【Basic Knowledge of Occupational Health】Occupational Hazardous Factors
Thread Content
This post was last edited by slll611 on 2016-3-5 21:25. Everyone is probably aware of harmful factors; so what are occupational harmful factors? I. Definition: In GBZ1-2010 \"Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises\" and GBZ/T 224-2010 \"Terminology in Occupational Health\", occupational hazardous factors are defined as follows: Occupational hazardous factors, also known as factors that cause occupational diseases, are those factors or conditions that arise and/or exist in occupational activities and may have an adverse impact on the health, safety, and working capacity of occupational workers; these include chemical, physical, biological, and other such factors. II. Classification: 1. Chemical factors: Active substances that can be harmful to health, such as raw materials, intermediates, finished products encountered in production, as well as waste gases, wastewater, and waste residues generated during the production process. Substances that are harmful to the human body when consumed in small amounts are called poisons. Toxins are dispersed in the air in the form of dust, fumes, mist, vapor, or gas. (1) Toxic substances: such as lead, mercury, benzene, chlorine, carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticides, etc. (2) Productive dusts: such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, cement dust, organic dusts, etc. 2. Physical factors: They are components of the production environment. (1) Abnormal weather conditions: such as high temperatures, low temperatures, high humidity, etc. (2) Abnormal air pressure: such as high pressure, low pressure, etc. (3) Noise, vibration, ultrasonic waves, infrasound, etc. (4) Non-ionizing radiation: such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio frequency radiation, microwaves, lasers, etc. (5) Ionizing radiation: such as X-rays, gamma rays, etc. 3. Biological factors: Pathogenic microorganisms or parasites present in the raw materials used in production and in the working environment, such as Bacillus anthracis, fungal spores, Brucella, forest encephalitis virus, and molds on bagasse ； Infectious pathogens encountered by medical workers, such as the SARS virus. The above are the productive factors, as well as socio-economic factors and aspects related to lifestyle, etc. Socio-economic factors include economic globalization, gross national product (GNP), wealth distribution, level of education and culture, ecological environment, labor legislation, and healthcare systems, all of which can affect the health of working people. Such as low production management levels, inadequate factory buildings or equipment, excessive physical strain, and unreasonable production layout. Lifestyle-related issues include: (1) imperfect labor organization and systems, as well as unreasonable work arrangements ； (2) Mental (psychological) occupational stress, (3) changes in work rhythm, shift work, and night shifts ； (4) Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption ； (5) Prolonged exposure to poor body positions or use of inappropriate tools ； (6) Lack of physical exercise ； (7) Individuals lack awareness of health and prevention ； (8) Violation of safety operating procedures and neglect of self-care ； (9) Excessive labor intensity or inappropriate production quotas, with tasks assigned that are not suited to the workers’ physical conditions ； (10) Excessive strain on certain organs or systems, such as eye strain.
Occupational hazard factors can be classified into the following three categories based on their source: (1) Hazardous factors in the production process: 1. Chemical factors: including various chemicals used in the production process as well as occupational dusts. 2. Physical factors: include abnormal weather conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation, etc. 3. Biological factors: infectious pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis, Brucella, and forest encephalitis virus. (II) Harmful factors in the work process mainly include unreasonable work organization and labor systems, excessive work intensity, excessive mental or psychological stress, overstrain of certain organs or systems during work, prolonged poor posture, and inappropriate work tools. (III) Hazardous factors in the production environment mainly include natural environmental factors, unreasonable building design or layout of the factory, and production environment pollution caused by hazardous substances emitted from other production processes.
(1) Toxic substances: such as lead, mercury, benzene, chlorine, carbon monoxide, organophosphorus pesticides, etc. (2) Productive dusts: such as silica dust, asbestos dust, coal dust, cement dust, organic dusts, etc. (3) Abnormal weather conditions: such as high temperatures, low temperatures, high humidity, etc. (4) Abnormal air pressure: such as high pressure, low pressure, etc. (5) Noise, vibration, ultrasonic waves, infrasound, etc. (6) Non-ionizing radiation: such as visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared light, radio frequency radiation, microwaves, lasers, etc. (7) Ionizing radiation: such as X-rays, gamma rays, etc.
Occupational hazards, also known as factors that cause occupational diseases, refer to the collective term for all elements or conditions that are generated and/or present in the production process and its environment, and which may have an adverse effect on the health, safety, and working capacity of occupational workers. It can be divided into production environment factors, socioeconomic factors, lifestyle, and the quality of health services, etc
There are a total of 497 types of occupational hazards.
Noise, dust, radiation, high temperatures, low temperatures, and so on
Factors can be classified into the following three categories based on their source: (1) Hazardous factors in the production process: 1. Chemical factors: including various chemicals and occupational dusts present during the production process. 2. Physical factors: include abnormal weather conditions, abnormal air pressure, noise, vibration, non-ionizing radiation, ionizing radiation, etc. 3. Biological factors: infectious pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis, Brucella, and forest encephalitis virus. (II) Harmful factors in the work process mainly include unreasonable work organization and labor systems, excessive work intensity, excessive mental or psychological stress, overstrain of certain organs or systems during work, prolonged poor posture, and inappropriate work tools. (III) Hazardous factors in the production environment mainly include natural environmental factors, unreasonable building design or layout of the factory, and production environment pollution caused by hazardous substances emitted from other production processes.