Investigation Report on the Serious Accident Caused by the Collapse of a 35KV Tower in Yunnan, Resulting in 4 Deaths | 4 Persons Including the Project Leader and Supervisors Were Held criminally liable
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Investigation Report on the Collapse of a Tower during the “1/05” Power Line Relocation Project in Malipo, Yunnan Province, undertaken by Yunnan Jingkui Power Engineering Co., Ltd. At around 15:50 on January 5, 2018, in the Lijiashan Villager Group under the Nanyou Village Committee, Mali Town, Malipo County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province, a tower collapse occurred during the construction of Tower No. 2 as part of the 35 kV Dongxing Line project—a project aimed at relocating high-voltage power lines within the Moshan area of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Economic Cooperation Zone. The incident resulted in the deaths of four people. In accordance with the provisions of the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Regulations on the Reporting, Investigation, and Handling of Work Safety Accidents, the local people’s government promptly established an accident investigation team headed by Zhu Hongwu, the deputy secretary-general of the local people’s government. The team consisted of members from various agencies such as the local work safety supervision bureau, public security bureau, discipline inspection and supervision bureau, human resources and social security bureau, commerce bureau, quality supervision bureau, energy bureau, trade union, as well as the people’s government of Malipo County. Representatives from the local procuratorate were also invited to participate, and five experts in engineering fields were hired to assist with the investigation of the accident. In accordance with the principles of \"not letting go of any aspect\" and \"being scientific and rigorous, acting in accordance with laws and regulations, seeking truth from facts, and focusing on practical results\", the investigation team conducted on-site inspections, gathered evidence, carried out tests and evaluations, and relied on expert analyses to determine the sequence of events surrounding the accident, its causes, the number of casualties and direct economic losses. It identified the nature of the accident and the responsible parties, put forward recommendations regarding actions to be taken against those responsible, as well as suggestions for accident prevention and corrective measures. The investigation findings are reported as follows: I. Overview of the accident-occuring unit and the construction project (1) Project overview 1. This project is part of the infrastructure projects supporting the Highland Agricultural and Special Products Processing Park, which is included in the “one park and five zones” framework of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Economic Cooperation Zone planned in 2013; it is located in Moshan, to the north of Malipo County town (hereinafter referred to as the Moshan zone). In 2016, the project was halted after Delin Development Co., Ltd., responsible for the construction of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Trade and Processing Park, submitted an application to withdraw from the construction of the Moshan area and the trade and logistics industrial zone. In 2017, in order to accelerate the progress of project construction, the Machili Po County Party Committee and the county people’s government decided to restart the construction of the Moshan area project. On March 5 and March 6, 2017, the county party committee and the county people’s government respectively adjusted and strengthened the members of the project construction leadership team and the command headquarters, and initiated the preliminary work for the project. A leading group for the construction of supporting infrastructure projects in the Moshan area of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Economic Cooperation Zone was established, with Luo Jiaxiang, the deputy secretary of the county party committee and the county head, as the group leader. Luo Xiaobo, a member of the county party committee and the executive deputy county head, and Liu Qing, the deputy county head, served as deputy leaders. Additionally, the Construction Command Headquarters for the Supporting Infrastructure Projects in the Moshan Area of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Economic Cooperation Zone was established. Luo Xiaobo serves as the commander-in-chief, while He Minggui, the mayor of Malipo Town, and Li Bing from the County Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Bureau serve as deputy commanders. 2. Through a **procurement process** conducted by the Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Bureau of Malipo County, Yunnan Guofa Tendering Co., Ltd. was entrusted to carry out a public tender at the Malipo County Public Resources Trading Center on April 12, 2017. Yunnan Ke’an Project Consulting Co., Ltd. was selected as the winning bidder to serve as the tender agency. 3. To ensure the rapid progress of infrastructure construction projects, it is necessary to relocate the strong and weak current poles and cables in the Moshan area. On April 25, 2017, the 3rd executive meeting of the 16th People’s Congress of Malipo County, and on April 27, 2017, the 10th meeting of the 13th Committee of the Malipo County Party Committee, considered respectively the Request from the Malipo County Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Bureau regarding approval of the plan for relocating low-voltage power lines in the infrastructure development project in the Moshan area (Malipo Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Request [2017] No. 19) and the Request from the same bureau regarding approval of the plan for relocating high-voltage power lines in that project (Malipo Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Request [2017] No. 20). They agreed that Malipo County Power Supply Co., Ltd. should be responsible for developing the power supply plan for the relocation of high-voltage power lines in the Moshan area ； Public bidding was carried out by the tendering agency, Yunnan Ke’an Project Consulting Co., Ltd ； The people of Malili Town serve as the contractor for the project related to the relocation of high-voltage power lines in the Moshan area (i.e., the owner of the project construction); the County Bureau of Industry, Information and Commerce, Malipo County Power Supply Co., Ltd., and the Office of the Command Center for the construction of supporting infrastructure in the Moshan area coordinate with each other to carry out the relevant work, while the funds for the project are provided by the county government. 4. Yunnan Ke’an Project Consulting Co., Ltd. issued a public tender on June 15, 2017; Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. was the winner and appointed as the contractor. On July 11, 2017, Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. signed a construction project contract with the people’s government of Malili Town. 5. Yunnan Ke’an Project Consulting Co., Ltd. held a public tender on August 22, 2017, and Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd. was selected as the supervising party. On August 30, 2017, the Wenshan Branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd. entered into a project supervision contract with the People’s Government of Malili Town to undertake the supervision work for the project related to the relocation of high-voltage power lines as part of the infrastructure development in the Moshan area. To this end, the company established a supervision project department and, on September 1, 2017, commenced its work as required by the project owner. (II) Overview of the project constructor 1. Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. (the winning bidder and construction contractor). Company address: Room 2-1202, Caiyunjian Garden, along the extension of Beijing Road, Kunming City ； Founded on July 10, 2009; the legal representative of the company is Gong Moumou; the registered capital is 10 million yuan ； Enterprise type: Limited liability company (invested in or controlled by natural persons) ； Construction enterprise qualifications: Grade 3 specialized contracting for building mechanical and electrical installation works/Grade 3 specialized contracting for power transmission and transformation projects ； Permit for installing (repairing, testing) electrical facilities: Both the installation, repair, and testing categories are rated at Level 4 ； Business scope: Construction of power transmission and distribution projects, electrical engineering projects, water conservancy and hydropower projects, and mechanical and electrical equipment installation projects; as well as urban and road lighting projects ； Sales, repair, and maintenance of electrical equipment ； Sales, installation, and repair of vehicle charging equipment; installation and sales of metal components; subcontracting of construction work; sales of building materials, hardware, and mineral products (Business activities that require approval according to relevant laws can only be carried out after obtaining the necessary approvals) ； Affiliated organizations (branches): Chuxiong Branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. and Malipo Branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. Malipo Branch (construction unit). This branch company is the independent contractor entrusted by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. to carry out the 35KV Dongxing Line project, which involves the relocation of high-voltage power infrastructure in the Moshan area. It was established on June 8, 2017; the person in charge of the branch is Mr. Zhou ； Business address: No. 160, Xuefu Road, Duyetian Village Community, Malili Town, Malipo County, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province ； Enterprise type: Branch of a limited liability company (invested in or controlled by natural persons) ； Business scope: The same as that of the parent company (Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.). Xiao, the person in charge of on-site construction organization (without any relevant qualifications), signed a labor contract with Zhou, the head of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.’s Malipo branch, on June 20, 2017. (III) Overview of the project supervision party 1. Kunming Construction Consulting Supervision Co., Ltd. (the winning supervision contractor). Date of establishment: February 20, 1995; Registered capital: 19.8737 million yuan ； Total number of employees: over 1,400; Scope of business: provision of engineering supervision services for construction projects in all types of professional engineering fields ； Services such as project management and technical consulting for construction projects of corresponding categories can be provided. 2. Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd., Wenshan Branch (construction supervision unit). Date of establishment: April 23, 2004 ； Total number of employees: 15 ； Business scope: Capable of undertaking engineering supervision services for construction projects in all categories of professional engineering ； Services such as project management and technical consulting for construction projects of corresponding categories can be provided. II. Course of the accident, rescue efforts, direct economic losses incurred, and post-accident handling measures (1) Time of the accident: Around 15:50 on January 5, 2018. (II) The accident occurred at the construction site of Tower No. 2 of the 35KV Dongxing Line, which is part of the project to upgrade the high-voltage power infrastructure in the Moshan area of the Malipo (Tianbao) Border Economic Cooperation Zone – a project undertaken by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., located in the Lijia Mountain Village Group, Nanyou Village Committee, Malizhen Town, Malipo County. (III) Course of the accident: On January 4, 2018, construction workers carried out the operation of tightening the conductors on the 35KV Dongxing Line, from Tower No. 2 to Tower No. 1; on that day, one conductor and two lightning arresters were tightened. At 8 a.m. on the 5th of the 1st month, the construction team leader, He Mouliang, led eight workers—He Mouhu, Qin Moumou, Jiang Mou, Zhang Moumou, He Mouquan, Liu Moumou, Wang Moumou, and Tian Moumou (all of whom were workers employed by Xiao Moumou, the contractor for the project’s construction work)—to Tower No. 2 to continue with the task of tightening the wires. At 12 p.m., they took a break for lunch. After lunch, He Mouhu, Qin Moumou, Jiang Mou, and Zhang Moumou climbed up Tower No. 2 to carry out the wire-tightening work, while He Mouquan operated the winch at the base of the tower. Tian Moumou was responsible for laying the pulling cables, and Wang Moumou and Liu Moumou were in charge of moving the wires near the base of the tower. At around 3:50 p.m., while securing Line 7 (out of a total of 8 lines), a loud bang was heard; the base nuts suddenly flew off, causing the entire tower to tilt and collapse in the southeast direction. As Tower No. 2 collapsed, the 4 workers below it quickly evacuated, while He, Qin, Jiang, and Zhang, who were working on the tower, fell to the ground along with it. (IV) Accident report and rescue efforts: After the accident occurred, Li, an employee of Yunnan Jingkui Power Engineering Co., Ltd.’s Malipo branch who was stationed between Tower No. 1 and Tower No. 2 on the 35KV Dongxing Line, immediately called emergency services at “120”, “110” and “119” to request assistance. He also reported the incident to the branch office and the people’s government of Malipo County. Upon receiving the report, General Manager Gong led the relevant safety officers to the accident site to assist in handling the situation ； At around 4 p.m. that day, upon receiving the report, the People’s Government of Malipo County promptly activated its emergency response plan for production safety accidents. Luo Xiaobo, Secretary of the County Party Committee and Executive Deputy County Magistrate, led personnel from relevant departments to the scene, where they immediately established a temporary working group for accident investigation and rescue to carry out their duties. At around 16:10, an ambulance from the county hospital arrived at the accident scene; after examining the 4 injured people, it was confirmed that they had no vital signs. At 16:22, the county public security fire brigade received the call and rushed to the scene to carry out rescue operations; the rescue was completed at 17:40. After conducting external examinations on the four deceased persons by forensic experts from the county public security department, the bodies were transported to the funeral home in Xinjie Town, Xichou County for storage. To properly handle various tasks related to the aftermath of the serious accident caused by the collapse of a power line tower on January 5th, the People’s Government of Malipo County established a leadership team for dealing with this incident. The team is headed by Luo Jiaxiang, the deputy secretary of the county Party committee and the county head. The deputy leaders include Luo Xiaobo, another member of the county Party committee and the executive deputy county head; Wen Zhongwu, the deputy county head and director of the county public security bureau; and Zhang Youguo, also a deputy county head. The members of this team include representatives from the county People’s Government office, the county Party committee’s publicity department, the county trade union, the county industry and information technology department, the public security bureau, the civil affairs department, the justice department, the human resources and social security department, the health and family planning department, the work safety supervision department, the petition handling department, the legal affairs office, Malipo Power Supply Co., Ltd., the county public security fire brigade, and the People’s Government of Malipo Town. An office under the Leading Group is established within the County Work Safety Supervision Bureau, with Comrade Tang Wenfeng serving as the director of the office. Responsible for collecting and organizing various materials, drafting accident handling reports, and other related tasks. The leadership team has also established 8 working groups, namely a comprehensive coordination group, an on-site rescue group, a medical assistance group, an aftermath handling group, an accident investigation group, a public opinion management group, an on-site response group, and a stabilization group, which are responsible for handling specific tasks. Upon receiving the accident report, provincial and regional leaders attached great importance to the handling of the incident. Comrade Ruan Chengfa, Governor and Director of the Provincial Work Safety Commission, gave instructions: “Wenshan Prefecture and Malipo County **must do a good job in post-incident handling, thoroughly investigate the causes of the accident, hold those responsible accountable in accordance with the law, and earnestly strengthen project management to prevent similar accidents from occurring.” Comrade Dong Hua, the vice governor and deputy head of the Provincial Safety Committee, issued the following instructions: \"Please ensure that Wenshan Prefecture takes proper care of the matters related to the victims, quickly determine the cause of the accident, draw serious lessons from it, hold those responsible accountable, and pay attention to controlling public opinion. The Provincial Safety Supervision Bureau should provide enhanced guidance, use this incident as a case study, and urge all key industries to prioritize safety in their operations.\" Please ask the Provincial Energy Bureau to strengthen safety supervision over key energy construction projects.” Wang Yizhi, Deputy Director of the Provincial Safety Committee, Director of the Safety Committee Office, and Head of the Safety Supervision Bureau, issued the following directive: “Please ask Wenshan Prefecture and Malipo County to promptly and thoroughly implement the important instructions given by Governor Cheng Fa and Vice Governor Dong Hua. They should urge the member units of the safety committees at both levels to fulfill their responsibilities for local supervision as well as industry oversight. By learning from this incident, they must conduct a thorough investigation of potential accident risks, strengthen supervision measures, and prevent similar accidents from occurring again, so as to ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.” The main leaders and relevant officials of the provincial Party committee and the provincial people’s government attached great importance to the handling of this accident and issued corresponding directives. At around 7:30 p.m. on January 5, 2018, Comrade Li Chunlin, Deputy Governor of the Prefecture People’s Government, led relevant personnel and experts from departments such as the Prefectural Work Safety Supervision Bureau, the Industry and Information Technology Commission, and the Energy Bureau to the accident site one after another. They guided the accident response efforts, conducted a preliminary inspection of the scene, and gathered evidence. They also promptly reported the status of the response efforts to the Prefectural Party Committee, the Prefectural People’s Government, and the Provincial Work Safety Supervision Bureau. (V) Casualties, direct economic losses, and post-incident handling resulting from the accident1. Casualties: This accident resulted in 4 deaths. (1) Qin Moumou, male, 39 years old ； (2) Jiang, male, 28 years old ； (3) He Mouhu, male, 28 years old ； (4) Zhang, male, 38 years old. 2. Direct economic losses: The collapse of a tower during the “1·05” power line relocation project in Malipo County, carried out by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., resulted in direct economic losses of approximately 6.5 million yuan. 3. Post-incident handling: Following the incident, in accordance with the instructions and directives from the provincial and prefectural Party committees, units and departments including the Malipo County Party Committee, the county people’s government, the public security bureau, work safety supervision department, human resources and social security bureau, development and reform commission, industry, information technology, commerce and trade bureau, labor union, and Malipo Town worked together with the responsible entity to actively and properly handle all post-incident matters. With the collaborative efforts of all parties, on January 12, 2018, the families of the deceased signed a compensation agreement with the entity responsible for the accident. The bodies of the four deceased individuals—Zhang, He, Jiang, and Qin—were transported back to their hometowns for burial. III. Causes and nature of the accident: Based on the conclusions of the expert panel, and taking into account the information gathered by the accident investigation team, the causes of the accident are analyzed as follows: (I) Direct cause 1. The foundation bolts and nuts did not fit properly, resulting in a failure to generate the necessary tightening force. The foundation bolts were designed to be M56, with standard M56 nuts. Upon measurement on-site using calipers and pitch gauges by an expert team, the diameter of the foundation bolts ranged from 50.6 mm to 51.2 mm, while the inner diameter of the nuts was between 55 mm and 56 mm; the bolts were significantly out of specification. In accordance with Article 2.0.6 of the \"Code for Construction and Acceptance of 35kV and Below Overhead Power Lines\" (GB50173—92), the surfaces of metal fittings and bolts shall be free from cracks, pitting, zinc coating peeling, and rust. The screw and nut should fit well together. The tolerance for the combination of an oversized internal thread and a coated external thread shall comply with the Class 3 coarse-thread standard specified in the current **standard “Tolerances for General Purpose Threads with Diameters from 1 to 300 mm”. According to the standard **\"Hex Head Bolts – Full Thread, Grade C\" (GB/T5781-2000), for bolts of size M56 (coarse thread, grade 3), the thread pitch is 5.5 mm. Per Grade C standards, the bolt diameter ranges from 55.025 mm to 55.925 mm. 2. During construction, violations of operating procedures occurred; the temporary guy wires designed to prevent tower collapse were improperly installed, and these temporary guy wires were removed while personnel were still working on the tower. Before carrying out operations on the upper tower, no inspection was conducted regarding the tower’s engineering quality and stability; no work order was filled out, and the stability of the tower was not verified. With uncertainty as to whether the tower was stable, Tower 2 made use of the temporary guy wires used during the tensioning of the conductors between Towers 3 and 2, without setting up new temporary guy wires between Towers 2 and 1 to reinforce the tower structure. According to the construction workers, during the tensioning process, these temporary guy wires were removed, which increased the torque in the direction that could cause the tower to topple, while simultaneously reducing the torque in the direction that would stabilize it – this factor contributed to the tower’s collapse. In accordance with 9.4.1 of the \"Regulations on Safety Work in Electric Power Systems – Power Line Section\" (GB26859-2011), \"Before climbing, it is necessary to check that the pole base, foundation, and guy wires are secure, as well as to ensure that climbing tools and equipment such as foot restraints, safety belts, foot spikes, and ladders are in good condition and firm\" ； 9.4.2 Newly erected poles and towers should not be climbed until their foundations are fully secured or guy wires have been installed ； 9.5.7 Temporary guy wires shall be removed only after all permanent guy wires have been installed and are capable of bearing load. When removing the load-bearing components of maintenance towers, reinforcement measures should be taken in advance. When there are people working on the tower, the guy wires should not be adjusted or removed ； 9.6.3 Before tightening or removing the wires, it is necessary to check that the stay wires, pile anchors, and tower positions are correct and secure. 3. The motorized winch is not installed in the proper location. The tensioning winch is fixed to Tower Leg No. 4 on the southeast side, while an additional guide pulley is installed on Tower Leg No. 2 on the southwest side; torque in the overturning direction is increased during tensioning. \"Wire rope winches for power transmission and distribution projects (DL/T733-2014) 4.2.1: Motorized winches shall be placed horizontally and securely anchored.\" In summary, the direct causes of this accident were: 1. The anchor bolts and nuts did not fit together properly, failing to generate the necessary tightening force ； 2. Illegal operations were carried out during construction; the temporary guy wires to prevent the tower from toppling were installed improperly, and these temporary guy wires were removed while there were people working on the tower ； 3. The motorized winch is not installed in the proper location.
(II) Indirect causes: 1. The Malipo branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., which was established in accordance with the law, failed to fulfill its responsibilities regarding work safety properly. During the construction of this project, it did not establish a work safety management organization or appoint full-time staff responsible for work safety, nor did it put in place proper systems for identifying and addressing potential work safety hazards； Illegally subcontracting the labor work for this construction project to natural persons who do not possess the appropriate qualifications ； No specific safety management agreement has been signed with the contractor ； Construction work continued without a specific construction plan, despite the discovery that potential accident hazards had not been eliminated. 2. The contractor, Mr. Xiao, does not possess any qualifications ； No labor contract has been signed with the employees ； No safety production management organization has been established, nor are there full-time safety production managers; there are no rules and regulations, operating procedures, or various records related to construction site safety management ； Safety training and safety technical instructions were not provided to the employees ； Organizing workers to carry out construction recklessly when it is found that potential accident hazards have not been eliminated, and giving instructions for work in violation of rules and regulations ； Electricians, workers performing work at heights, and others operate without training or the required \"Special Operations Permit\". 3. The Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd., which was legally registered, failed to diligently fulfill its responsibilities regarding work safety and supervision. During the construction supervision process of this project, it did not verify the qualifications of subcontracted labor units nor the certification status of workers engaged in special operations ； Failing to fulfill safety supervision responsibilities in accordance with the specific construction plan ； The materials and components required for the project were not inspected upon arrival as required by the design specifications ； On September 13, 2017, during routine inspections, the on-site supervisors conducted a random check of the foundation bolts on site and found that some of the bolts did not match their nuts. Despite this potential safety hazard remaining unresolved, they failed to order the construction company to stop work or urge it to use construction materials that met the standard requirements as specified in the design. 4. The people of Malili Town, as the owner of the 35KV Dongxing Line project, which is part of the infrastructure improvement works for high-voltage power lines in the Moshan area of the border economic cooperation zone in Malipo County, conducted safety inspections only during the two stages of foundation excavation and base platform construction for this project; no safety inspections were carried out on the subsequent high-risk tasks of installing high-voltage transmission towers and laying high-voltage lines. (III) Nature of the accident: According to the investigation conducted by the accident investigation team, the serious tower collapse incident that occurred during the power line relocation project in Malipo County carried out by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. on January 5th was classified as an accident resulting from negligence in work safety. IV. Determination of accident responsibilities and recommendations for handling (I) Persons for whom criminal liability should be pursued in accordance with the law (4 persons): 1. Zhou Moumou, who failed to fulfill his duties as the primary person responsible for safety at work; during the construction of this project, he illegally subcontracted the work to natural persons who did not possess the necessary qualifications ； No safety production management organization has been established, or no full-time safety production managers have been assigned; furthermore, a system for identifying and addressing potential safety production hazards has not been put in place ； No specific safety management agreement has been signed with the contractor ； By continuing with the construction work despite the discovery that potential accident hazards had not been eliminated, an accident resulted in 4 deaths. Zhou is primarily responsible for the occurrence of the accident; it is recommended that he be handed over to the judicial authorities to face criminal prosecution. 2. Xiao Moumou, a labor contractor for construction projects at the Malipo branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., undertook construction projects without having any relevant qualifications ； No labor contract has been signed with the employees ； No safety production management organization has been established, nor are there full-time safety production managers; systems for identifying and addressing potential safety production hazards have not been put in place. There are also no rules and regulations, operating procedures, or various records related to construction project safety management ； The workers have not received safety training or safety technical instructions ； Organizing workers to carry out construction recklessly when it is found that potential accident hazards have not been eliminated, and giving instructions for work in violation of rules and regulations ； Electricians, workers performing work at heights, and others operate without training or the required \"Special Operations Permit\". Xiao is directly responsible for the occurrence of the accident; it is recommended that he be handed over to the judicial authorities to face criminal prosecution. 3. Xu Mouyin, the head of the Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd., was responsible for the construction supervision of this project. He failed to fulfill his responsibilities regarding safety production and supervision properly; during the supervision of the project’s construction, he did not check the qualifications of the subcontracted labor units nor verify whether the workers performing special tasks held the necessary certificates ； Failing to fulfill safety supervision responsibilities in accordance with the specific construction plan ； The materials and components required for the project were not inspected upon arrival as required by the design specifications ； On September 13, 2017, during routine inspections, the on-site supervisors conducted a random check of the foundation bolts on site and found that some of the bolts did not match their nuts. Despite this potential hazard remaining unresolved, they failed to order the construction party to stop work or to ensure that standard-compliant construction materials were used, which led to the occurrence of the accident. Xu is held largely responsible for the occurrence of the accident; it is recommended that he be handed over to the judicial authorities to face criminal prosecution. 4. Xu Mouzai, an on-site supervisor for construction projects at the Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd., was responsible for overseeing the construction site of this project. He failed to fulfill his responsibilities regarding safety and supervision properly; during the supervision of this project’s construction, he did not check whether the workers performing special tasks at the site held the necessary certificates ； On September 13, 2017, during another inspection, Xu Jia conducted a random check of the anchor bolts on site and discovered that some of these bolts did not match their nuts, representing potential safety hazards. Although he reported this issue to Xu, the person in charge of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd.’s Wenshan branch, no effective measures were taken when the construction party continued working despite those hazards remaining, which ultimately led to the accident. The Xu family bears direct responsibility for the occurrence of the accident; it is recommended that they be handed over to the judicial authorities to face criminal prosecution. (II) Accident-responsible entities recommended to be subject to economic penalties in accordance with the law (2): 1. The Malipo Branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. failed to fulfill its primary responsibilities regarding work safety in accordance with the law; during the construction of this project, it did not establish a work safety management organization or assign full-time staff for work safety tasks, nor did it put in place proper systems for identifying and addressing potential work safety hazards ； Illegally subcontracting the labor work for this construction project to natural persons who do not possess the appropriate qualifications ； No specific safety management agreement has been signed with the contractor ； Work on the project was continued despite the discovery that potential accident hazards had not been eliminated, which led to the occurrence of the accident. In the \"1·05\" collapse accident, the Malipo branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd. bore primary responsibility for the incident. It is recommended that the provincial work safety authorities impose an administrative penalty of 690,000 yuan on the Malipo Branch of Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., in accordance with Article 109(2) of the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China. 2. The Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd. failed to fulfill its responsibilities regarding work safety and supervision properly; during the supervision of this construction project, it did not verify the qualifications of the subcontracted labor units nor the fact that the workers performing special tasks held the necessary certificates ； Failing to fulfill safety supervision responsibilities in accordance with the specific construction plan ； The materials and components required for the project were not inspected upon arrival as required by the design specifications ； On September 13, 2017, during routine inspections, the on-site supervisors conducted a random check of the foundation bolts on site and found that some of the bolts did not match their nuts. Despite this potential hazard remaining unresolved, they failed to order the construction party to stop work or to ensure that standard-compliant construction materials were used, which led to the occurrence of the accident. In the \"1·05\" collapse accident, the Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd. bore significant responsibility for its occurrence. It is recommended that the provincial work safety supervision department impose an administrative penalty in the form of a fine of 600,000 yuan on the Wenshan branch of Kunming Construction Consulting and Supervision Co., Ltd., in accordance with Article 109(2) of the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China. (III) Recommendations regarding the identification of responsibilities and actions to be taken by the relevant administrative supervision departments (3): 1. The Malipo County Party Committee and the county people’s government should strengthen their leadership over work related to work safety in accordance with the law, and urge all relevant departments to fulfill their duties in supervising and managing work safety as required by law. Based on the records of supervision activities and related documentation, it can be seen that the main leaders and those in charge of work safety at the county level attach great importance to this issue, and have fulfilled their responsibilities in line with the principles of \"one position, two responsibilities\" and \"shared responsibilities by the Party and the government\" in matters of work safety. Following the collapse incident on January 5th, Malipo County took active steps to carry out rescue operations, handle the situation, and address the aftermath. However, a serious accident resulting in 4 deaths still occurred within the jurisdiction. To draw serious lessons from this, the Machili Po County Party Committee and the county people’s government were ordered to submit written apologies to the prefecture Party Committee and the prefecture people’s government respectively. 2. In accordance with the requirements of the county authorities, the Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Bureau of Malipo County actively handled the approval procedures for projects related to the construction of supporting infrastructure in the Moshan area of the Malipo Border Economic Cooperation Zone, and submitted the relevant documents to the industry and information technology departments at higher levels for record-keeping. During routine safety production activities, inspections are carried out promptly to urge enterprises to conduct self-inspections, provide training on relevant operational procedures, and hold regular or ad-hoc meetings on safety production among enterprises within the system. Based on the records of supervision activities and documentation, it can be seen that the agency has fulfilled its responsibilities in accordance with the principles of \"dual responsibilities for each position\" and \"shared responsibilities by the party and government\" in terms of safety production. However, as the business management department, a major accident resulting in 4 deaths occurred within its jurisdiction. To thoroughly learn from this lesson, the Industry, Information Technology and Commerce Bureau of Malipo County was ordered to submit written apologies to both the Prefectural Industry and Information Technology Commission and the People’s ** of Malipo County. 3. The people of Malili Town **carefully followed the requirements and directives set by the state and county regarding the improvement of work safety, formulated work plans and held meetings to make relevant arrangements; they carried out work related to work safety supervision, comprehensive safety inspections, and the identification and resolution of potential hazards, with various records and documentation of these activities available. As the owner of the 35KV Dongxing Line project, which is part of the infrastructure improvement works for high-voltage power lines in the Moshan area of the Malipuo County Border Economic Cooperation Zone, the people of Malili Town conducted safety inspections only on the two stages of foundation excavation and base platform construction during the project’s development. No safety inspections were carried out on the subsequent high-risk tasks of installing high-voltage towers and laying high-voltage lines. As the owner of the project, a serious accident occurred in its jurisdiction that resulted in 4 deaths. To draw serious lessons from this incident, the Party committee and the people’s government of Malili Town were ordered to submit detailed written apologies to the Party committee and the people’s government of Malipo County. (IV) Recommendations regarding the determination of responsibilities and actions to be taken against the relevant administrative supervisors (3 persons). As the owner of the 35KV Dongxing Line construction project, which is part of the infrastructure improvement efforts in the Moshan area of the Malipo County Border Economic Cooperation Zone, Malili Town conducted safety inspections only for the two stages of foundation digging and base platform construction during the project’s implementation. No safety inspections were carried out for the subsequent high-risk tasks of installing high-voltage towers and laying high-voltage lines. During the construction of this project, proper supervision and management of work safety were not ensured; it is recommended that He Minggui, Zhang Dan, and Luo Houzhang, the three persons responsible, be referred to the Discipline Inspection Commission for appropriate action in accordance with the procedures. Other cases involving illegal activities will be investigated and handled by the relevant departments. V. Lessons from the Accident and Preventive Measures (1) Lessons from the Accident This accident caused significant losses to the lives and property of the people; it exposed many serious issues in safety management within the field of project construction in our region. The main issue is that the enterprises fail to fulfill their primary responsibilities for safe production ； Violation of capital construction procedures and construction technical specifications ； Giving illegal or improper instructions, taking reckless risks without consideration ； Problems such as chaotic safety management at construction sites. All levels and departments must earnestly draw lessons from the serious accident involving the collapse of a tower during the power line relocation project in Malipo County, carried out by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., on January 5th. They should firmly uphold the concepts of scientific and safe development, strengthen the primary responsibilities of enterprises, and thoroughly implement the regulations set forth by the regional party committee and government regarding the safety responsibilities of key leaders in counties (cities), towns, departments, and major enterprises, including the principle of \"dual responsibilities for each position\" and \"shared responsibilities between the party and government.\" Relevant personnel at the county level should form inspection teams to conduct safety inspections and oversight in various towns, enterprises, and key industries, to ensure that safety measures are properly implemented. It is essential to adhere to the principle that \"development must not come at the cost of human lives.\" Enterprises involved in project construction must strictly fulfill their responsibilities for ensuring workplace safety, and efforts must be made to implement various safety policies and measures effectively, thereby improving the overall level of safety management in project construction and strengthening supervision over safe construction practices. (II) Preventive measures: 1. Conduct thorough inspections to identify potential hazards, and take decisive and comprehensive actions to rectify them. Relevant departments and production and operation units must further strengthen the identification and rectification of potential hazards related to work safety, as well as comprehensive inspections in this area. They should enhance supervision over construction machinery, deep foundation pits, and the foundations of power poles and towers, eliminate potential accident risks promptly, and take strict measures to prevent incidents that could result in mass casualties, such as collapses, falls from heights, electric shocks, mechanical injuries, fires, and poisoning. In cases where key personnel on site (including those from subcontractors) fail to carry out their duties, or where production, operation, and construction activities are organized without a plan or not in accordance with the planned procedures, it is necessary to order an immediate suspension of work for rectification ； Any substandard products or facilities and equipment that have not undergone testing must be removed from the construction site without delay and stopped from being used ； For hazardous processes, sections, and projects, the construction unit must develop specific construction plans and safety measures, and assign construction technicians, supervisors, and full-time safety officers to strengthen on-site monitoring, inspection, and technical guidance in order to ensure safe production. 2. Strengthen law enforcement efforts to resolutely crack down on illegal and unlawful production and business operations. All levels of government and relevant departments must fully recognize the serious hazards of illegal and unlawful construction activities. They should further intensify the special campaigns to crack down on such illegal acts, step up law enforcement efforts, and take strict action against constructions that are carried out without a plan, without the necessary qualifications, without proper licenses, without prior approval, beyond the permitted scope of qualifications, or without adequate safety measures. All illegal and unlawful construction projects that fail to follow the statutory procedures for capital construction, do not prepare special construction plans and designs as required, or have personnel in key positions at the construction site failing to carry out their duties shall be ordered to suspend work for rectification ； Enterprises and responsible persons that fail to submit themselves to safety supervision in accordance with the law, and organize construction in a illegal or non-compliant manner, shall be punished to the fullest extent permitted by law and regulations ； All relevant units and individuals that persist in such illegal activities despite repeated prohibitions, engage in serious misconduct, and violate the law will be held strictly accountable in accordance with the law. 3. Strengthen safety production management and resolutely rectify any instances of illegal or irregular command. Relevant departments and production units must strengthen organizational leadership, enhance safety management at construction sites, urge enterprises to strictly comply with relevant laws and regulations as well as technical standards and to implement safety measures during construction; they should also thoroughly identify and address existing problems and potential hazards. The system of leaders being present at work sites must be strictly enforced to ensure that safety supervision instructions are properly carried out. Any instances of illegal instructions or improper operations must be firmly suppressed and addressed, in order to actively prevent the occurrence of various accidents. 4. Strengthen supervision over administrative law enforcement and ensure that enterprises assume primary responsibility for work safety. All levels and departments must earnestly implement the provisions of laws and regulations such as the Work Safety Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Construction Law of the People’s Republic of China, as well as the principles of shared responsibility among Party and government agencies, dual responsibilities for each position, and joint oversight in work safety, along with the requirements of the \"three musts.\" They should draw serious lessons from the major accident involving the collapse of a tower during the power line relocation project in Malipo County, carried out by Yunnan Jingkui Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd., on January 5th. It is necessary to strictly enforce the primary responsibility of enterprises (construction units and supervision units) for work safety, carefully analyze the work safety situation in construction projects and key industries, identify existing problems and potential hazards, strengthen management related to licensing and access, enhance administrative supervision and inspection, and take effective measures to ensure that these enterprises fulfill their primary responsibilities for work safety, thereby contributing to a continuous and stable improvement in the work safety situation across the entire region. 5. Strengthen safety education and training to further improve the technical skills and safety awareness of construction workers on engineering projects. This accident once again exposes issues in the construction management of engineering projects, such as the inadequate performance of on-site personnel from the construction and supervision units, as well as a lack of basic safety awareness. All levels of authorities and relevant departments must enforce strict qualification reviews and supervision, ensuring that the qualifications for project construction, as well as those of professional technicians and workers engaged in special tasks, are properly verified. It is necessary to further strengthen safety education and training for enterprise managers, safety officers, professional technicians, workers engaged in special operations, and all employees, to ensure that all types of workers, especially enterprise managers and safety management personnel, possess the necessary knowledge regarding safe production. They should be familiar with relevant safety regulations, operating procedures, and technical standards, as well as understand their responsibilities and safety operation skills for their respective positions, thereby truly improving the level of safety management and operations. 6. Strengthen **regulatory oversight and enhance safety management in industrial parks. All counties (cities), in particular Malipo County, should draw serious lessons from these accidents, strengthen law-based governance of public order, and establish a comprehensive safety production responsibility system that emphasizes shared responsibilities by the Party and government, dual responsibilities for each position, joint oversight, and accountability for failures to fulfill duties. They must pursue safe development, give top priority to safety, effectively address the issue of the role of safety production in local economic construction and social development, and adhere to the \"red lines\" regarding safety production. When attracting investment and launching projects, strict attention must be paid to safety standards; those that do not meet these requirements must not be allowed to proceed with construction or production ； It is necessary to effectively streamline the safety supervision system in industrial parks, further clarify the competent authorities for managing these parks and their surrounding areas, establish sound safety supervision agencies, and strengthen law enforcement capabilities at the grassroots level ； It is necessary to guide enterprises in strengthening safety management and assist grassroots levels and enterprises in overcoming challenges related to safe production. 7. It is recommended that Malipo County organize experts to conduct a comprehensive inspection of the power and low-voltage relocation projects in the Moshan area, with a focus on the infrastructure development there. If it does not meet the design requirements, the project contractor shall be ordered to carry out full rework and rectification. Investigation Team on the Serious Incident of Tower Collapse in the \"1·05\" Power Line Relocation Project in Wenshan Prefecture, January 20, 2018