How to design a cooling tower?

Selection: The cooling capacity of various types of cooling towers (i.e., x t/h) refers to the nominal flow rate of that tower under design conditions and specified meteorological parameters. During design, the operating flow rate and number of towers should be determined based on the climate conditions of the specific location and the users served by the towers, with an appropriate safety factor included. When selecting a cooling tower, in addition to factors such as its cooling efficiency, power consumption, noise level, and price, flame-retardant cooling towers should be given priority based on fire prevention requirements and environmental conditions. (2) Installation location: During the preliminary design phase, careful consideration should be given to the location of the cooling tower. Cooling towers are noisy, so their installation location should be chosen carefully to avoid affecting other rooms. It should maintain a certain distance from residential and office buildings, so that the noise level generated by the cooling tower is reduced to ≤55 dB(A) during the day and ≤45 dB(A) at night. It should not be placed on the roof or ground in the middle; it is best to locate it on the highest floor of the building. (3) Weight: According to Japanese data, the weight of a cooling tower is approximately 0.8 tons per horizontal meter squared, while it is around 2–3 tons for vertical types. Domestic cooling towers are available for selection as per requirements. (4) Connectors: Regarding the connectors around the cooling tower, the following points should be noted: 1) The outlet pipe of the cooling tower must return to the water pump by gravity; it must not bend upwards or downwards. It is advisable to have a straight pipe section with a length of 5 times the pipe diameter from the water pump inlet, so as not to affect the pump’s efficiency. 2) For several cooling towers operating in parallel, the water distribution can be uneven, which easily leads to overflow. Therefore, during design, it is important to ensure balance in the pipe resistance between the various cooling towers, especially in the section from the tower to the water pump inlet pipe. At the same time, it is desired to connect the water tanks of the cooling tower using pressure equalizing (balance) pipes with the same diameter as the inlet main pipe. Furthermore, in order to maintain a consistent water level in the cooling tower, the outlet main pipe should use a collector pipe two sizes larger than the inlet main pipe. 3) When several cooling towers are connected in parallel, the foundation height of each tower should be determined based on the same water level: a certain project has 10 floors above ground, 4 floors below ground, and another 3 floors of towers on the roof. On the 5th floor, there is a computer room equipped with water-cooling units; the cooling towers are located on top of the tower, while the water pumps are situated inside the tower beneath the roof, and they are mounted on the inlet pipes of the cooling towers. As a result, circulation does not occur, and severe vibration is generated. Reason: The suction head of the water pump is less than the resistance of the pipeline network.

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