【Haichuan Chemical Industry Site】China’s first onshore oil well __ Yan-1 Well

Take a look at the difference; the background is blocked in the elementary school image

According to records, the discovery and utilization of oil in northern Shaanxi dates back to the Qin and Han dynasties. Ban Gu of the Eastern Han Dynasty wrote in the \"Geography Chapter\" of the \"History of the Han Dynasty\": \"In Gao Nu, there is a river called Xiao Water, which is flammable.\" Shen Kuo of the Song dynasty recorded in his work \"Mengxi Bitan\": \"There is petroleum in the Fuyan region; it was traditionally said that the county of Gaonu produced oily water, and this is what is meant.\" He was the first to use the term \"petroleum\" and predicted that \"this substance will surely become widely used throughout the world in the future.\" The \"Yuan Yitongzhi\" states: \"To the south of Yanchang County, by the Yinghe River, there is a well from which oil is extracted; this oil can be used for lighting, and it also helps to treat scabies and other skin diseases in livestock. One hundred and ten pounds of this oil are delivered as tax each year.\" After the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were more detailed records of oil, along with maps showing the locations of the wells. In 1903, after the Deutsches Unternehmen Schichang Yanghang attempted to extend oil extraction, Yanjiang Oil attracted the attention of the authorities and Westerners.

In 1905, the Qing dynasty allocated 81,000 taels of silver to local officials as startup funds, appointed Hong Yin, a candidate county magistrate, as the \"chief supervisor,\" and initiated the establishment of the \"Yan’an Petroleum Official Factory.\" Construction of the relay road began in 1906; drills and oil refining equipment were purchased from Japan, and Japanese technicians such as Sato Yashirō, along with assistants and craftsmen, were hired to expand drilling and extraction activities. In 1907, the well site was determined, and on September 6 drilling reached a depth of 68.89 meters where oil was found in abundant quantities. The daily output of crude oil was 150–200 kilograms; using a small copper axe for processing, 12.5 kilograms of kerosene could be obtained per day. This kerosene was sent to Xi’an for testing, and it was found that its smoke was faint and its color white, making it comparable to imported kerosene. It spread both at home and abroad, receiving widespread praise. On September 10, drilling reached a depth of 81 meters and completion was achieved; the initial daily crude oil production was 1–1.5 tons, and the \"Yan’an Petroleum Official Plant\" was established. In the same year, a refining plant was built, and the name of the \"Yan’an Petroleum Official Plant\" attracted attention across the country. This well was later named “Yan Yi Well,” given the honorific title of “ancestor” of China’s petroleum industry. China’s petroleum industry thus took root, putting an end to the history of the Chinese mainland having no oil production.

“The “En-ichi” well produced oil at a depth of 68.89 meters for 10 years, maintaining a daily production rate of 1,250 kilograms, before decreasing year by year. It was depleted in 1934, with a total oil production of 2,550 tons. In April 1935, Liu Zhidan liberated Yanchang; the “Yanchang Petroleum Official Factory” was renamed the “Yanchang Petroleum Plant,” and it came under the jurisdiction of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. On May 25, 1944*, Chen Zhenxia, who was the factory manager at the time, personally inscribed the words “Work hard with dedication” as an encouragement. In 1951, the “Yan’an Petroleum Plant” was renamed the “Yan’an Oil Mine”. In 1978, the “Yan-1 well” was deepened to 152 meters; after fracturing, it produced 3,000 kilograms of crude oil per day at first, but then the production ceased. In October 1985, Kang Shien, then Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Petroleum, inscribed the words \"China’s first onshore oil well\" on it; a monument was erected to commemorate the 80th anniversary of the establishment of the Yanchang oil field. On November 20, 1996, the State Council designated the site of the “Yan Yi Well” as a national key cultural relic protection site, ranking it among the “greatest in China,” and Yanchang thus earned the reputation of being a “holy land of oil”.

The Yanchang oil field is the earliest natural oil field to be discovered and developed on the Chinese mainland. Since the establishment of the Yanchang Petroleum Official Factory in 1905, it has a history of over a century. During this period, the Yanchang Oilfield supplied thousands of technical and managerial professionals to the development of the country’s petroleum industry, making a significant contribution to it; it was hailed as the \"heroic oilfield\" and the \"mother of China’s petroleum industry\". The oil enterprise from those days has grown into the large state-owned company it is today – Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd. “The history of \"Yan Yi Jing\" is the history of China’s petroleum industry; it is a story of entrepreneurship marked by self-reliance, hard work, and trials endured through wars. Its emergence marked a significant first step in the development of China’s petroleum industry, and it has made an indelible contribution to the history of China’s petroleum sector.

Before the 1990s, there was a Zhuangyuan Hutong in Xinan Guan Community, Nanguan Sub-district, Weicheng District, Weifang City, Shandong Province. During the Qing Dynasty, this alley was known as “Xin Xiangzi” in the Southwest Gate of Weixian. The new alley runs from east to west, is about 300 meters long, and 2 to 4 meters wide. It is called New Alley because, compared to other alleys in the vicinity, this alley was formed relatively late. It was in this alley that, during the 27 years of the late Qing Dynasty, two top scholars in the imperial examinations emerged.

One is Cao Hongxun, who became the number one scholar in the imperial examinations in the second year of the Guangxu era (1876)； The second was Wang Shoupeng, who became the number one scholar in the imperial examinations in the 29th year of the Guangxu era (1903).