Need help with two questions?
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1. In the calculation of U-type tube sheets, why are the radial stresses at the center of the tube sheet, the edge of the tube routing area, and the outer edge of the tube sheet not considered in the calculation of A-type tube sheets? 2. For large-diameter bolts in high-voltage equipment, strength calculations are not performed; what measures can be taken in the design to ensure they do not fail? I would appreciate some guidance from those who are more experienced.
Upon careful consideration, in connection method a of U-tube heat exchangers, the tube sheet is simply supported, with radial stress being zero; therefore, no verification is required.