 78: Departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall establish a database of information on work safety violations, and accurately record information regarding such violations committed by production and business operations entities and their relevant employees ； Production and business entities that commit serious illegal acts, as well as their relevant employees, should be publicly announced in a timely manner, and the matter should also be reported to the industry regulatory authorities, investment regulatory authorities, natural resources regulatory authorities, environmental protection agencies, securities supervision authorities, and relevant financial institutions. Relevant departments and agencies should impose joint disciplinary measures on production and business entities that engage in dishonest behavior, as well as their relevant employees, such as increasing the frequency of law enforcement inspections, suspending project approvals, raising relevant insurance premiums, and imposing industry or occupational bans, and making these measures public. The departments responsible for supervising and managing work safety should strengthen the timely collection, sharing, utilization, and disclosure of administrative penalty information related to production and business operations. Such information should be made public on the supervision and management department’s public disclosure system within seven working days after a penalty decision is imposed on a particular production or business entity, thereby enhancing social oversight of those entities that violate regulations or act in bad faith, as well as their relevant employees, and improving the overall level of integrity in work safety across society. Article 76 **Strengthen the development of emergency response capabilities for production safety accidents. Establish emergency rescue bases and teams in key industries and sectors. Encourage production and business entities as well as other social forces to set up emergency rescue teams, equip them with appropriate rescue equipment and supplies, and improve the professionalism of emergency rescue efforts. The department under the State Council responsible for work safety supervision and management establishes a unified national emergency rescue information system for work safety accidents, while the relevant departments of the State Council set up emergency rescue information systems for work safety accidents in their respective industries and fields. Article 79 **Strengthen the development of emergency response capabilities for production safety accidents; establish emergency rescue bases and teams in key industries and sectors, with unified coordination and command by the** production safety emergency rescue agencies ； Production and operation units as well as other social forces are encouraged to establish emergency rescue teams, equip them with the appropriate emergency rescue equipment and supplies, and improve the professionalism of emergency rescue efforts. The emergency management department under the State Council takes the lead in establishing a unified national emergency rescue information system for production safety accidents. Relevant departments of the State Council such as those in charge of transportation, housing and urban-rural development, water resources, and civil aviation, as well as local people’s governments at the county level and above, establish and improve emergency rescue information systems for production safety accidents in their respective industries, sectors, and regions, so as to achieve interconnection and information sharing. By implementing online collection of safety information, as well as safety supervision and monitoring and early warning systems, the precision and intelligence of supervision are enhanced. Article 77 People’s governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to formulate emergency rescue plans for work safety accidents within their respective administrative regions, and establish an emergency rescue system. Article 80 People’s governments at or above the county level shall organize relevant departments to formulate emergency rescue plans for work safety accidents within their respective administrative regions, and establish an emergency rescue system. Townships and town peoples’, sub-district offices, as well as development zones, industrial parks, port areas, scenic areas, etc., shall formulate corresponding emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents, and assist the relevant departments of the people’s governments or carry out their responsibilities for emergency rescue in case of production safety accidents in accordance with the law and as authorized. Article 83: Accident investigation and handling shall be conducted in accordance with the principles of scientific rigor, compliance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts, and emphasis on practical results. It is necessary to promptly and accurately determine the causes of the accident, identify its nature and those responsible, draw lessons from it, propose corrective measures, and put forward recommendations regarding the handling of those accountable for the accident. Accident investigation reports should be made public to the society in a timely manner in accordance with the law. The specific methods for accident investigation and handling shall be formulated by the State Council. The entity responsible for the accident shall promptly implement all necessary corrective measures, and the departments tasked with overseeing work safety shall strengthen supervision and inspection. Article 86: Accident investigation and handling shall be conducted in accordance with the principles of scientific rigor, compliance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts, and emphasis on practical results. It is necessary to promptly and accurately determine the causes of the accident, identify its nature and the responsibilities involved, assess the emergency response efforts, draw lessons from the accident, propose corrective measures, and offer recommendations regarding actions to be taken against the units and individuals responsible for the accident. Accident investigation reports should be made public to the society in a timely manner in accordance with the law. The specific methods for accident investigation and handling shall be formulated by the State Council. The entity responsible for the accident shall promptly implement all necessary corrective measures, and the departments tasked with overseeing work safety shall strengthen supervision and inspection. The relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments responsible for investigating and handling accidents shall, within one year after approving the accident investigation report, organize relevant departments to assess the implementation of measures taken to address the issues arising from the accident and to prevent similar incidents, and make the results of such assessments publicly available in a timely manner ； The relevant units and individuals who fail to fulfill their duties, resulting in the failure to implement corrective actions and preventive measures for accidents, should be held accountable in accordance with relevant regulations. Article 89: Institutions that carry out safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection tasks and issue false certificates shall have their illegal gains confiscated ； If the illegal gains amount to more than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than twice but not more than five times the amount of such illegal gains shall be imposed in addition ； If there are no illegal gains, or the illegal gains amount to less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed, either alone or in addition to other penalties ； Fines of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed on the supervisors who are directly responsible for it and other persons directly liable ； Those who cause damage to others shall bear joint and several liability for compensation together with the production and operation entity ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. For institutions that commit the illegal acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph, their corresponding qualifications shall be revoked. Article 92: If an institution responsible for safety assessment, certification, testing, or inspection issues false reports, it shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification and shall also be fined not less than 30,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan ； Those who cause damage to others shall bear liability for compensation in accordance with the law. If institutions responsible for safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection lease out their qualifications, operate under false pretenses, or issue false reports, their illegal gains shall be confiscated ； If the illegal gains amount to more than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than twice but not more than five times the amount of such illegal gains shall be imposed; if there are no illegal gains or the amount is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed, either alone or in addition to any other penalties ； The person in charge who is directly responsible for it, as well as other persons directly liable, shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan ； Those who cause damage to others shall bear joint and several liability for compensation together with the production and operation entity ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. For institutions that commit the illegal acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph and their directly responsible personnel, their relevant qualifications shall be revoked, and they shall not engage in activities such as safety assessment, certification, testing, and inspection for five years ； In serious cases, a lifetime ban on working in the industry and profession shall be imposed. Article 91 If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity fails to fulfill the safety management duties prescribed by this Law, he shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed, and the production or business operation entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity commits the illegal acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph, thereby causing a work safety accident, they shall be dismissed from their position ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If the person in charge of a production or business operation unit is subject to criminal punishment or dismissal in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he or she shall not serve as the person in charge of any production or business operation unit for five years from the date on which the punishment is completed or the dismissal takes effect ； Those held responsible for major or especially serious production safety accidents shall never be allowed to serve as the principal responsible persons of production and operation entities in the same industry for life. Article 94: If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity fails to fulfill the safety management duties prescribed by this law, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit and shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed, and the production or business operation entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity commits the illegal acts mentioned in the preceding paragraph, thereby causing a work safety accident, they shall be dismissed from their position ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If the person in charge of a production or business operation unit is subject to criminal punishment or dismissal in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, he or she shall not serve as the person in charge of any production or business operation unit for five years from the date on which the punishment is completed or the dismissal takes effect ； Those held responsible for major or especially serious production safety accidents shall never be allowed to serve as the principal responsible persons of production and operation entities in the same industry for life. Article 92: If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity fails to fulfill the safety management duties stipulated by this law, resulting in a work-related safety accident, the work safety supervision and administration department shall impose a fine in accordance with the following provisions: (1) In the case of an ordinary accident, a fine of 30 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed ； (II) In the event of a major accident, a fine of 40 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed ； (III) In the event of a major accident, a fine of 60 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed ； (IV) In the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of 80 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed. Article 95 If the principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity fails to fulfill the safety management duties prescribed by this law, resulting in a work-related safety accident, the emergency management department shall impose a fine in accordance with the following provisions: (1) In the case of an ordinary accident, a fine of 40 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed ； (2) In cases where a relatively serious accident occurs, a fine equal to 60% of the annual income from the previous year shall be imposed ； (III) In the event of a major accident, a fine of 80 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed ； (IV) In the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of 100 percent of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed. Article 93: If the safety management personnel of a production or business operation entity fail to fulfill the safety management duties prescribed by this law, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit ； If a production safety accident occurs, its qualifications related to safe production shall be suspended or revoked ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 96: If other responsible persons and safety production management personnel in a production or business operation entity fail to fulfill their safety production management duties as stipulated by this law, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan ； If a production safety accident occurs, its qualifications related to safe production shall be suspended or revoked, and a fine of not less than 20 percent but not more than 50 percent of its annual income from the previous year shall be imposed ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 94: If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and may be fined up to 50,000 yuan ； If the violations are not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and shall also be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible for such violations and other persons directly liable shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan: (1) Failing to establish a safety production management organization or assign safety production management personnel as required ； (II) The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of entities engaged in the production, operation, and storage of hazardous materials, as well as those in mining, metal smelting, construction, and road transportation industries, have not passed the required assessments ； (III) Failing to provide safety production education and training to employees, dispatched workers, and interns in accordance with regulations, or failing to inform them truthfully of relevant safety production matters as required ； (IV) Failing to record the safety production education and training activities accurately ； (5) Failing to accurately document the identification and rectification of potential accident hazards, or failing to inform employees thereof ； (6) Failing to formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents in accordance with regulations, or failing to organize regular drills ； (7) Special operation personnel engaging in work without having received the required specialized safety training and obtained the corresponding qualifications. Article 97: Where a production and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and shall also be fined up to 100,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and shall also be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible for such violations, as well as other individuals directly liable, shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan: (1) Failing to establish a safety production management organization or assign safety production managers or registered safety engineers as required ； (II) The principal persons in charge and safety production management personnel of units engaged in the production, operation, storage, and handling of hazardous materials, as well as those in mining, metal smelting, construction, and transportation industries, have not passed the required assessments ； (III) Failing to provide safety production education and training to employees, dispatched workers, and interns in accordance with regulations, or failing to inform them truthfully of relevant safety production matters as required ； (IV) Failing to record the safety production education and training activities accurately ； (5) Failing to accurately document the identification and rectification of potential accident hazards, or failing to inform employees thereof ； (6) Failing to formulate emergency rescue plans for production safety accidents in accordance with regulations, or failing to organize regular drills ； (7) Special operation personnel engaging in work without having received the required specialized safety training and obtained the corresponding qualifications. Article 95: Where a production and business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to halt construction or suspend production and business operations for rectification within a specified time limit ； If no correction is made within the stipulated time limit, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed; moreover, a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed on the directly responsible supervisors and other directly responsible personnel ； Where a crime is committed, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) Failing to conduct a safety assessment on mining operations, metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous substances as required ； (II) Mining and metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous materials, lack safety facility designs, or such designs have not been submitted to the relevant authorities for review and approval in accordance with regulations ； (III) The construction unit of a mine, metal smelting construction project, or a construction project used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous materials fails to construct in accordance with the approved safety facility design ； (IV) Before mines, metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects intended for the production or storage of hazardous materials are put into operation or use, their safety facilities have not been inspected and found to be compliant. Article 98 If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to suspend construction or cease production and operations for rectification within a specified time limit; in addition, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed on it, and fines of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed; fines of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable for the violation ； Where a crime is committed, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) Failing to conduct a safety assessment on mining operations, metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous substances as required ； (II) Mining and metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous materials, lack safety facility designs, or such designs have not been submitted to the relevant authorities for review and approval in accordance with regulations ； (III) The construction unit of a mine, metal smelting construction project, or a construction project used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous materials fails to construct in accordance with the approved safety facility design ； (IV) Before mines, metal smelting construction projects, or construction projects used for the production, storage, or handling of hazardous materials are put into operation, the safety facilities have not been inspected and found to be compliant. Article 96 If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and may be fined up to 50,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed; fines of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable for the violation ； In cases of serious circumstances, orders shall be issued to suspend operations for rectification ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) Failing to install obvious safety warning signs in production and business operations sites as well as related facilities and equipment where there are significant risk factors ； (II) The installation, use, inspection, modification, and disposal of safety equipment do not comply with **standards or industry standards ； (III) Failure to carry out regular maintenance, upkeep, and periodic inspections of safety equipment ； (IV) Failing to provide employees with labor protection equipment that meets **standards or industry standards ； (5) The containers and transportation vehicles for hazardous materials, as well as the special equipment used in offshore oil drilling and in underground mines that pose a significant risk to human safety, are put into use without first undergoing inspection and testing by a qualified professional institution to obtain a certificate of safe use or a safety mark ； (6) Using processes or equipment that are obsolete and pose a threat to production safety. Article 99 If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit and shall be fined not more than 50,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed; fines of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable for the violation ； In cases of serious circumstances, orders shall be issued to suspend operations for rectification ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) Failing to install obvious safety warning signs in production and business operations sites as well as related facilities and equipment where there are significant risk factors ； (II) The installation, use, inspection, modification, and disposal of safety equipment do not comply with **standards or industry standards ； (III) Failure to carry out regular maintenance, upkeep, and periodic inspections of safety equipment ； (IV) Shutting down or damaging monitoring, alarm, protection, and life-saving equipment and facilities that are directly related to production safety, or altering, concealing, or destroying relevant data and information thereof ； (5) Failing to provide employees with labor protection equipment that meets **standards or industry standards ； (6) The containers and transportation vehicles for hazardous materials, as well as the special equipment used in offshore oil drilling and in underground mines that pose a significant risk to human safety, are put into use without first undergoing inspection and testing by a qualified professional institution to obtain a certificate of safe use or a safety mark ； (7) Using processes or equipment that are obsolete and pose a threat to production safety. (8) Production and operation units in industries such as catering that use gas but fail to install combustible gas alarm devices. Article 98 If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and may be fined up to 100,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and shall also be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible as well as other persons directly liable for the violation shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) In the case of producing, operating, transporting, storing, using hazardous materials or disposing of discarded hazardous materials, without establishing specialized safety management systems or taking reliable safety measures ； (II) Failing to register and file records for major hazard sources, or failing to conduct assessments or monitoring, or failing to formulate emergency response plans ； (III) Carrying out blasting, lifting, and other hazardous operations specified by the State Council’s department in charge of work safety supervision and management in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, without assigning dedicated personnel to manage safety on site ； (IV) Failing to establish a system for identifying and addressing potential accident hazards. Article 101: If a production or business operation entity commits any of the following acts, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit and shall be fined not more than 100,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and shall also be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible as well as other persons directly liable for the violation shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law: (1) In the case of producing, operating, transporting, storing, using hazardous materials or disposing of discarded hazardous materials, without establishing specialized safety management systems or taking reliable safety measures ； (II) Failing to register and document major hazard sources, failing to conduct regular inspections, assessments, and monitoring, failing to develop emergency response plans, or failing to inform about emergency measures ； (III) Carrying out blasting, lifting, hot work, temporary power use, and other hazardous operations specified by the emergency management department of the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council, without assigning dedicated personnel to manage safety on site ； (IV) Failing to establish a system for hierarchical control of safety risks, or failing to take corresponding control measures in accordance with the hierarchical classification of such risks ； (5) Failing to establish a system for identifying and addressing potential accident hazards, or failing to report on the identification and handling of major potential accident hazards as required. Article 99: If a production or business operation entity fails to take measures to eliminate potential accident hazards, it shall be ordered to do so immediately or within a specified time limit ； If the production and operation entity refuses to comply, it shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and shall also be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible for this situation And other persons directly liable shall be fined not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan. Article 102: If a production or business operation entity fails to take measures to eliminate potential accident hazards, it shall be ordered to do so immediately or within a specified time limit, and shall be fined not more than 50,000 yuan ； If the production and operation entity refuses to comply, it shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification, and the persons in charge who are directly responsible as well as other persons directly liable shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 100: If a production or business operation entity assigns or leases its production or business operations, premises, or equipment to entities or individuals that do not meet the safety production requirements or possess the necessary qualifications, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and any illegal gains shall be confiscated ； If the illegal gains amount to 100,000 yuan or more, a fine of not less than twice but not more than five times the amount of such illegal gains shall be imposed ； If there are no illegal gains, or the illegal gains amount to less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed, either alone or in addition to other penalties ； A fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on the person in charge who is directly responsible for it and other persons directly liable ； Those who cause production safety accidents that result in harm to others shall bear joint and several liability for compensation together with the contractor and lessee. If a production or business operation entity fails to enter into a separate safety management agreement with contracting or leasing units, or fails to specify their respective safety management responsibilities in the contracting or leasing agreements, or fails to provide unified coordination and management of safety matters for such contracting or leasing units, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit; a fine of up to 50,000 yuan may be imposed, and a fine of up to 10,000 yuan may be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible as well as other persons directly liable ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. Article 103: If a production or business operation entity assigns or leases its production or business operations, premises, or equipment to entities or individuals that do not meet the safety production requirements or lack the necessary qualifications, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and any illegal gains shall be confiscated ； If the illegal gains amount to 100,000 yuan or more, a fine of not less than twice but not more than five times the amount of such illegal gains shall be imposed ； If there are no illegal gains, or the illegal gains amount to less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed, either alone or in addition to other penalties ； A fine of not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed on the person in charge who is directly responsible for it and other persons directly liable ； Those who cause production safety accidents that result in harm to others shall bear joint and several liability for compensation together with the contractor and lessee. If a production or business operation entity fails to enter into a specific agreement on work safety management with contracting or leasing entities, or fails to specify their respective responsibilities for work safety management in the contracting or leasing agreements, or fails to provide unified coordination and management of work safety for such entities, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit; a fine of up to 50,000 yuan shall be imposed, and a fine of up to 10,000 yuan shall be imposed on the persons in charge who are directly responsible and other persons directly liable ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. If the construction units of mining and metal smelting projects, as well as those of projects used for the production, storage, and handling of hazardous materials, fail to carry out safety management for such projects in accordance with the regulations, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit and fined up to 100,000 yuan; the persons in charge who are directly responsible for this situation and other persons directly liable shall be fined up to 20,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, the entity shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification. If any of the construction companies mentioned above resell, lease, lend, assign their construction qualifications in any other manner, or transfer them illegally, they shall be ordered to suspend operations for rectification; their qualification certificates shall be revoked, and any illegal gains obtained shall be confiscated ； If the illegal gains amount to 100,000 yuan or more, a fine of not less than twice but not more than five times the amount of such illegal gains shall be imposed; if there are no illegal gains or the amount is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed, either alone or in addition to any other penalties ； The person in charge who is directly responsible for it, as well as other persons directly liable, shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 104: If employees of a production or business operation unit fail to comply with management requirements or violate safety production rules and regulations or operating procedures, the unit shall give them criticism and education, and impose sanctions in accordance with relevant rules and regulations ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 107: If the employees of a production or business operation entity fail to fulfill their safety responsibilities at their posts, do not comply with management requirements, or violate safety production regulations or operating procedures, the entity shall give them criticism and education, and impose sanctions in accordance with relevant regulations ； If a crime is constituted, criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. Article 109: If production and operation entities in high-risk industries and fields fail to purchase work safety liability insurance in accordance with **provisions, they shall be ordered to make corrections within a specified time limit, and shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan ； If the violation is not corrected within the prescribed time, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 200,000 yuan shall be imposed. Article 112: If a production or business operation entity violates the provisions of this Law, is ordered to make corrections and is subject to a fine penalty, but still refuses to make the necessary corrections, the department responsible for safety production supervision and management may impose continuous daily penalties at the original amount specified in the penalty, starting from the day following the date on which the order to make corrections was issued. Article 108: If a production or business operation entity does not meet the safety production requirements stipulated by this Law, as well as other relevant laws, administrative regulations, and **standards or industry standards, and still fails to meet such requirements even after suspension of operations for rectification, it shall be shut down ； The relevant authorities should revoke their relevant licenses and permits in accordance with the law. Article 113: If a production or business operation entity falls under any of the following circumstances, the department responsible for safety production supervision and management shall request the local people’s government to order its closure, and the relevant departments shall revoke its relevant licenses and permits in accordance with the law. The principal responsible person of a production or business operation entity shall not serve as the principal responsible person of any other production or business operation entity within five years ； In cases of serious circumstances, such individuals shall be prohibited from serving as the principal responsible persons of production and operation entities in this industry for life: (1) Where there are major accident hazards, and they have received administrative penalties stipulated by this law three times within 180 days or four times within one year ； (II) Even after suspension of production and business for rectification, it still fails to meet the safety production requirements stipulated by laws, administrative regulations, **standards, or industry standards ； (III) Failing to meet the safety production requirements stipulated by laws, administrative regulations, and **standards or industry standards, resulting in major or extremely serious production safety accidents ； (IV) Refusing to comply with the decision to suspend operations for rectification issued by the department responsible for work safety supervision and management. Article 109: In the event of a work safety accident, in addition to requiring the responsible production and business operation entity to bear corresponding liabilities such as compensation in accordance with the law, the work safety supervision and management department shall impose a fine in accordance with the following provisions: (1) In cases of a general accident, a fine of not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed ； (II) In the event of a major accident, a fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 1,000,000 yuan shall be imposed ； (III) In the event of a major accident, a fine of not less than 1 million yuan but not more than 5 million yuan shall be imposed ； (IV) In the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of not less than 5 million yuan but not more than 10 million yuan shall be imposed ； In cases of particularly serious circumstances, a fine of not less than 10 million yuan but not more than 20 million yuan shall be imposed. Article 114: In the event of a work safety accident, in addition to requiring the responsible production and business operation entity to assume corresponding compensation obligations in accordance with the law, the emergency management department shall impose a fine in accordance with the following provisions: (1) In the case of a minor accident, a fine of not less than 300,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed ； (II) In the event of a major accident, a fine of not less than 1 million yuan but not more than 2 million yuan shall be imposed ； (III) In the event of a major accident, a fine of not less than 2 million yuan but not more than 10 million yuan shall be imposed ； (IV) In the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of not less than 10 million yuan but not more than 20 million yuan shall be imposed. In the event of a production safety accident that is particularly serious and has especially severe consequences, the emergency management department may impose a fine on the responsible production or business entity ranging from twice to five times the amount specified in the preceding paragraph. Article 110 The administrative penalties stipulated in this Law shall be decided by the work safety supervision and management department and other departments responsible for work safety supervision and management, in accordance with their respective duties. The administrative penalty of closure shall be decided by the people’s ** at or above the county level, upon submission by the department responsible for work safety supervision and management, in accordance with the authorities stipulated by the State Council ； The administrative penalty of detention is determined by the public security organs in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Penalties for Public Security Offenses. Article 115: The administrative penalties prescribed in these regulations shall be determined by the emergency management department and other departments responsible for work safety supervision and management, in accordance with their respective responsibilities ； Among them, where administrative penalties should be imposed on the production and operation entities in the civil aviation, railway, and power industries, as well as their principal responsible persons, in accordance with the provisions of Articles 95, 110, and 114 of this Law, such penalties may also be imposed by the competent departments responsible for work safety supervision and management. The administrative penalty of closure shall be decided by the people’s government at or above the county level, upon submission by the department responsible for safety production supervision and management, in accordance with the authorities stipulated by the State Council ； The administrative penalty of detention is determined by the public security authorities in accordance with the provisions on penalties for public order violations. Article 113: The criteria for classifying general production safety accidents, relatively serious accidents, major accidents, and especially serious accidents as stipulated in these regulations shall be determined by the State Council. The work safety supervision and management department of the State Council and other departments responsible for work safety supervision and management shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, establish criteria for identifying major accident hazards in relevant industries and fields. Article 118: The criteria for classifying general production safety accidents, relatively serious accidents, major accidents, and especially serious accidents as stipulated in these regulations shall be determined by the State Council. The emergency management department of the State Council and other departments responsible for supervision and management of work safety shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, establish identification criteria for major hazard sources in relevant industries and fields, as well as criteria for determining potential major accidents.