On the issue of local resistance in fittings
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When calculating the head of a pump, how do experts choose the local resistance coefficients of the pipe fittings? The chemical engineering textbooks provide relatively little data.
As a rough estimate, for the fittings required (valves, elbows), there are recommended pressure drops for pipes made of different materials (pressure drop per 100 meters of pipe), and then the pressure drop required to overcome the height over which the fluid needs to be pumped must be added as well.