The main structure of Jiujiang Xinlianxin’s 600,000-ton synthetic ammonia and 520,000-ton urea washing tower has been successfully completed

Construction on the project officially began on September 27, 2018. It is located in the Jishan Chemical Industry Park in Pengze County, Jiangxi Province. The site for this project will be developed in two phases: the first phase involves projects such as an annual production capacity of 600,000 tons of synthetic ammonia, 520,000 tons of urea, 400,000 tons of dimethyl ether, as well as a port facility, in addition to an annual production capacity of 300,000 tons of compound fertilizers. Among them, the coal gasification unit will employ a multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology, with completion and commissioning scheduled for 2020. The second-phase project is planned to produce 500,000 tons of ethylene glycol, 200,000 tons of DMF, 200,000 tons of hydrogen peroxide, 400,000 tons of CO, 2,000 tons of high-purity ammonia, 300,000 tons of compound fertilizers, and other products. Construction is planned to begin in 2021, with completion and operation set for 2023; the total investment for both phases amounts to approximately 10 billion yuan

Multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology——a technology from East China University of Science and Technology.

It is estimated that the production of ammonia, urea, dimethyl ether, and compound fertilizers in the first phase will not generate much profit, as these are common products; only when products such as ethylene glycol, DMF, hydrogen peroxide, CO, and high-purity ammonia are produced in the second phase can comprehensive economic benefits be achieved.

Multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology. Entities possessing this technology: Yankuang Group Co., Ltd. and East China University of Science and Technology. Editor’s note: Gasification units are the core of coal chemical industries; choosing the appropriate gasification technology is directly related to the safe and stable operation as well as the economic efficiency of the entire coal chemical plant. The selection of gasification technology is one of the key factors for coal chemical plants and enterprises. To assist coal chemical enterprises in making informed choices regarding gasification technologies, starting from this issue, this magazine will introduce the major gasification technologies currently available in China. It will provide a comprehensive overview of these technologies, covering their technical characteristics, key parameters, suitability for different types of coal, development processes, market development status, typical application cases, and the latest developments. All materials presented in this gasification technology showcase are provided by relevant companies and do not represent the views or opinions of this publication. Shandong Yankuang Guotuo Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. is a high-tech enterprise specializing in the research and development, promotion, and technical services of chemical technologies. It is controlled by the Yankuang Group and was established in collaboration with renowned domestic research institutions, universities, survey and design firms, as well as other enterprises. Leveraging the strong corporate reputation of the Yankuang Group sowie its robust capabilities in technology research and development and technical services, the company is mainly engaged in activities such as chemical technology development, technical services, technology transfer, as well as the survey, design, and construction of chemical engineering projects. The company relies on Yankuang’s own research and development in chemical engineering technologies as well as its industrial-scale production facilities. It draws on the expertise of research and design institutions such as East China University of Science and Technology, the Engineering Research Center for Water-Coal Slurry Gasification and Coal Chemicals, and China Tianchen Engineering Corporation. Its team possesses top-tier theoretical knowledge and practical experience, reflecting a typical model of integration between industry, academia, and research. Shandong Yankuang Guotuo Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., together with East China University of Science and Technology, promotes the multi-nozzle gasification technology in the industry and provides technical theory as well as engineering service support. Since its establishment in July 2010, the company has signed 15 contracts for the transfer of this technology, reached more than 10 cooperation agreements with coal chemical enterprises at home and abroad, and also established cooperation intentions with various foreign research institutions and chemical companies. The multi-nozzle opposed gasification technology, which possesses complete independent intellectual property rights, was jointly developed by East China University of Science and Technology and Yankuang Group. During the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, East China University of Science and Technology established a mathematical model for multi-nozzle gasification technology and conducted laboratory tests. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, Yankuang Group took charge of the pilot-scale development of this technology and built a demonstration plant for it at Yankuang Guotai Chemical Co., Ltd. In 2005, the first large-scale multi-nozzle opposed gasification furnace with a capacity of 1,000 tons was successfully commissioned at Yankuang Guotai, marking the beginning of the development of large-scale clean coal production using water-coal slurry in China. The main characteristics of the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology are as follows: 1. Features of the gasification technology. The multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification process uses oxygen and water-coal slurry as raw materials, and employs a fluidized bed reactor to carry out partial oxidation reactions under pressurized, uncatalyzed conditions. This results in crude gas composed primarily of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which can be used as synthesis gas for the production of ammonia and methanol, or as a feed gas for hydrogen production (coal liquefaction, fuels), as well as as a fuel gas for IGCC power generation. The gasification pressure ranges from 1.5 to 8.7 MPa, and the temperature is between 1200 and 1400°C. The multi-nozzle gasification technique utilizes multiple nozzles arranged opposite to each other, along with an optimized furnace structure and dimensions, to create a turbulent flow within the furnace. This helps to enhance mixing and heat and mass transfer processes, as well as to establish an optimal flow pattern within the furnace, thereby achieving good process and engineering results. The resulting product features a high content of useful gases (CO+H2), a high carbon conversion rate, and a longer service life for the refractory bricks in the gasification furnace. The gas washing and cooling unit features a composite bed composed of a spray bed and a bubble bed, which provides excellent performance in suppressing water and ash contamination in the gas from the gasification furnace. The gas washing preliminary purification unit consists of a mixer, a cyclone separator, and a water washing tower, and features high efficiency and energy savings. The slag-containing heat recovery and slag removal unit features an evaporation hot water tower as its core equipment; it employs a process in which flash steam comes into direct contact with the returned gray water. This setup allows for high temperatures of the gray water, efficient utilization of steam, resistance to slag blockage, high heat recovery efficiency, and a long operational lifespan. Since its industrial deployment in 2005, the multi-nozzle water-coal slurry gasification technology has undergone numerous upgrades, modifications, and improvements thanks to the continuous efforts of research institutions and end-users. Furthermore, it has been tested in various operating units, which has led to an increasing demonstration of its safety, stability, reliability, and operational efficiency.

(1) Technical advantages: 1. Technologically safe, mature, and reliable. The multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology has gone through stages such as fundamental theoretical research, laboratory development, pilot testing, industrial demonstration, and commercial application, and has thus developed a comprehensive theoretical foundation as well as experience in engineering implementation and production management； To date, 25 gasification units operated by 10 companies are using this technology, and its reliability has been verified through the operation of multiple production units ； By cultivating a large number of talents in basic research, engineering design, technical management, and operation throughout the processes of technology research and development, design, construction, and production, comprehensive technical support can be provided to users. 2. Advanced technology, excellent performance indicators, and low comprehensive energy consumption. The results of tests on various operating units show that the carbon conversion rate using multi-nozzle gasification technology can reach 99%, while the proportion of useful gases (CO+H2) in slurry coal gasification can reach up to 85%. Compared with similar gasification technologies both domestically and internationally, it achieves a lower coal consumption and oxygen consumption by about 3% under the same operating conditions ； A staged gas washing system is employed, which provides excellent washing efficiency; the dust content in the product gas is less than 1 mg/Nm3 ； A direct heat-exchange flash system is employed; the heat recovery system features a rational flow design, high efficiency, and is easy to operate and maintain. 3. Suitable for larger-scale installation: The use of four nozzles for feeding ensures an excellent atomization effect, thereby increasing the conversion rate of the raw materials ； Each feed line has a small diameter, which reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the pipes and valves, thereby lowering investment costs ； The load per furnace is high; the maximum daily coal input for the operating gasification furnaces has reached 2,000 tons, while the designed maximum daily coal input is 3,000 tons. For large-scale coal chemical plants, a high load per furnace allows for a reduction in the number of production lines, thereby lowering the overall investment cost. The multi-nozzle gasification technology has been serialized, with the nominal daily coal processing capacity per furnace ranging from 1,000 tons to 3,000 tons. The nominal gasification pressures are 1.5 MPa, 4.0 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 8.7 MPa. There are 17 gasifiers in operation with a daily processing capacity of 1,500 tons or more; 27 gasifiers of 2,000-ton capacity, 26 gasifiers of 2,500-ton capacity, and 5 gasifiers of 3,000-ton capacity are under construction or in the design phase. 4. Low wastewater discharge, resulting in reduced environmental pressure. Due to the high carbon conversion rate, the wash water contains low levels of fine ash, making it easy to separate the slag from the water. The quality of this ash-water mixture is good, and its reuse rate is high; approximately 0.3 tons of water are discharged per ton of coal processed (to the sewage treatment plant) ； After the high-temperature reaction, the wastewater contains no refractory organic substances such as phenols and tar; it can be discharged up to standard standards after simple biochemical treatment. The coal slurry preparation unit can also use biologically treated wastewater as water for slurry production, thereby reducing the load and costs on the wastewater treatment unit. 5. The device is simple and stable to operate, with a high online rate. Its unique pressure-preserving sequential startup technology enables the gasification furnace and subsequent systems to handle faults without shutting down, **enhancing fault resistance, increasing effective production time, and reducing the number of system shutdowns.

(II) Introduction to the multi-nozzle gasification process: Coal coming from the coal transportation section is loaded into the coal bin. After being accurately measured by a weighing feeder, it enters the coal grinder together with the filtrate clarified from the filtrate tank, as well as some raw water and solid and liquid additives. Under the action of these additives, the coal and water are ground into a pumpable coal slurry with a specific concentration, viscosity, and particle size distribution. After large particles are removed via a drum screen, the coal slurry flows into the inlet tank of the coal grinder; from there it is pumped to another drum screen for further screening before being stored in the slurry tank for later use. The slurry in the slurry tank is pressurized by two slurry feed pumps and then sent to the four process burners in the gasifier. High-pressure oxygen from the air separation system is also divided into four streams, which are supplied to the central channels and outer ring channels of the four process burners respectively. The coal slurry and oxygen are injected into the gasifier through process nozzles, where a partial oxidation reaction takes place in the combustion chamber of the gasifier. The resulting crude syngas and slag enter the washing and cooling chamber of the gasifier via the slag outlet at the bottom of the combustion chamber; they flow downward together with the washing and cooling water along the downcomer. After being cooled, the crude syngas is further washed and cooled in a bubbling manner below the liquid level in the washing and cooling chamber, before exiting the gasifier from the upper space of this chamber ； The crude syngas exiting the gasification furnace is humidified in a mixer; after most of the wet fine ash is separated in a cyclone separator, it is sent to a washing tower for dust removal. Once the dust content in the syngas is reduced to <1 mg/m3, it is sent to the purification system ； In the water bath of the washing and cooling chamber, the slag passes through a static slag breaker and is then carried by the circulating water in the lockhopper into the lockhopper, from where it is regularly discharged to the slag pond ； The unreacted carbon remains suspended in the black water and is taken to the slag-containing water treatment process for further processing. The three streams of washed black water coming from the gasifier, cyclone separator, and washing tower are depressurized and then sent to the evaporation chamber of the evaporative hot water tower. The depressurized black water flashes in the evaporation chamber of this tower; water vapor as well as some acidic gases dissolved in the black water, such as CO2 and H2S, are rapidly vaporized. These gases enter the upper hot water chamber of the evaporative hot water tower through the rising pipes, where they come into direct contact with the ash water supplied by the low-pressure ash water pump. The low-pressure ash water is thereby heated ； The uncondensed flash vapor after heat exchange enters the acid gas condenser where it is condensed; thereafter, gas and liquid are separated using an acid gas separator. The acidic gases are discharged to a flare for combustion, while the acidic condensate is sent to the graywater tank. After preliminary concentration, the black water is fed into the low-pressure flasher through a liquid level control valve located in the evaporation chamber at the bottom of the hot water evaporator for further flashing. Some of the steam goes to a deoxidation tank for deoxygenation, while the remaining steam enters the low-pressure flash condenser where it is condensed again. Gas and liquid are separated using a low-pressure flash separator, the acidic gases are vented, and the condensate is sent to the graywater tank ； The black water after low-pressure flash concentration enters the vacuum flasher for vacuum flash evaporation ； The gas after flash evaporation is cooled and cooled further through a vacuum flash evaporator, separated, and then released into the atmosphere; the separated liquid flows automatically into the coal grinding water tank ； The further concentrated black water is mixed with a flocculant via a static mixer before being fed into a clarification tank. The flocculant added in this tank serves to enhance the sedimentation of solid particles in the concentrated black water. After further concentration and sedimentation, the black water is pumped from the bottom of the clarification tank to a filter press system for filtration; the filter cake is removed from the system, while the filtrate flows automatically into the coal grinding water tank ； The clarified graywater from the clarification tank overflows into the graywater tank, where it is pressurized by a low-pressure graywater pump and sent to the hot water chamber of the evaporation hot water tower. After being heated, it is pressurized again by a high-temperature hot water pump and returned to the washing tower for reuse.

III. Market Application Status: Since its industrial adoption, the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology has been applied in over 30 enterprises, with a total of 85 units in use. Currently, 25 gasifiers owned by 10 enterprises are in commercial operation; the maximum processing capacity of these operating gasifiers is 2,000 tons per day, while the designed maximum capacity is 3,000 tons per day. In July 2008, after conducting numerous investigations around the world, the American company VALERO purchased the multi-nozzle opposed gasification technology for a licensing fee of over 100 million yuan. This marked the first time that a large-scale chemical processing technology with independent intellectual property rights in China was exported to developed countries, breaking the monopoly held by foreign multinational companies over the gasification technology market for nearly 50 years. The list of companies whose production capacity is being transferred is as follows: Number, Contracting Company, Nominal Processing Capacity per Unit (t/d), Transfer Status. 1. Hualu Hengsheng: 7501 units, 6.5 MPa; 2. Yankuang Guotai Chemical Co., Ltd.: 11502 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 3. Jiangsu Linggu Chemical Co., Ltd.: 20001 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 4. Xinneng Phoenix (Tengzhou) Fertilizer Co., Ltd.: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 5. Jiangsu Sopco Group: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 6. Yankuang Lunan Fertilizer Factory: 11501 units, 4.0 MPa; 7. Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd.: 20002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 8. Ningbo Wanhua Polyurethanes Co., Ltd.: 12002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 9. Shandong Jiutai Energy Co., Ltd.: 20004 units (2 in operation, 2 as backups), 6.5 MPa; 10. Anhui Huayi Chemical Co., Ltd.: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 11. Shandong Shengda Technology Co., Ltd.: 20001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 12. Valero USA: 25004 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.2 MPa; 13. Yankuang Xinjiang Coal Chemical Co., Ltd.: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 14. Shanghai Coking Co., Ltd.: 20001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 15. Hangzhou Banshan Power Plant: 20001 units, 3.5 MPa; 16. Panhai Energy Investment Baotou Co., Ltd.: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 17. Shandong Haili Chemical Co., Ltd.: 20001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 18. Inner Mongolia Rongxin Chemical Co., Ltd.: 25002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 19. Anyang Yingde Gas Co., Ltd.: 20001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 20. Henan Xinlianxin Fertilizer Co., Ltd.: 12002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 21. Yantai Wanhua Polyurethanes Co., Ltd.: 15002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 22. Inner Mongolia Wuyuan Jinniu Coal Chemical Co., Ltd.: 13001 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 23. Qinghai Salt Lake Industry Group Co., Ltd.: 22002 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 24. Shaanxi Future Energy Chemical Co., Ltd.: 20006 units (2 in operation, 2 as backups), 4.0 MPa; 25. Zhongyan Kunshan Co., Ltd.: 12001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 26. Ningbo China Gold Petrochemical Co., Ltd.: 10001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 1.5 MPa; 27. Ordos Guotai Chemical Co., Ltd.: 20001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa; 28. Yitai Ili Energy Co., Ltd.: 30004 units (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 4.0 MPa; 29. Xinjiang Xinlianxin Energy Chemical Co., Ltd.: 15001 unit (1 in operation, 1 as backup), 6.5 MPa

150 sets of multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification furnaces have been installed 2018-05-25 14:40 Source: Huahua Net Coal Chemicals On May 22, a grand kick-off meeting was held for the second phase of the coal-to-natural gas project at Inner Mongolia HuiNeng Coal Chemicals Co., Ltd. The project plans to construct 3 multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasifiers with a diameter of 4.0 m. To date, the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology developed by East China University of Science and Technology has been successfully transferred to 55 projects (including 2 overseas), resulting in a total of 150 gasifiers. It is reported that this technology transfer is a milestone for the promotion of the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology, marking the first time that the gasification technology developed by East China University of Science and Technology has entered the coal-to-natural gas market. The 6.5 MPa, 4.0 m diameter gasification furnace used in this project saw the first transfer of its technology outside of the demonstration plant. This furnace type is the super-large gasification furnace to be constructed as part of a key research and development project under the 13th Five-Year Plan, undertaken by East China University of Science and Technology and Yankuang Group (with a capacity to process 4,000 tons of coal per day per furnace); it is also the largest coal-water slurry gasification furnace of its kind that is being planned for construction in the world. Inner Mongolia HuiNeng Coal Chemical Co., Ltd. uses coal as raw material and employs efficient and clean conversion technologies to produce and sell clean energy sources such as coal-to-natural gas (SNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG), while also dealing in by-products such as sulfur that meets national standards. The Huineng coal-to-natural gas project was approved in December 2009 by the **National Development and Reform Commission through the “Reply on the Approval of the Project for Producing 1.6 billion cubic meters of Coal-to-Natural Gas per Year by Inner Mongolia Huineng Coal Chemical Co., Ltd.” (Document No. FGNY [2009] 3066). It is one of the demonstration projects for coal-to-natural gas in **. The company’s first-phase project successfully completed its trial run with a one-time feed-in in October 2014. The second phase of the project utilizes the multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology developed by East China University of Science and Technology to produce syngas. There are two gasifiers in operation with one as a backup, and the effective gas output (CO+H2) per gasifier is 210,000 standard cubic meters per hour. Since the operation of the first 1,000-ton-class demonstration unit in 2005, East China University of Science and Technology’s multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology has led to the development of a series of gasification units based on parameters such as the scale of a single furnace, pressure level, and size of the gasification furnace. These include series of units categorized by the daily coal processing capacity of 1,000 tons, 1,500 tons, 2,000 tons, 2,500 tons, 3,000 tons, and 4,000 tons per furnace; series of units classified by operating pressures of 6.5 MPa, 4.0 MPa (including 4.2 MPa), and 1.5 MPa; and series of units defined by the inner diameter of the gasification furnace’s metal shell being 2.8 m, 3.2 m, 3.4 m, 3.6 m, 3.88 m, 4.0 m, or 4.2 m. 23 projects are operating using this technology, with 63 gasification furnaces in use.

A super-large multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification unit with an output of 200,000 Nm3/h of usable gas has been put into operation. Published by: Website Administrator. Publication date: 2019-02-25. Authors: Wang Xingjun, Guo Qinghua. News from the integrated refining and chemical processing project at Hengli Petrochemical (Dalian) Co., Ltd. indicates that the first gasification furnace of this unit, developed jointly by East China University of Science and Technology and Yankuang Group Co., Ltd., achieved successful operation on its first attempt on February 15, 2019. This gasification unit produces 200,000 Nm3/h of effective gas (CO+H2) per furnace. At present, the gasifier is operating at full capacity, with stable performance and excellent technical parameters. The product gas from the operational gasification unit serves as feed gas for both the hydrogen production line and various related chemical production lines. The gasification unit of Hengli’s 20 million tons per year integrated refining and chemical processing project features a total of 6 upgraded multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasifiers with a diameter of 3.88 meters each. The gasification teams from East China University of Science and Technology and Yankuang Group Co., Ltd., based on a gasifier with an effective gas production capacity of 160,000 Nm3/h per unit, have successfully developed an ultra-large-scale multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology with an effective gas production capacity of 200,000 Nm3/h per unit, through the optimized design of the gasifier’s furnace structure. Gasifiers of this scale are the largest coal-water slurry gasifiers in operation worldwide at present, pushing the effective gas production rate of 160,000 Nm3/h per unit once again to new heights and maintaining the technology’s leading position internationally. Gasification technology has evolved from an initial effective gas output per furnace of less than 50,000 Nm3/h to less than 100,000 Nm3/h, and further from around 100,000 Nm3/h to the current level of 200,000 Nm3/h per furnace. This development provides technical support for the clean and efficient utilization of coal, while also **reducing investment costs and saving on operation and maintenance expenses. The successful operation of a multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification unit with an effective gas capacity of 200,000 Nm3/h per furnace has marked a significant advancement in the scale of water-coal slurry gasification technology. It has provided valuable experience for more than 10 ongoing projects of this type, with each furnace having an effective gas capacity of 200,000 Nm3/h or more, including those carried out by Inner Mongolia Rongxin, Inner Mongolia HuiNeng, and Zhejiang Petrochemical. This development is of great significance for advancing the scaling up of multi-nozzle opposed water-coal slurry gasification technology. It offers an optimal technology for building large-scale integrated refining and chemical projects as well as coal-based energy and chemical manufacturing bases in China. Moreover, it lays a solid foundation for the development and demonstration of gasification units capable of processing 4,000 tons of coal per day per furnace.