Machining Center 2

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The classification of machining centers can vary greatly. However, based on the machining condition of the parts, they can generally be divided into two categories: turning and milling centers, and boring and milling centers. That is, the intelligent derivative machining centers for lathes, and the derivative machining centers for boring and milling machines. The machining range of turn-mill centers is geared toward rotary parts (mainly shafts and discs), while that of boring-mill centers is aimed at general-purpose parts. Based on the direction of the machining center’s spindle, they can be divided into vertical and horizontal machining centers. Based on the degrees of freedom of the machine tool, they can be classified as 3-axis, 4-axis, and 5-axis (which can be used to manufacture submarine propulsion impellers). Generally speaking, the most widely used domestic machine type is the three-axis vertical machining center, with the spindle arranged vertically; it has degrees of freedom in X/Y/Z, and typically the worktable moves in the X/Y directions. The main spindle moves in the Z direction; it is used for processing parts on one side only. Due to its low cost, it is widely used and thus has a high level of adoption. If a matching hydraulic transfer case is used, that is, a horizontal control rotation head is added, four-axis functionality can also be achieved; this is commonly used for machining helical grooves on shafts. The common type of 4-axis machining center is the horizontal machining center, in which the spindle is arranged horizontally and the worktable can rotate to add an additional degree of freedom; it is used for machining parts from multiple sides. Due to the long processing time for polyhedra, multiple workstations are typically set up to improve efficiency and facilitate operators in clamping the components. Therefore, horizontal machining centers are generally multi-station, with 2 stations being common and up to 6 stations in some cases. Horizontal machining centers have a relatively high cost, usually in the millions, due to the presence of a B-axis (table rotation) and factors such as the required repeat positioning accuracy for such machines. Therefore, it is not very common in the market, but there are some specialized manufacturing plants that are highly skilled; it might be worthwhile to visit them in person to see what they have to offer.