Daily Question 2016.8.23 (EIA Discussion): 3 Wealth points for replies, plus 5 Wealth points for correct answers (multiple-choice question)

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The time periods that should be included in the engineering analysis of a highway construction project are ( ). A. Construction preparation period B. Construction period C. Operation period D. Decommissioning period. Answer: BC. Explanation: Engineering analysis should cover the survey and design phase, the construction phase, and the operation phase, with a focus on these latter two phases. It involves identifying sources of impact and the ways in which they affect the environment, taking into account factors such as the environmental ecosystem, sound pollution, water quality, air quality, solid waste, and the social environment, as well as estimating the intensity of these impacts. The focus of engineering analysis during the survey and design phase is site selection, route determination, and resettlement of affected populations. It details the relative positions between the project and various protected areas, regional road network plans, various construction plans, as well as environmentally sensitive areas, along with the potential impacts that may arise. The construction period is the main stage during which ecological damage and soil erosion occur in highway projects; special attention should be paid to the environmental impacts and ecological damages caused by the land used for the project, bridge and tunnel constructions, as well as auxiliary works (temporary structures during construction). In the analysis of land used for projects, specify the types and quantities of temporarily leased land and permanently acquired land, particularly the locations and quantities of land that constitutes prime agricultural farmland ； For bridge and tunnel projects, it is necessary to specify the location, scale, construction methods, and construction timeline ； Auxiliary works include access roads, construction access paths, construction camps, work sites, various material storage areas, and waste debris disposal areas. It is necessary to specify their locations, the types and sizes of temporary land used, as well as the plans for restoring such land; attention should also be paid to the preservation and utilization of topsoil. During the construction period, attention should be paid to the environmental issues caused by the activities related to the main project. For example, subgrade excavation work involves issues related to the disposal or utilization of soil as well as its transportation; subgrade filling requires materials to be brought in and transported; tunnel excavation involves the disposal of excavated material and blasting; bridge foundation construction entails the removal of sediment and waste materials from the bottom layer. During the operation period, factors such as traffic noise, the \"three wastes\" generated in the management and service areas, barriers posed by linear infrastructure, and landscape impacts are primarily taken into consideration. Meanwhile, based on the environmental characteristics of the areas along the route and the types of goods that may be transported, potential environmental pollution and risk incidents that could arise during transportation are identified.