Full text of the Central Government’s 14th Five-Year Plan recommendations

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(Adopted at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on October 29, 2020) The 14th Five-Year Plan period is the first five-year phase after China has completed the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieved its first centenary goal; it is a time to build on this success and embark on a new journey toward the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country, with the aim of achieving the second centenary goal. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China conducted an in-depth analysis of the international and domestic situations, and put forward guidelines for formulating the 14th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development as well as the long-term goals for 2035. I. Completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and embarking on a new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country 1. Decisive achievements have been made in completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects. “The 13th Five-Year Plan period is the decisive stage for building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Faced with the complex international situation and the arduous tasks of domestic reform, development, and stability, especially the severe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Party, with Comrade ** at its core, remains true to its original aspirations and mission. It unites and leads the entire Party and people of all ethnic groups in China to forge ahead, innovate, and work hard to advance all the causes of the Party and **. Significant breakthroughs have been achieved in comprehensively deepening reform, substantial progress has been made in governing the country according to law, and important results have been obtained in exercising strict governance over the Party. The modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities has accelerated, further highlighting the advantages of China’s leadership and its socialist system. Economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, and overall national power have reached new heights; economic operations have remained stable, and the economic structure has continued to improve. It is estimated that the GDP will exceed 100 trillion yuan by 2020. The achievements in poverty alleviation are remarkable – 55.75 million rural poor people have been lifted out of poverty. The annual grain production has remained above 1.3 trillion jin for five consecutive years. Efforts to prevent and control pollution have intensified, leading to significant improvements in the ecological environment. China’s openness to the outside world has continued to expand, and the Belt and Road Initiative has yielded fruitful results. The living standards of the people have improved markedly; higher education has entered an era of universal access. More than 60 million new jobs have been created in urban areas, and China now has the largest social security system in the world, with basic medical insurance covering over 1.3 billion people and basic pension insurance covering nearly 1 billion people. Major strategic successes have been achieved in the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. The cultural sector and cultural industries have thrived. The level of defense and military development has improved significantly, with major changes taking place in the organizational structure of the military. National security has been strengthened across the board, maintaining social harmony and stability. “The goals and tasks set out in the 13th Five-Year Plan are on the verge of being achieved; the comprehensive building of a modern socialist society is within sight. A new major step has been taken toward the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and socialist China stands taller in the East. The entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country must make continued efforts with renewed determination to ensure that the battle against poverty is won on schedule, and to ensure that a moderately prosperous society in all respects is established on schedule as well as that the first centenary goal is achieved, thus laying a solid foundation for embarking on a new journey toward building a modern socialist country in all respects. 2. The development environment in our country is facing profound and complex changes. At present and for some time to come, China’s development remains in a period of significant strategic opportunities, yet both opportunities and challenges have undergone new developments and changes. Today’s world is undergoing changes unseen in a century. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is progressing deeply; the balance of international power is undergoing profound adjustments. Peace and development remain the themes of our times, and the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind has taken root in people’s hearts. At the same time, the international environment is becoming increasingly complex, with notable rises in instability and uncertainty. The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching effects; economic globalization is facing headwinds; the world has entered a period of turbulence and transformation. Unilateralism, protectionism, and hegemonism pose threats to world peace and development. Our country has entered a stage of high-quality development, boasting significant institutional advantages, improved governance efficiency, a positive economic trend over the long term, a solid material foundation, abundant human resources, vast market opportunities, strong resilience in development, and overall social stability. There are many advantages and conditions that support further development. At the same time, issues of unbalanced and inadequate development in our country remain prominent; reform tasks in key areas and critical links are still arduous. Our innovation capacity does not meet the requirements of high-quality development, the agricultural foundation is still weak, there are large disparities in development between urban and rural areas as well as among different regions, significant efforts are needed in ecological protection, there are shortcomings in ensuring people’s livelihoods, and weaknesses exist in social governance. The entire Party must take into account both the strategic vision for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the profound changes occurring in the world over the past century. It is necessary to fully understand the new characteristics and requirements arising from the changes in the main contradictions within Chinese society, as well as the new contradictions and challenges posed by the complex international environment. We must enhance our awareness of opportunities and risks, base our actions on the basic realities of the primary stage of socialism, maintain strategic focus, and do well in our own affairs. We need to understand and grasp the laws of development, uphold the spirit of struggle, adopt a mindset focused on maintaining minimum standards, accurately identify changes, respond scientifically to them, and proactively seek change. We must be able to turn crises into opportunities and create new prospects amidst changing circumstances, seize opportunities, address challenges, avoid harm, and move forward with determination. 3. By 2035, basically achieve the long-term goals of socialist modernization. The Party has made a strategic plan to achieve the second centenary goal in two phases: by 2035, socialism will be basically modernized; and by the middle of this century, China will be built into a great modern socialist country that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful. Looking ahead to 2035, China’s economic strength, technological capabilities, and overall national power will see a significant boost. The total economic volume as well as the per capita income of urban and rural residents will reach new heights. Major breakthroughs will be achieved in key core technologies, enabling China to rank among the leaders in innovation. New-type industrialization, informatization, urbanization, and agricultural modernization will be largely achieved, giving rise to a modern economic system. The modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities will also be largely accomplished, ensuring that people have full rights to equal participation and development. A society governed by the rule of law will be basically established. China will become a strong country in culture, education, talent development, sports, and public health, with improved national quality and social civilization, as well as significantly enhanced cultural soft power. Green production and lifestyle patterns will be widely adopted; carbon emissions will peak and then start to decline, leading to a substantial improvement in the ecological environment, and the goals for building a beautiful China will be largely achieved. A new pattern of opening up to the outside world will emerge, with enhanced advantages in participating in international economic cooperation and competition. The per capita GDP will reach the level of moderately developed countries, the middle-income group will expand significantly, basic public services will be made more equitable, and the gaps in development between urban and rural areas as well as among different groups of residents will narrow considerably. The construction of a safe China will reach a higher level, and modernization of national defense and the military will be largely achieved. People’s lives will become better, with more tangible progress made toward the comprehensive development of individuals and common prosperity for all citizens. II. Guiding Principles and Main Objectives for Economic and Social Development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period 4. Guiding ideology for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period. Holding high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we thoroughly implement the spirit of the Party’s * and the second, third, fourth, and fifth plenary sessions of the 19th Central Committee. Guided by Marxism-Leninism, * Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, the important thought of \"Three Represents,\" the Scientific Outlook on Development, and ** Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, we fully apply the Party’s basic theories, lines, and strategies. We advance in an integrated manner the overall plan for economic development, political development, cultural development, social development, and ecological civilization construction, and coordinate the strategic efforts to build a modern socialist ** in all respects, deepen reforms in all areas, govern the country according to law in all aspects, and enforce strict party discipline throughout. We unswervingly uphold the new development philosophy of innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing. Adhering to the general principle of making progress while maintaining stability, with high-quality development as the theme, deepening supply-side structural reforms as the main focus, and reform and innovation as the driving force, we aim to meet the people’s growing needs for a better life. We balance development and security, accelerate the building of a modern economic system, and foster a new development pattern characterized by a domestic cycle as the core, with the domestic and international cycles complementing each other. We promote the modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities, so as to ensure stable and sustainable economic growth and a peaceful and harmonious society, thus laying a solid foundation for the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist **. 5. Principles that must be followed in economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. ——Adhere to the Party’s overall leadership. We will uphold and improve the systems and mechanisms for the Party to lead economic and social development, as well as the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will continuously enhance our ability and capacity to implement the new development concepts and build a new development pattern, thereby providing a fundamental guarantee for achieving high-quality development. ——Adhere to a people-centered approach. Adhere to the fundamental position of the people, pursue common prosperity, ensure that development is for the people, driven by the people, and its benefits are shared by the people; safeguard the fundamental interests of the people, stimulate their enthusiasm, initiative, and creativity, promote social fairness, improve people’s well-being, and continuously fulfill the people’s aspirations for a better life. ——Adhere to the new development concept. Integrate the new development concepts into the entire process and all areas of development, build a new development pattern, effectively transform the mode of development, promote changes in quality, efficiency, and driving forces, and achieve development that is of higher quality, more efficient, fairer, more sustainable, and safer. ——Persist in deepening reform and opening up. We will unswervingly push forward reform and expand openness, strengthen the modernization of the governance system and governance capabilities, remove institutional and systemic barriers that hinder high-quality development and a high-quality life, implement major reform and opening-up measures that help improve the efficiency of resource allocation and boost the enthusiasm of the whole society, and continuously enhance the momentum and vitality for development. ——Adhere to a systematic perspective. We must strengthen forward-looking thinking, comprehensive planning, strategic deployment, and overall advancement, coordinate the domestic and international situations, handle well the two major tasks of development and security, adhere to a unified national approach, give better play to the enthusiasm of the central government, local governments, and all sectors, focus on strengthening foundations, leveraging advantages, addressing weaknesses, and improving shortcomings, pay attention to preventing and defusing major risks and challenges, and achieve unity among development quality, structure, scale, speed, efficiency, and safety. 6. Main goals for economic and social development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Guided by the long-term goals for 2035, and taking into account both domestic and international development trends as well as China’s development conditions, we will combine goal orientation with problem orientation, and uphold the unity of upholding fundamental principles and pursuing innovation. Over the next five years, we aim to achieve the following main objectives in economic and social development. ——New achievements have been made in economic development. Development is the foundation and key to solving all of China’s problems. To achieve development, it is necessary to adhere to the new development philosophy, fostering sustained and healthy economic growth on the basis of significant improvements in quality and efficiency. Growth potential should be fully utilized, the domestic market strengthened, the economic structure optimized, innovation capabilities markedly enhanced, the industrial base upgraded, and the modernization level of industrial chains improved. The agricultural foundation should be made more solid, coordination in urban-rural and regional development enhanced, and significant progress made in building a modern economic system. ——New steps have been taken in reform and opening up. The socialist market economic system has been further improved; a high-standard market system has been basically established; market entities have become more dynamic; significant progress has been made in reforming property rights systems and the market-based allocation of factors; the system for fair competition has been strengthened; and a new type of open economy at a higher level has been essentially formed. ——The level of social civilization has reached a new height. The core socialist values have taken root in people's hearts, leading to a significant improvement in their ideological and moral standards, as well as their scientific, cultural knowledge and physical and mental health. The public cultural service system and the cultural industry have become more robust, enriching people's spiritual and cultural lives. The influence of Chinese culture has increased further, and the cohesion of the Chinese nation has been strengthened. ——New progress has been made in the development of ecological civilization. The pattern of land and spatial development and protection has been optimized; significant progress has been made in the green transformation of production and lifestyle patterns. Energy resources are allocated more rationally, and their utilization efficiency has increased substantially. The total emissions of major pollutants continue to decline, the ecological environment keeps improving, the ecological security barriers have become stronger, and the living conditions in both urban and rural areas have seen notable improvements. ——People's well-being has reached a new level. Achieve more full and higher-quality employment, ensure that residents’ income grows in line with economic growth, significantly improve the distribution structure, markedly enhance the equalization of basic public services, continuously raise the education level of the entire population, strengthen the multi-level social security system, improve the health system, consolidate and expand the achievements made in poverty alleviation, and advance the rural revitalization strategy in an all-round manner. ——**Governance efficiency has been further improved. Socialism features a more robust rule of law, with greater emphasis on social fairness and justice. The administrative system has been improved, enabling it to fulfill its functions more effectively; administrative efficiency and credibility have seen significant improvements. The level of social governance, especially at the grassroots level, has improved markedly. Mechanisms for preventing and addressing major risks have been further strengthened, emergency response capabilities for public incidents have improved considerably, and the ability to defend against natural disasters has enhanced significantly. Safeguards for development have become more effective, and significant progress has been made in the modernization of national defense and the military. III. Adhere to innovation-driven development and comprehensively build new advantages for growth. Maintain the central role of innovation in China’s overall modernization drive, and regard self-reliance and strength in science and technology as a strategic foundation for development. By focusing on the frontiers of global science and technology, the key areas of economic activity, major societal needs, and the health of the people, we will thoroughly implement strategies for strengthening the country through science and education, by developing talent, and through innovation. We will improve the innovation system and accelerate the building of a strong country in science and technology. 7. Strengthen **strategic scientific and technological capabilities. Formulate an action plan to build a strong country in science and technology, improve the new national system under the conditions of a socialist market economy, tackle the challenges related to key core technologies, and enhance the overall efficiency of the innovation chain. Strengthen basic research and focus on original innovation, optimize the layout of disciplines and research areas, promote interdisciplinary integration, and improve the supply system for common basic technologies. Focusing on cutting-edge fields such as artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuits, life and health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace technology, and deep earth and sea exploration, a number of forward-looking and strategic **major scientific and technological projects** will be carried out. Formulate and implement strategic scientific plans and scientific projects to promote the optimal allocation of research resources and their sharing among research institutions, universities, and enterprises. Advance **laboratory construction and reorganize** the system of key laboratories. Develop comprehensive **science centers and regional innovation hubs, to support Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in becoming international centers for scientific and technological innovation. Build a **high-end platform for the exchange of research papers and scientific and technological information.** 8. Enhance the enterprise’s technological innovation capabilities. Strengthen the role of enterprises as the main drivers of innovation, and promote the aggregation of various innovation elements within enterprises. Promote deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and support enterprises in taking the lead in forming innovation consortia to undertake **major scientific and technological projects. Give full play to the important role of entrepreneurs in technological innovation; encourage enterprises to increase their R&D investment; and provide tax incentives for enterprises’ investment in basic research. Leverage the leading and supporting role of large enterprises to help innovative small, medium, and micro enterprises develop into important hubs for innovation; strengthen the construction of common technology platforms, and promote integrated innovation across all stages of the industrial chain as well as among large, medium, and small enterprises. 9. Stimulate the innovative vitality of talents. Adhere to the principle of respecting labor, knowledge, talent, and innovation; deepen reforms in the systems and mechanisms for talent development; cultivate, attract, and make effective use of talent in all aspects; foster more world-class scientific and technological leaders and innovative teams; and build a reserve of young scientific and technological talents with international competitiveness. Improve the evaluation system for scientific and technological talents, one that is oriented toward innovation capacity, quality, practical results, and contributions. Strengthen the construction of academic integrity and uphold academic honesty. Deepen the reform of the academician system. Improve mechanisms for incentivizing and supporting innovation, establish a profit distribution system that fully reflects the value of innovative elements such as knowledge and technology, and refine the system for sharing the rights and benefits arising from research personnel’s job-related inventions. Strengthen the cultivation of innovative, applied, and skilled talents, implement knowledge renewal programs and skill improvement initiatives, and expand the ranks of high-level engineers and highly skilled professionals. Support the development of high-level research universities and strengthen the training of talent in basic research. Implement a more open talent policy to build a hub for scientific research and innovation that attracts outstanding talents from both home and abroad. 10. Improve the institutional mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation. Deepen the reform of the science and technology system, improve the **science and technology governance framework, optimize the **science and technology planning system and operational mechanisms, and promote the integrated allocation of resources such as projects, bases, talent, and funding in key areas. Improve the organizational management of science and technology projects by implementing systems such as \"calling out challenges and appointing leaders\". Improve the science and technology evaluation mechanism and optimize science and technology award programs. Accelerate the reform of research institutions and expand their autonomy in research. Strengthen intellectual property protection and significantly improve the effectiveness of the transfer and application of scientific and technological achievements. Increase investment in research and development, improve a mechanism based on government funding supplemented by various sources of social investment, and boost support for basic and cutting-edge research. Improve the financial support system for innovation to promote the industrialized and large-scale application of new technologies. Promote the scientific spirit and the craftsmanship ethos, strengthen science popularization efforts, and foster a society that values innovation. Improve the science and technology ethics system. Promote open cooperation in science and technology, and explore the establishment of global scientific research funds. IV. Accelerate the development of a modern industrial system and promote the optimization and upgrading of the economic system. We must continue to focus our economic development efforts on the real economy, unswervingly build China into a manufacturing powerhouse, a leader in quality, a cyberpower, and a digital powerhouse. We should advance the upgrading of industrial foundations and the modernization of industrial chains, thereby enhancing the quality, efficiency, and core competitiveness of the economy. 11. Improve the modernization level of industrial and supply chains. Maintain the proportion of manufacturing basically stable, and consolidate and strengthen the foundation of the real economy. Adhere to autonomy, control, safety, and efficiency; carry out strategic supply chain planning and targeted measures for different industries, in order to promote the optimization and upgrading of the entire industrial chain. We will build strengths within the forging industry’s industrial chain and supply chain, leveraging China’s advantages in terms of industrial scale, supporting infrastructure, and early-mover advantages in certain fields. We will develop new industrial chains, promote the advancement of traditional industries in terms of sophistication, intelligence, and sustainability, and foster service-oriented manufacturing. Improve **quality infrastructure, strengthen systems and capabilities in standards, metrology, patents, etc., and carry out in-depth quality improvement initiatives. Promote the orderly transfer of industries within the country, optimize the layout of regional industrial chains, and support the transformation and development of old industrial bases. Fill in the gaps in the industrial and supply chains, carry out projects to rebuild the industrial foundation, intensify efforts to develop important products and key core technologies, advance advanced and applicable technologies, and promote diversification of the industrial and supply chains. Optimize the development environment for industrial and supply chains, and strengthen factor support. Strengthen international cooperation in industrial security to create industrial and supply chains with greater innovation capacity, higher added value, and greater safety and reliability. 12. Develop strategic emerging industries. Accelerate the development of industries such as next-generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, new energy vehicles, green environmental protection, as well as aerospace and marine equipment. Promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, and other technologies with various industries, foster the development of advanced manufacturing clusters, create a number of strategic emerging industry growth engines that possess distinct characteristics, complementary advantages, and a rational structure, and cultivate new technologies, new products, new business forms, and new business models. Promote the healthy development of the platform economy and sharing economy. Encourage corporate mergers and reorganizations to prevent low-level duplicate construction. 13. Accelerate the development of modern service industries. Promote the professionalization of productive service industries and their movement up the value chain, encourage various market entities to participate in service provision, accelerate the development of services such as research and development, modern logistics, and legal services, foster deep integration between modern service industries and advanced manufacturing as well as modern agriculture, and speed up the digitalization of these service industries. Promote the upgrading of consumer services to higher quality and greater diversity, accelerate the development of services in areas such as health, elderly care, childcare, culture, tourism, sports, housekeeping, and property management, and enhance the supply of public and essential services. Promote the standardization and branding of the service industry. 14. Coordinate the advancement of infrastructure construction. Build a modern infrastructure system that is comprehensive, efficient and practical, intelligent and green, as well as safe and reliable. The system plans to develop new types of infrastructure, accelerating the construction of fifth-generation mobile communications, industrial Internet, big data centers, and more. Accelerate the development of a strong transportation nation by improving comprehensive transportation corridors, transportation hubs, and logistics networks; speed up the networking of rail transit systems in urban agglomerations and metropolitan areas; and enhance transportation access in rural and border regions. Advance the energy revolution, improve the energy production, supply, storage, and distribution system, strengthen domestic oil and gas exploration and development, accelerate the construction of oil and gas storage facilities, speed up the development of national main oil and gas pipelines, build smart energy systems, optimize the layout of power generation and transmission channels, enhance the capacity for utilizing and storing new energy sources, and improve the ability to transmit electricity to remote areas. Strengthen the construction of water infrastructure to improve the optimal allocation of water resources and the capacity to defend against floods and droughts. 15. Accelerate digital development. Develop the digital economy, advance the digitalization of industries as well as the industrialization of digital technologies, foster deep integration between the digital economy and the real economy, and create digitally-driven industrial clusters with international competitiveness. Strengthen the development of digital societies and digital ** infrastructures, and improve the level of digitization and intelligence in areas such as public services and social governance. Establish basic systems and standard specifications for data resource property rights, trading and circulation, cross-border transmission, and security protection, to promote the development and utilization of data resources. Expand the orderly release of basic public information data, and establish a **unified data sharing and access platform. Ensure **data security and strengthen the protection of personal information. Improve the digital skills of all citizens to achieve comprehensive coverage of information services. Actively participate in the formulation of international rules and standards in the digital field. V. Build a strong domestic market and foster a new pattern of development. Adhere to the strategic focus on expanding domestic demand, accelerate the development of a comprehensive domestic demand system, and integrate the implementation of this strategy with deeper structural reforms on the supply side, using innovation-driven, high-quality supply to generate new demand. 16. Smooth the domestic economic cycle. By leveraging a strong domestic market and integrating all aspects of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, industry monopolies and local protectionism are broken down, thereby creating a healthy cycle in the national economy. Optimize the supply structure, improve the quality of supply, and enhance the adaptability of the supply system to domestic demand. Promote the balanced development of finance, real estate, and the real economy, ensure effective connectivity between upstream and downstream sectors as well as in production, supply, and distribution, and foster coordinated relationships among industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, services, and energy resources. Remove the institutional and systemic barriers that hinder the market-based allocation of production factors as well as the circulation of goods and services, thereby reducing transaction costs across society. Improve the policy support system for expanding domestic demand, and achieve a higher level of dynamic balance in which demand drives supply while supply creates demand. 17. Promote dual circulation at home and abroad. By focusing on the domestic economic cycle and leveraging comparative advantages, we will work together to build a strong domestic market as well as a powerful trading nation. The domestic economic cycle will be used to attract global resources, and both domestic and international markets as well as various resources will be made full use of. We will actively promote coordinated development among domestic demand and foreign demand, imports and exports, as well as the attraction of foreign investment and outbound investment, in order to achieve a basic balance in the international payments. Improve the integrated regulatory system for domestic and foreign trade, promote the alignment of laws and regulations, regulatory frameworks, business qualifications, quality standards, inspection and quarantine procedures, as well as certification systems for domestic and foreign trade, and advance the goal of unified standards and quality across both sectors. Optimize the layout in domestic and international markets, as well as the product structure and trade methods; improve the quality of exports; increase the import of high-quality products; implement projects to integrate trade and investment; and establish a modern logistics system. 18. Comprehensively boost consumption. Strengthen the fundamental role of consumption in economic development, keep pace with the trend of rising consumer demand, boost traditional forms of consumption, foster new types of consumption, and appropriately increase public spending on consumption. Focusing on quality and brands, it promotes consumption to develop in a green, healthy, and safe direction, while encouraging the growth of new consumption models and business forms. Promote a shift from purchase-based management to usage-based management for consumer goods such as automobiles, and foster the healthy development of housing consumption. Improve the modern distribution system, develop contactless transaction services, reduce enterprises’ distribution costs, promote the integrated development of online and offline consumption, and expand consumer markets in both urban and rural areas. Develop service consumption and relax market access in the service consumption sector. Improve the holiday system, implement a paid leave system, and boost holiday-related consumption. Develop international consumer center cities. Improve the consumption environment and strengthen the protection of consumers' rights and interests. 19. Expand investment opportunities. Optimize the investment structure, maintain reasonable investment growth, and leverage the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure. Accelerate the filling of gaps in areas such as infrastructure, municipal projects, agriculture and rural areas, public safety, ecological protection, public health, material reserves, disaster prevention and mitigation, and livelihood support; promote the renewal of enterprise equipment and technological upgrades; and increase investment in strategic emerging industries. Advance the construction of major projects such as new infrastructure, new urbanization, transportation, and water conservancy, and support the development of major projects that contribute to coordinated growth between urban and rural areas as well as different regions. Implement major projects such as the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, the new land-sea corridor in the west, **water networks, hydroelectric development in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, interstellar exploration, and the commercialization of Beidou technology. Advance the construction of a number of key projects that strengthen infrastructure, enhance functionality, and serve long-term interests, including major scientific research facilities, efforts to protect and restore ecosystems, public health emergency response systems, large-scale water diversion projects, flood control and disaster reduction measures, electricity and gas transmission systems, as well as transportation networks along borders, rivers, and coasts. Leverage **investment to stimulate private investment and establish a market-driven mechanism for endogenous investment growth. VI. Deepen reform in all areas to establish a high-level socialist market economy system. Adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, make better use of the role of the state, and promote a better integration of an efficient market and an active government. 20. Stimulate the vitality of various market entities. We will unswervingly consolidate and develop the public-owned economy, and unswervingly encourage, support, and guide the development of the non-public-owned economy. Deepen the reform of state-owned assets and enterprises, and strengthen, optimize, and expand state capital and state-owned enterprises. Accelerate the optimization of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy, and give full play to its strategic supporting role. Accelerate the improvement of the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics and deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises under a mixed-ownership structure. Improve the state-owned asset supervision system centered on capital management, and deepen the reform of state-owned capital investment and operation companies. Advance market-oriented reforms in the competitive segments of industries such as energy, railways, telecommunications, and utilities. Optimize the environment for the development of private enterprises, establish a healthy and transparent relationship between the government and business communities, promote the sound development of the private economy as well as the healthy growth of entrepreneurs in this sector. Protect the property rights of private enterprises and the interests of their entrepreneurs on an equal basis in accordance with the law, remove various barriers that hinder the development of private enterprises, and improve the legal framework and policy system aimed at supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as individual business owners. Promote entrepreneurship and accelerate the development of world-class enterprises. 21. Improve macroeconomic governance. Improve the macroeconomic governance system that is guided by **development plans as its strategic framework, relies on fiscal and monetary policies as its main tools, and features close coordination among policies related to employment, industry, investment, consumption, environmental protection, and regional development, all aimed at achieving optimized goals, reasonable division of labor, and efficient collaboration. Improve the mechanisms for formulating and implementing macroeconomic policies, place emphasis on expectation management, and enhance the scientific nature of regulation. Strengthen coordination of international macroeconomic policies, improve cross-cycle policy design, enhance counter-cyclical adjustment capabilities, and promote overall economic balance, structural optimization, and internal-external equilibrium. Strengthen the development of databases for macroeconomic governance, and enhance the capacity to utilize modern technologies such as big data in support of governance. Advance the modernization reform of statistics. 22. Establish a modern fiscal, tax, and financial system. Strengthen the coordination of financial resources, improve the management of medium-term financial planning, and enhance the financial support for **major strategic tasks. Deepen the reform of the budget management system and strengthen macro-guidance for budget preparation. Promote the standardization of fiscal expenditures and strengthen budgetary constraints and performance management. Clarify the powers and expenditure responsibilities at the central and local levels, improve the fiscal system below the provincial level, and enhance the capacity to provide public services at the grassroots level. Improve the modern tax system, strengthen the local and direct tax systems, optimize the tax structure, appropriately increase the proportion of direct taxes, and deepen reforms in the tax administration system. Improve the **debt management system.** Build a modern central bank system, improve the mechanism for regulating money supply, advance the development of digital currencies in a prudent manner, and strengthen the mechanisms for the formation and transmission of market-based interest rates. Establish a system and mechanism that enables finance to effectively support the real economy, improve the level of fintech, and enhance financial inclusion. Deepen the reform of state-owned commercial banks, support the sustainable and healthy development of small and medium-sized banks as well as rural credit cooperatives, and reform and optimize policy-based finance. Fully implement the registration-based system for stock issuance, establish a regular delisting mechanism, and increase the proportion of direct financing. Promote two-way financial openness. Improve the modern financial regulatory system, enhance the transparency and rule-of-law basis of financial regulation, refine the deposit insurance system, and strengthen the systems for preventing, detecting, addressing, and holding accountable financial risks; adopt a zero-tolerance policy toward any illegal or irregular activities. 23. Build a high-standard market system. Improve the fundamental systems of the market framework, adhere to equal access, fair regulation, openness and order, as well as integrity and compliance, in order to create a unified domestic market that is efficient, standardized, and characterized by fair competition. Take actions to build a high-standard market system. Improve the system for law enforcement and judicial protection of property rights. Implement a unified negative list system for market access. Continue to ease access restrictions. Improve the mechanism for reviewing fair competition, strengthen law enforcement and judicial oversight in the areas of anti-monopoly and anti-unfair competition, and enhance the overall capacity for market regulation. Deepen the reform of the land management system. Promote the market-oriented reform of factors such as land, labor, capital, technology, and data. Improve the operating mechanisms of factor markets, and refine the rules and service systems for factor trading. 24. Accelerate the transformation of **functions. Build a **governance system** with clearly defined responsibilities and law-based administration. Deepen the reforms of streamlining administration and delegating powers, combining regulation with supervision, and improving services, and fully implement the **system of lists of powers and responsibilities. Continuously improve the business environment that is market-oriented, rule-based, and internationalized. Implement a management system for the list of business licensing matters related to enterprises, strengthen supervision during and after operations, and adopt a tolerant and cautious approach to the supervision of new industries and business models. Improve the systems for prior assessment and post-evaluation of major policies, open up channels for participation in policy formulation, and enhance the scientific, ** standardized, and law-based nature of decision-making. Promote the standardization, regularization, and facilitation of government services, and deepen government transparency. Deepen the reform of industry associations, chambers of commerce, and intermediary agencies. VII. Prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas and comprehensively advance rural revitalization. We must regard resolving the issues related to agriculture, rural areas, and farmers as the top priority for the entire Party. By following the path of rural revitalization with Chinese characteristics and fully implementing the strategy for rural revitalization, we will strengthen the support provided by industry to agriculture and by cities to rural areas, thereby fostering a new type of relationship between industry and agriculture, as well as between cities and rural areas—one characterized by mutual promotion, complementary development, and shared prosperity—and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. 25. Improve the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of agriculture. Adapt to meet the needs of national economy and people's livelihood, take ensuring **food security as a bottom line, and improve the agricultural support and protection system. Adhere to the strictest system for protecting arable land, thoroughly implement the strategies of storing grain in the land and through technology, increase investment in agricultural water conservancy facilities, carry out projects to develop high-standard farmland, strengthen support through agricultural science and technology as well as equipment, improve the quality of agricultural seeds, improve systems for animal disease prevention and control of crop pests and diseases, and develop smart agriculture. Strengthen green orientation, standard guidance, and quality and safety supervision to build demonstration zones for agricultural modernization. Promote structural reforms on the agricultural supply side, optimize the structure of agricultural production and its regional distribution, strengthen the development of grain production zones, protected areas for the production of key agricultural products, and areas with advantages in the production of specialty agricultural products, and advance initiatives aimed at producing high-quality grain. Improve the mechanism for compensating major grain-producing areas. Ensure the secure supply of important agricultural products such as grain, cotton, oil, sugar, and meat, and enhance the capacity for procurement, storage, and regulation. Carry out actions to save food. Develop the county economy, promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, diversify rural economic activities, and expand opportunities for farmers to increase their incomes. 26. Carry out rural development initiatives. Place rural development in an important position within the construction of socialist modernization. Strengthen the comprehensive service capabilities of county towns, and turn townships into regional centers to serve farmers. Coordinate the planning and construction of towns and villages in the county, and protect traditional villages and their rural landscapes. Improve rural infrastructure such as water, electricity, roads, gas, communications, radio and television, and logistics, and enhance the quality of rural housing construction. Advance the improvement of rural toilets, household waste management, and sewage treatment in a manner suited to local conditions, carry out comprehensive remediation of rivers and lake systems, and improve the living environment in rural areas. Improve the scientific, technological, and cultural literacy of farmers to promote the revitalization of rural talent. 27. Deepen rural reform. Improve the mechanism for integrated urban-rural development, promote equal exchange and two-way flow of factors between urban and rural areas, and enhance the vitality of agricultural and rural development. Implement the policy of extending the contract period for the second round of land tenure by another 30 years, accelerate the development of new types of agricultural business entities such as farmer cooperatives and family farms, improve the agricultural professionalization and socialization service systems, promote various forms of moderate-scale farming, and achieve an organic connection between small-scale farmers and modern agriculture. Improve the unified urban-rural construction land market, and actively explore the implementation of a system allowing rural collective commercial construction land to enter the market. Establish a mechanism for identifying land for public interest purposes in land expropriation, in order to narrow the scope of such expropriations. Explore the implementation forms of separating ownership, eligibility rights, and usage rights for homestead land. Protect the land contract rights, homestead use rights, and rights to share collective benefits of farmers who move to cities and settle there, and encourage voluntary and compensated transfers in accordance with the law. Deepen the reform of the rural collective property rights system and develop a new type of rural collective economy. Improve the rural financial service system and develop agricultural insurance. 28. Ensure an effective connection between consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Establish support mechanisms for low-income rural populations and underdeveloped areas, maintain overall stability in fiscal investment, and continue to promote the development of areas that have been lifted out of poverty. Improve the monitoring and support mechanisms to prevent poverty recurrence, carry out proper follow-up support for those who have been relocated as part of poverty alleviation efforts, strengthen the management and oversight of funds and assets allocated to poverty reduction projects, and promote the sustainable development of specialty industries. Improve the rural social security and assistance systems. A group of key counties for rural revitalization will be given focused support among the poverty-alleviated counties in the western region, to enhance their ability to consolidate the achievements achieved in poverty reduction and to foster internal development. Adhere to and improve mechanisms such as cooperation between the eastern and western regions, targeted support, and the involvement of social forces in providing assistance. VIII. Optimize the territorial spatial layout and promote coordinated regional development and new-type urbanization. Adhere to the implementation of major regional strategies, strategies for coordinated regional development, and strategies for main functional areas; improve the institutional mechanisms for coordinated regional development; refine the strategies for new-type urbanization; and establish a territorial spatial layout and support system for high-quality development. 29. Establish a new pattern for the development and protection of national territorial space. Based on the carrying capacity of resources and the environment, and by leveraging the comparative advantages of different regions, a three-tier spatial structure will be gradually established comprising urbanized areas, major agricultural production areas, and ecological function areas, thereby optimizing the distribution of key infrastructure, productive assets, and public resources. It supports the efficient concentration of economy and population in urbanized areas, as well as the protection of farmland and ecological spaces. It helps agricultural production areas enhance their agricultural productivity, and it enables ecological function areas to focus their development on protecting the ecological environment and providing ecological products. It also facilitates the gradual and orderly migration of populations from such areas, thereby creating a new pattern for the development and protection of national land use characterized by clear functional roles, complementary advantages, and high-quality development. 30. Promote coordinated regional development. Drive the Western Development to form a new pattern, push for new breakthroughs in the revitalization of the Northeast, accelerate the rise of the Central Region, and encourage the Eastern Region to speed up its modernization. It supports the accelerated development of old revolutionary areas and ethnic minority regions, strengthens the development of border areas, and promotes efforts to prosper and stabilize these border regions. Promote the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the integration of the Yangtze River Delta, in order to create innovation platforms and new growth poles. Promote ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Build the **new district** to high standards and with high quality. Adhere to the integrated development of land and sea, promote the marine economy, and build a strong maritime nation. Improve mechanisms for coordinated regional strategy, integrated market development, regional cooperation and mutual assistance, as well as compensation for inter-regional interests, to better promote the common development of developed and underdeveloped regions, as well as the eastern, central, western regions and the Northeast region. Improve the transfer payment system, increase financial support for underdeveloped areas, and gradually achieve equal access to basic public services. 31. Promote people-centered new urbanization. Implement urban renewal initiatives, advance projects for urban ecological restoration and functional improvement, coordinate urban planning, construction, and management, reasonably determine the scale of cities, population density, and spatial structure, and promote coordinated development among large, medium, small cities, as well as small towns. Strengthen the protection of historical culture and shape the urban landscape; enhance the renovation of old residential areas in towns and cities as well as community development; improve the city’s capacity for flood control and drainage; and build sponge cities and resilient cities. Improve the level of urban governance and strengthen risk prevention and control in the management of megacities. Adhere to the principle that homes are meant for living in, not for speculation; promote both renting and buying, and adopt policies tailored to individual cities, in order to foster the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. Effectively increase the supply of affordable housing, improve the mechanism for distributing revenue from land sales, explore ways to support the use of collective construction land for the development of rental housing in accordance with planning requirements, refine policies regarding long-term rental housing, and expand the supply of affordable rental housing. Deepen the reform of the household registration system, improve policies that link fiscal transfer payments and the scale of new urban construction land to the urbanization of rural migrants, strengthen the provision of basic public services, and accelerate the urbanization of rural migrants. Optimize the setup of administrative divisions, leverage the driving role of central cities and urban agglomerations, and build modern metropolitan areas. Advance the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing Twin-City Economic Circle. Advance urbanization by using county towns as key platforms. IX. Promote the development of cultural endeavors and industries in order to enhance **cultural soft power**. Adhere to Marxism’s guiding role in the field of ideology, strengthen cultural confidence, and use the core socialist values as a guide for cultural development. Enhance the construction of socialist spiritual civilization. Focusing on the tasks of raising the banner, uniting the people’s hearts, nurturing new generations, advancing culture, and presenting a positive image, we should strive to reconcile meeting the people’s cultural needs with strengthening their spiritual strength, thereby advancing the building of a strong socialist cultural nation. 32. Improve the level of social civilization. Foster the formation of ideological concepts, mental attitudes, cultural norms, and behavioral standards that meet the requirements of the new era. Carry out in-depth education on **Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era**, and advance the research and development of Marxist theory. Promote the normalization and institutionalization of education on ideals and beliefs, strengthen education on the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialism, enhance education in patriotism, collectivism, and socialism, carry forward the great spirits formed by the Party and the people through their struggles in various historical periods, advance the construction of civic morality, implement projects to foster civilization, and expand the development of civilization practice centers in the new era. Improve the volunteer service system and carry out extensive volunteer care initiatives. Promote a culture of integrity and advance its development. It advocates hard work and frugality, and carries out publicity and education themed on creating happiness through labor. Strengthen the development of families, family education, and family traditions. Strengthen the construction of online civilization and develop a positive and healthy online culture. 33. Improve the level of public cultural services. Fully develop the industries of journalism and publishing, radio and television, literature and art, as well as philosophy and social sciences. Implement a project to improve the quality of literary and artistic works, strengthen the creation of works on contemporary themes, and continuously produce outstanding literary and artistic works that reflect the new trends of the times and celebrate the people’s new achievements. Promote the deep integration of media, implement all-media communication projects, strengthen new types of mainstream media, and build and make effective use of county-level integrated media centers. Advance the integrated development of urban and rural public cultural service systems, innovate the implementation of cultural projects for the benefit of the people, carry out extensive mass cultural activities, and promote the digitalization of public culture. Strengthen the construction of **major cultural facilities and cultural projects, and advance initiatives such as version archives, **document repositories, and smart broadcasting systems. We will carry forward China’s excellent traditional culture, strengthen the protection, research, and utilization of cultural relics and ancient books, enhance systematic protection of important cultural and natural heritage as well as intangible cultural heritage, boost the protection and preservation of the excellent traditional handicrafts of various ethnic groups, and establish cultural parks related to the Great Wall, the Grand Canal, the Long March, the Yellow River, and other such sites. Vigorously promote national fitness activities to improve the physical health of the people. Organize the Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympics successfully. 34. Improve the modern cultural industry system. Adhere to giving top priority to social benefits and achieving a balance between social and economic benefits, deepen the reform of the cultural system, improve cultural industry planning and policies, strengthen the development of the cultural market system, and increase the supply of high-quality cultural products. Implement a digital strategy for the cultural industry, and accelerate the development of new types of cultural enterprises, cultural business models, and cultural consumption patterns. Standardize the development of cultural industry parks and promote the construction of regional cultural industry belts. Promote the integrated development of culture and tourism, build a number of world-class tourist attractions and resorts with rich cultural heritage, create a series of tourist and leisure cities and districts with distinct cultural characteristics, and develop red tourism and rural tourism. Focusing on telling China’s story well, we will innovate in international communication and strengthen cultural exchanges with other countries as well as multi-level dialogues among civilizations. X. Promote green development and foster harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Adhere to the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets; uphold respect for nature, compliance with its laws, and its protection. Prioritize conservation, give priority to protection, and rely mainly on natural restoration, while safeguarding the boundaries of natural ecological security. We will thoroughly implement the sustainable development strategy, improve the coordination mechanisms in the field of ecological civilization, build an ecological civilization system, promote a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and strive to create a modern society where humanity and nature coexist in harmony. 35. Accelerate the advancement of green and low-carbon development. Strengthen territorial spatial planning and land use control, enforce spatial management boundaries for ecological protection, prime farmland, and urban development, in order to reduce human activities’ impact on natural areas. Strengthen the legal and policy frameworks for green development, develop green finance, support innovation in green technologies, promote clean production, foster the environmental protection industry, and advance the green transformation of key industries and sectors. Promote the clean, low-carbon, safe, and efficient use of energy. Develop green buildings. Carry out activities to promote a green lifestyle. Reduce the intensity of carbon emissions, support areas that are well-positioned to reach their carbon emission peaks first, and formulate action plans to achieve such peaks by 2030. 36. Continuously improve environmental quality. Enhance the ecological and environmental protection awareness across society, and make sustained efforts to combat pollution. Continue to carry out pollution prevention and control efforts, and establish an ecological environment governance system that takes into account both surface and underground areas as well as land and sea environments. Strengthen the coordinated control of multiple pollutants and regional collaborative management, enhance the coordinated control of fine particulate matter and ozone, and basically eliminate severe pollution episodes. Improve the living environment in urban and rural areas, advance full coverage of sewage networks in towns and cities, and basically eliminate polluted and odorous water bodies in cities. Advance the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides as well as the control of soil pollution, and strengthen the management of white pollution. Strengthen the collection and treatment of hazardous waste and medical waste. Complete the relocation and renovation of hazardous chemical manufacturing enterprises in key areas. Pay attention to the control of new pollutants. Fully implement the pollution discharge permit system, and promote the market-based trading of pollution discharge rights, energy use rights, water use rights, and carbon emission rights. Improve the management of mandatory indicators for environmental protection and energy conservation and emission reduction. Improve the central ecological and environmental protection inspection system. Actively participate in and lead international cooperation on ecological and environmental protection, such as addressing climate change. 37. Improve ecosystem quality and stability. Adhere to systematic management of landscapes, forests, farmlands, lakes, and grasslands, and establish a nature conservation area system centered on **parks. Implement major projects for biodiversity conservation. Strengthen the control of invasive species. Strengthen the river and lake chief system, enhance the ecological protection and management of major rivers and important lakes and wetlands, and effectively implement a 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River. Advance scientifically the comprehensive management of desertification, rocky desertification, and soil erosion, carry out large-scale land greening initiatives, and implement a forest chief system. Promote the restoration of grasslands, forests, rivers, and lakes, strengthen the protection of black soil, and improve the system of crop rotation and fallow periods for arable land. Strengthen the monitoring of the impact of global warming on areas in China that are vulnerable to its effects, improve the supervision systems for nature reserves and ecological protection zones, and carry out assessments of the effectiveness of ecosystem conservation efforts. 38. Comprehensively improve resource utilization efficiency. Improve the property rights system and relevant laws and regulations for natural resources assets, strengthen the survey, evaluation, monitoring, and registration of natural resources, establish mechanisms for realizing the value of ecological products, improve market-based and diversified ecological compensation systems, and promote overall resource management, rational allocation, comprehensive conservation, and recycling. Implement **water-saving measures and establish a strict system of constraints on water resources usage. Improve the level of development and protection of marine and mineral resources. Improve the mechanism for forming resource prices. Promote waste sorting, reduction, and resource utilization. Accelerate the establishment of a recycling system for waste materials. 11. Pursue high-level opening up to the outside world and create a new landscape of win-win cooperation. Adhere to opening up on a larger scale, in broader areas, and at a deeper level; leverage China’s advantages as a large market to foster international cooperation and achieve mutual benefit and shared success. 39. Build a new system for a higher-level open economy. Comprehensively raise the level of opening up to the outside world, promote the liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, advance innovative development in trade, and enhance the overall competitiveness in foreign trade. Improve the system of pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list for foreign investment, expand the opening up of the service sector in an orderly manner, protect the legitimate rights and interests of foreign-funded enterprises in accordance with the law, improve the legal, policy, and service frameworks for promoting and safeguarding overseas investments, firmly defend the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises abroad, and achieve high-quality introduction of foreign investment as well as high-level outbound investment. Improve the layout of free trade pilot zones, grant them greater autonomy in reform, steadily advance the development of the Hainan Free Trade Port, and create a new hub for opening up to the outside world. Advance the internationalization of the RMB in a prudent manner, adhere to market-driven approaches and corporate autonomy in decision-making, and foster a new type of mutually beneficial cooperative relationship based on the free use of the RMB. Make full use of important exhibition platforms such as the China International Import Expo. 40. Promote the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Adhering to the principles of joint consultation, joint construction, and shared benefits, upholding the concepts of greenness, openness, and integrity, we will deepen practical cooperation, strengthen security safeguards, and promote common development. Promote the interconnection of infrastructure and expand cooperation in third-party markets. Build a mutually beneficial industrial and supply chain cooperation framework, deepen international capacity cooperation, and expand two-way trade and investment. Adhere to the enterprise as the main entity and the market as the guiding principle, follow international practices and the principles of debt sustainability, and improve a diversified investment and financing system. Promote the alignment of strategies, plans, and mechanisms, and strengthen the connection of policies, rules, and standards. Deepen cooperation in public health, the digital economy, green development, and science and technology education, and promote cultural exchanges. 41. Actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system. Adhere to equal consultation and mutual benefit, and promote groups such as the G20 to play a role in international economic cooperation. We will safeguard the multilateral trading system, actively participate in the reform of the World Trade Organization, and work to improve a fairer and more rational global economic governance system. Actively participate in multilateral and bilateral regional investment and trade cooperation mechanisms, promote the formulation of economic governance rules in emerging fields, and enhance the capacity to engage in international financial governance. Implement the free trade zone enhancement strategy to build a high-standard global free trade zone network. XII. Improve the quality of people’s lives and enhance the level of social development. Adhere to taking the fulfillment, protection, and advancement of the fundamental interests of the broadest masses of people as the starting point and goal of development; strive to do our best within our capabilities, improve the system of basic public services, refine the social governance framework based on joint participation, cooperation, and shared benefits, steadily advance common prosperity, and continuously enhance the people’s sense of gain, happiness, and security, thereby promoting the all-round development of individuals and overall social progress. 42. Raise people’s income levels. Adhere to the principle of distribution based on work as the main approach, while allowing multiple forms of distribution to coexist; increase the share of labor remuneration in primary distribution, improve the wage system, establish a sound mechanism for reasonable wage increases, focus on raising the incomes of low-income groups, and expand the middle-income group. Improve the policy framework for distribution based on factors of production, strengthen the mechanism by which market forces determine the rewards for various factors of production, and explore ways to increase the income of low- and middle-income groups through the rights to use and benefit from factors such as land and capital. Increase the property income of urban and rural residents through multiple channels. Improve the redistribution mechanism, enhance the effectiveness and precision of measures such as taxation, social security, and transfer payments, reasonably regulate excessively high incomes, and eliminate illegal income. Leverage the role of the third distribution, develop philanthropic activities, and improve the pattern of income and wealth distribution. 43. Strengthen the policy of giving priority to employment. Every effort shall be made to stabilize and expand employment, adhere to an employment-oriented approach to economic development, increase the capacity for employment, improve the quality of employment, promote full employment, and safeguard the benefits and rights of workers. Improve the public employment service system, labor relations coordination mechanisms, and lifelong vocational skills training system. Greater emphasis should be placed on addressing structural employment disparities, accelerating the improvement of workers’ skills and qualifications, improving the employment support systems for key groups, and coordinating urban and rural employment policies. Expand the provision of public-interest jobs to assist persons with disabilities and family members without employment. Improve the support systems to promote entrepreneurship-driven employment and flexible employment through various channels, support and regulate the development of new forms of employment, and strengthen mechanisms for investigating employment demand and monitoring unemployment. 44. Build a high-quality education system. Fully implement the Party’s education policy, adhere to the principle of fostering virtue through education, strengthen the development of teachers’ professional ethics, and cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development in moral, intellectual, physical, aesthetic, and vocational aspects. Improve the collaborative education mechanism among schools, families, and society, enhance teachers’ capabilities in teaching and educating students, boost students’ cultural literacy, sense of social responsibility, and practical skills, and pay attention to the physical health and mental well-being of adolescents. Adhere to the principle of the public welfare nature of education, deepen educational reforms, promote educational equity, advance the balanced development of compulsory education as well as urban-rural integration, improve the support mechanisms for inclusive preschool education, special education, and targeted education, and encourage diverse development in senior high schools. Increase investment in human capital, enhance the adaptability of vocational and technical education, deepen integration between vocational and general education, as well as between industry and education and between schools and enterprises, explore an apprenticeship system with Chinese characteristics, and make vigorous efforts to cultivate technical and skilled talents. Improve the quality of higher education, develop first-class universities and disciplines in a categorized manner, and accelerate the training of skilled professionals in fields such as science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine. Improve the quality and standards of education in ethnic minority areas, and step up efforts to promote the **standard language. Support and regulate the development of private education, and standardize off-campus training institutions. Leverage the advantages of online education, improve the lifelong learning system, and build a learning-oriented society. 45. Improve the multi-level social security system. Develop a multi-level social security system that covers all people, integrates urban and rural areas, is fair and unified, and is sustainable. Advance the transfer and continuation of social insurance, and improve the mechanisms for financing and adjusting benefits in basic old-age and basic medical insurance. Achieve national coordination of basic old-age insurance, and implement a gradual increase in the legal retirement age. Develop a multi-level, multi-pillar pension insurance system. Promote provincial-level coordination of basic medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and work-related injury insurance; improve the medical insurance and assistance systems for serious illnesses; implement settlement mechanisms for medical treatment in different locations; steadily establish a long-term care insurance system; and actively develop commercial medical insurance. Improve the social insurance system for flexible workers. Improve the system for serving veterans and the related support mechanisms. Improve the hierarchical and categorized social assistance system. Adhere to the basic national policy of gender equality and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of women and children. Improve the care service systems and facilities for the elderly and people with disabilities, and enhance social welfare systems to assist such groups as people with disabilities and orphans. Improve the national unified social insurance public service platform. 46. Comprehensively advance the construction of a Healthy China. Giving top priority to safeguarding people’s health, adhering to a prevention-first approach, thoroughly implementing the Healthy China initiative, improving policies for promoting public health, and strengthening the **public health protection network to provide people with comprehensive health services throughout their lives. Reform the disease prevention and control system to strengthen functions such as monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigations, testing and detection, and emergency response. Establish a stable funding mechanism for public health initiatives, strengthen the development of talent pools, improve the infrastructure for disease control, enhance public health services, and reinforce the grassroots public health system. Implement the public health responsibilities of medical institutions and innovate mechanisms for collaboration between medical treatment and prevention. Improve the monitoring, early warning, and response mechanisms for public health emergencies, strengthen the systems for medical treatment, scientific and technological support, and supply provision, in order to enhance the capacity to handle such emergencies. Adhere to the public welfare nature of basic medical and health services, deepen the reform of the medical and health system, accelerate the expansion of high-quality medical resources and their balanced distribution across different regions, speed up the development of a hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system, strengthen the construction of public hospitals as well as the assessment of their management, promote reforms related to the centralized procurement and use of drugs and medical supplies, and foster the development of advanced medical equipment. Support private healthcare providers and promote telemedicine. Adhere to the equal emphasis on traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and vigorously develop the field of traditional Chinese medicine. Improve the quality of health education, chronic disease management, and disability rehabilitation services, while paying attention to mental health. Carry out in-depth patriotic health campaigns to encourage the whole population to adopt a civilized and healthy lifestyle. Improve the public service system for national fitness. Accelerate the development of the health industry. 47. Implement a proactive strategy to address population aging. Formulate long-term population development strategies, optimize fertility policies, increase their inclusivity, improve the quality of services related to healthy childbearing and upbringing, develop accessible childcare systems, reduce the costs associated with childbirth, raising children, and education, promote balanced population growth in the long term, and enhance the quality of the population. Actively develop elderly human resources and foster the silver economy. Promote the coordinated development of elderly care services and related industries, improve the basic elderly care service system, develop inclusive and mutual-aid-based elderly care services, support families in fulfilling their roles in providing care for the elderly, foster new forms of elderly care services, establish an elderly care service system that integrates home, community, and institutional care as well as medical and rehabilitation services, and improve the comprehensive regulatory framework for elderly care services. 48. Strengthen and innovate social governance. Improve the social governance system, develop a grassroots governance framework in urban and rural areas that combines autonomy, the rule of law, and moral governance under the leadership of Party organizations; refine the grassroots consultation system to ensure positive interaction between governance mechanisms and social regulation as well as resident autonomy; and build a social governance community in which everyone has responsibilities, fulfills those responsibilities, and benefits from the outcomes. Leverage the role of mass organizations and social organizations in social governance, and streamline and standardize the channels through which market entities, new social groups, social workers, and volunteers can participate in social governance. It is necessary to shift the focus of social governance to the grassroots level, delegate power and provide more resources to these levels, strengthen the development of governance and service systems in urban and rural communities, reduce the burden on grassroots organizations, especially those at the village level, and enhance the capacity of grassroots social governance teams. A management and service platform for the grassroots level that features grid-based management, refined services, information technology support, and open sharing should be established. Strengthen and innovate social governance at the municipal level, and advance its modernization. 13. Coordinate development and security to build a safer China at a higher level. Adhere to the overall concept of security, implement a security strategy, maintain and foster security, integrate traditional and non-traditional security concerns, incorporate secure development into all fields and throughout the entire process of development, prevent and address various risks that could affect China’s modernization process, and strengthen the security barriers. 49. Strengthen **security systems and capacity building. Improve a centralized, unified, efficient, and authoritative **security leadership system**, and strengthen the **security legal framework, strategic framework, policy framework, talent framework, and operational mechanisms**; further refine **security legislation, regulations, and policies** in key areas. Improve **safety review and supervision systems, and strengthen** safety law enforcement. Strengthen safety education and publicity to raise the safety awareness of the entire population and consolidate the people’s safety defense line. We will resolutely safeguard **regime security, institutional security, and ideological security, and comprehensively strengthen the cybersecurity protection system and related capabilities. Take strict precautions and crack down firmly on the infiltration, sabotage, subversion, and separatist activities of hostile forces. 50. Ensure **economic security. Strengthen the early warning, prevention, and control mechanisms as well as capacity building for economic security risks, to ensure the safety and controllability of key areas such as vital industries, infrastructure, strategic resources, and major scientific and technological initiatives. Implement industry competitiveness surveys and evaluation projects to enhance the resilience of the industrial system. Ensure food security and safeguard the security of energy and strategic mineral resources. Ensure the security of key infrastructure such as water management, electricity, water supply, oil and gas, transportation, communications, networks, and finance, and improve the efficient and secure utilization of water resources. Maintain financial security and ensure that systemic risks do not occur. Ensure ecological security, strengthen nuclear safety oversight, and safeguard security in new sectors. Establish a system for protecting overseas interests and preventing risk warnings. 51. Protect people's lives and safety. Adhere to the principle that the people and life come first, give top priority to protecting people’s lives, and comprehensively enhance the capacity for public safety protection. Improve and implement the work safety responsibility system, strengthen supervision and law enforcement in work safety, and effectively curb major and severe safety accidents in areas such as hazardous chemicals, mining, construction, and transportation. Strengthen biosecurity measures to improve the safety standards of products and services related to people’s health, such as food and pharmaceuticals. Raise the engineering standards for preventing natural disasters such as floods and droughts, forest and grassland fires, geological disasters, and earthquakes; accelerate the construction of key river control projects; speed up the reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs; and comprehensively promote the development of dikes and flood storage areas. Improve the **emergency management system, strengthen the development of emergency supply systems, promote catastrophe insurance, and enhance capabilities in disaster prevention, mitigation, response, and relief. 52. Maintain social stability and security. Properly handle contradictions among the people under the new circumstances, uphold and develop the \"Fengqiao Model\" of the new era, ensure smooth and standardized channels for expressing public demands, coordinating interests, and protecting rights, improve the petition system, enhance various mediation and coordination mechanisms, and establish a comprehensive mechanism for addressing social contradictions that includes prevention at the source, identification and analysis, resolution of disputes, and emergency response. Improve the social psychological service system and crisis intervention mechanisms. Adhere to the combination of specialized efforts and community participation in crime prevention, strengthen the construction of a social security system, resolutely prevent and combat terrorist activities, criminal gangs, new types of cybercrime, and transnational crimes, so as to maintain social harmony and stability. 14. Accelerate the modernization of national defense and the military to achieve unity between a prosperous country and a strong military. Implement the concept of building a strong military, follow the strategic guidelines for the new era, uphold the Party’s absolute leadership over the people’s military, adhere to the principles of building the military through governance, reform, science and technology, talent development, and rule of law. Accelerate the integrated development of mechanization, informatization, and intelligence. Strengthen training and readiness in all aspects to enhance the strategic capacity to defend national sovereignty, security, and developmental interests, ensuring that the goal of achieving a century-old military by 2027 is met. 53. Improve the quality and efficiency of defense and military modernization. Accelerate the modernization of theories, innovate in warfare and strategic guidance in keeping with the times, improve the strategic framework for the new era, and develop advanced combat theories. Accelerate the modernization of the military’s organizational structure, deepen reforms in national defense and the military, advance a management revolution, speed up the transformation and development of various military services and forces, strengthen strategic capabilities as well as combat forces for new domains and new types of warfare, build a high-level strategic deterrence and joint operations system, and enhance joint training, joint support, and joint deployment of military forces. Accelerate the modernization of the workforce, implement the education policies for the new era, improve the new three-in-one talent cultivation system, and build a high-quality, professional talent pool. Accelerate the modernization of weapons and equipment, focus on independent innovation and original innovation in defense technology, speed up the development of strategic, cutting-edge, and disruptive technologies, and promote the upgrading of weapons and equipment as well as the development of intelligent weapons. 54. Promote the simultaneous enhancement of national defense capabilities and economic strength. In line with **modernized development, it is necessary to carry out thorough strategic planning, deepen the sharing of resources and elements, strengthen coordination of policies and systems, and establish an integrated** strategic framework and capabilities. Promote coordinated development in key regions, key sectors, and emerging fields, and concentrate efforts on implementing major projects in the defense sector. Optimize the layout of the defense science, technology, and industry, and accelerate the process of standardization and generalization. Improve the national defense mobilization system, strengthen mechanisms for securing borders and defenses, enhance national defense education among all citizens, and consolidate unity among the military, government, and civilian populations. 15. The whole Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country must unite to strive for the achievement of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the long-term goals set for 2035. To achieve these goals, it is essential to uphold the Party’s comprehensive leadership, mobilize all positive factors, unite all forces that can be brought together, and thus create a strong synergy to drive development. 55. Strengthen the centralized and unified leadership of ****. By implementing the Party’s requirements to set directions, plan for the overall situation, formulate policies, and promote reform, we will urge the entire Party to study and implement in depth **Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era**, strengthen the \"Four Consciousnesses,\" firm up the \"Four Confidences,\" and uphold the \"Two Upholds.\" We will also improve an organizational structure that ensures seamless coordination from top to bottom and effective implementation, so as to guarantee the effective execution of the Party’s decisions and arrangements. Implement the main responsibilities and supervision responsibilities for comprehensive and strict governance over the Party, and improve the quality of Party building. By thoroughly summarizing and learning from China’s valuable experiences over the past century, we should educate and guide Party members and cadres to uphold the lofty ideals of socialism and the common ideal of socialism with Chinese characteristics, to remain true to their original aspirations and keep their mission firmly in mind, and to strive unremittingly for the cause of the Party and the people. Fully implement the Party’s organizational principles for the new era, strengthen the development of the cadre workforce, enforce proper standards for cadres, and enhance the ability of leadership teams and cadres at all levels to adapt to the new requirements of the era in terms of driving reform, promoting development, and maintaining stability, as well as their professional capabilities. It is also necessary to provide incentives and protection for those cadres who are willing to take responsibility and perform well, so as to guide efforts toward innovation and achievement through proper approaches to personnel management. Improve the talent development system and cultivate a large number of high-quality talents with both moral integrity and professional competence. Maintain a strict overall tone for the long term, and continuously enhance the Party’s ability to cleanse itself, improve itself, innovate itself, and raise its standards. We will persevere in implementing the spirit of the Central Committee’s eight-point regulations, continuously address formalism and bureaucracy, and effectively reduce the burden on grassroots levels. Improve the Party’s and **supervision systems, strengthen political supervision, and enhance the constraints and oversight over the exercise of public power. Adhering to the principles of no off-limits areas, full coverage, and zero tolerance, we advance simultaneously efforts to prevent corruption, make it impossible to commit corruption, and discourage the desire to corrupt, thereby creating a clean and upright political environment. 56. Advance the construction of a socialist political system. Adhere to the organic unity of the Party’s leadership, the people being the masters of the country, and governance in accordance with the law, and promote the self-improvement and development of the socialist political system with Chinese characteristics. Adhere to and improve the system of people’s congresses, strengthen the supervision of these congresses over the government, various commissions, and the courts, and ensure that the people can manage state affairs, economic and cultural activities, as well as social affairs through various channels and means in accordance with the law. Adhere to and improve the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under China’s leadership, strengthen the development of the CPPCC as a specialized consultative body, leverage the unique advantages of socialist consultation, and enhance the ability to offer policy recommendations and build consensus. Adhere to and improve the system of regional ethnic autonomy, fully implement the Party’s ethnic policies, strengthen the sense of community among the Chinese nations, and promote joint efforts and common prosperity for all ethnic groups. Fully implement the Party’s basic guidelines for religious work, and actively guide religions to adapt to socialist society. Improve the system of grassroots mass self-governance and enhance the effectiveness of mass self-management, self-service, self-education, and self-supervision. Leverage the roles of people’s organizations such as trade unions, the Communist Youth League, and women’s federations to closely unite the masses they represent around the Party. Improve the overall framework for united front work, promote harmony in party relations, ethnic relations, religious relations, class relations, and relations among compatriots at home and abroad, and consolidate and develop a situation of broad unity and cooperation. Fully implement the Party’s policies on overseas Chinese affairs, unite the hearts of overseas Chinese, and serve the overall interests. Adhere to the integrated development of the rule of law, governance by law, and a society under the rule of law; improve the legal system with Chinese characteristics centered on the constitution; strengthen legislation in key areas, emerging fields, and those related to foreign affairs; enhance the level of administration in accordance with the law; improve the mechanisms for exercising and supervising oversight powers, judicial powers, and procuratorial powers; promote judicial fairness; carry out extensive publicity and education on the rule of law; give full play to the role of the rule of law in laying a solid foundation, stabilizing expectations, and ensuring long-term benefits; and advance the construction of a country under the rule of law. Promote the comprehensive development of **the business. 57. Maintain ** and the long-term prosperity and stability of Macau. Fully and accurately implement the principles of \"one country, two systems,\" \"Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong\" and \"Macao people governing Macao\" along with a high degree of autonomy; adhere to governance of Hong Kong and Macao in accordance with the law; safeguard the constitutional order of the special administrative regions as established by the Constitution and the Basic Laws; ensure the Central Government’s comprehensive authority over the special administrative regions; put into effect the legal systems and enforcement mechanisms for maintaining **security; and protect **sovereignty, security, and development interests as well as the overall stability of society in the special administrative regions. It supports the Special Administrative Region in strengthening and enhancing its competitive advantages, building an international innovation and technology hub, creating a functional platform for the Belt and Road Initiative, and achieving diversified and sustainable economic development. It supports ** and a better integration of Macao into the overall development framework, aims to build the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area with high quality, and improves the policies and measures to facilitate Hong Kong and Macao residents in developing their careers on the Chinese mainland. Strengthen the **awareness and patriotic spirit among Hong Kong and Macao compatriots. It supports exchanges and cooperation with **, Macau, as well as various countries and regions. Resolutely prevent and curb external forces from interfering in Hong Kong and Macao affairs. 58. Promote the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the reunification of the motherland. Adhering to the One-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and putting the well-being of people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait first, we will promote the peaceful and integrated development of cross-strait relations, strengthen industrial cooperation between the two sides, create a common market for them, boost the economy of the Chinese nation, and work together to promote Chinese culture. Improve the systems and policies aimed at ensuring the well-being of Taiwan compatriots and guaranteeing them equal treatment on the Chinese mainland. Support Taiwanese businesses in participating in the Belt and Road Initiative and regional coordinated development strategies; assist eligible Taiwanese-funded enterprises in going public on the mainland; and encourage Fujian to explore new paths for integrated development across the Taiwan Strait. Strengthen grassroots and youth exchanges across the Taiwan Strait. Maintain high vigilance and resolutely suppress separatist activities aimed at Taiwan independence. 59. Actively create a favorable external environment. Upholding the banners of peace, development, cooperation, and win-win outcomes, adhering to an independent and autonomous foreign policy of peace, advancing foreign exchanges in various fields and at all levels, and striving to build a new type of international relations as well as a community with a shared future for mankind. Promote coordination and cooperation among major powers, deepen relations with neighboring countries, strengthen solidarity and cooperation with developing countries, and actively develop global partnerships. Adhering to multilateralism and the principles of consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits, we actively participate in the reform and development of the global governance system, strengthen the construction of a legal framework for foreign-related affairs, enhance the application of international law, safeguard the international system centered on the United Nations and the international order based on international law, and work together to address global challenges. Actively participate in international cooperation on the prevention and control of major infectious diseases to promote the establishment of a community with a shared future for human health. 60. Improve the mechanisms for planning formulation and implementation. In line with the spirit of this plenary session, formulate the ** and local 14th Five-Year Plan outlines as well as specific plans, in order to create a ** planning system that features clear definitions, well-defined boundaries, complementary functions, and seamless integration. Improve mechanisms for policy coordination and collaborative efforts, and refine mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating the implementation of plans, to ensure that the decision-making and arrangements regarding development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period are effectively put into practice. Achieving the 14th Five-Year Plan and the long-term goals for 2035 is of great significance, involves arduous tasks, but holds bright prospects. The entire Party and people of all ethnic groups across the country must unite closely around **** with Comrade ** at its core, work together with one heart and one mind, and strive tenaciously to achieve new victories in the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist society!