What are the working principles of a shot blasting machine?

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1 The sandblasting process and the working principle of sandblasting equipment. Sandblasting refers to a technique in which pellets (steel balls or sand grains) are propelled at high speeds and at a certain angle onto a work surface using mechanical means; these pellets impact the work surface. Afterwards, the pellets along with the debris removed are cleaned using an air stream from a built-in vacuum cleaner, allowing the pellets to be recovered and reused. The shot blasting machine is equipped with a dust collector, enabling dust-free and pollution-free operation, which improves efficiency while protecting the environment. According to their mode of movement, shot blasting machines can be divided into three types: hand-cranked, vehicle-mounted, and self-propelled. When operating a shot blasting machine, by controlling and selecting the particle size and shape of the shot, as well as adjusting and setting the machine’s traveling speed, it is possible to control the flow rate of the shot being ejected, thereby achieving different levels of blasting intensity and obtaining various surface treatment effects. 1.2 Control of the quality of surface shot blasting The shot blasting process and equipment utilize three parameters to control the condition of the surface after treatment, depending on the type of surface that needs to be treated. Select the size and shape of the pellets ； The traveling speed of the equipment ； The flow rate of the pellets. By working together, these three parameters enable different treatment effects, ensuring the desired surface roughness after shot blasting. Drum-type shot blasting machine: It uses a high-speed rotating impeller to propel shot at the continuously turning castings and forgings, removing oxide scale and achieving a uniform surface finish on the workpieces, thus revealing their true metallic color. Caterpillar-type shot blasting cleaner: It uses high-strength, wear-resistant rubber caterpillars or manganese steel caterpillars to hold the workpieces; high-speed projectiles are sent at these caterpillars to strike the workpieces that are turned over on them, thereby achieving the purpose of cleaning. Turntable-type shot blasting cleaner: A variable-frequency shot blasting device is used to apply a uniform force of steel shots to the surface of the workpiece, ensuring that the coverage rate of steel shots on the surface exceeds 98%, thereby achieving a strengthening effect. Chain-driven step-type shot blasting cleaner: It uses a multi-station system with fixed positions for shot blasting in order to remove sand adhering to the surface of castings as well as oxide scales, thereby restoring the metal’s original color to the castings.