Converter inlet temperature

According to the catalyst manufacturer’s instructions.

What are the commonly used catalysts for transformation?

It seems that k8-11 has poor low-temperature activity, so a higher inlet temperature is required to achieve high activity. Initially in China, the best transformation catalysts were produced by Shandong Qilu Keli Research Institute; catalysts in strip and spherical forms such as QCS-01, QCS-04, and QCS-11 were among them. There are also a few other companies that originated from Qilu Keli.

Pay attention to two points: one is the minimum activity temperature of the catalyst, and the other is the temperature at which water vapor leaks under operating conditions.

A shift converter does not have just one operating temperature; depending on the different gasification processes and required conversion rates, the operating conditions of such a converter vary； For fixed-bed gas production, the CO concentration at the inlet is around 30%, while it is 1.5–3% at the outlet. If the reaction takes place in three stages, the inlet temperature for the first stage is 200–220°C, with the peak temperature reaching 370–380°C℃ ； Second-stage inlet: 200~210°C, hot spot: 280~290℃ ； The three-stage inlet is 180~190°C, and the hot spot is 230~240°C. The shift reaction is an exothermic reaction; therefore, it is influenced by the shift equilibrium constant. The lower the temperature of the shift reaction, the higher the conversion rate, which gives rise to the concept of catalyst activity at low temperatures. However, during operation, it is advisable to avoid working at a dew point temperature of around 20°C, in order to prevent the catalyst from absorbing water and clumping together, which could lead to the loss of its active components. Therefore, it is recommended to use an inlet temperature of 180°C in the initial stage; once the inlet temperature rises to 260°C at the later stage, it indicates that the low-temperature activity has been essentially lost. Moreover, due to reaction equilibrium issues such as excessively high hotspot temperatures and high steam consumption, replacement becomes necessary.

According to the catalyst manufacturer’s instructions, it is higher than the minimum activity temperature for different stages of the catalyst.

The K8-11HR catalyst is used at 8.0 MPa and a H2O/gas ratio of 1.4; an inlet temperature of 275–285°C at the beginning of operation is appropriate. The operating temperature for K8-11 series catalysts is related to process conditions such as system pressure and water vapor ratio.

Which specific temperature is meant by the hotspot temperature mentioned here?

The temperature at the highest point in the bed layer.

There are KC series sulfur-resistant shift catalysts, as well as KC series presulfided catalysts.