Common unit conversions in petrochemicals

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This post was last edited by WoBenShanliang on April 3, 2016, at 07:49.
Length: 1 kilometer (km) = 0.621 miles (mile); 1 meter (m) = 3.281 feet (ft) = 1.094 yards (yd); 1 centimeter (cm) = 0.394 inches (in); 1 Ångström = 10⁻¹⁰ meters; 1 mile = 1.609 kilometers; 1 fathom (fm) = 1.829 meters; 1 foot (ft) = 0.3048 meters; 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeters; 1 nautical mile = 1.852 kilometers; 1 chain = 66 feet = 20.1168 meters; 1 yard (yd) = 0.9144 meters; 1 mil = 0.0254 millimeters; 1 foot = 12 inches; 1 yard = 3 feet; 1 rod = 16.5 feet; 1 mile = 5280 feet; 1 nautical mile = 1.1516 miles.

Area: 1 square kilometer (km²) = 100 hectares (ha) = 247.1 acres = 0.386 square miles; 1 square meter (m²) = 10.764 square feet; 1 are = 100 square meters; 1 hectare = 10,000 square meters = 2.471 acres; 1 square mile = 2.590 square kilometers; 1 acre = 0.4047 hectares = 4.047×10⁻³ square kilometers = 4047 square meters; 1 square foot = 0.093 square meters; 1 square inch = 6.452 square centimeters; 1 square yard = 0.8361 square meters.

Volume: 1 cubic meter (m³) = 1000 liters = 35.315 cubic feet = 6.29 barrels; 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic meters = 28.317 liters; 1 thousand cubic feet (MCF) = 28.317 cubic meters; 1 million cubic feet (MMCF) = 28,317 cubic meters; 1 billion cubic feet (BCF) = 28,317,000 cubic meters; 1 trillion cubic feet (TCF) = 28,317,000,000 cubic meters; 1 cubic inch = 16.3871 cubic centimeters; 1 acre-foot = 1234 cubic meters; 1 barrel = 0.159 cubic meters = 42 US gallons; 1 US gallon = 3.785 liters; 1 US quart = 0.946 liters; 1 US pint = 0.473 liters; 1 US gill = 0.118 liters; 1 UK gallon = 4.546 liters.

Mass: 1 tonne = 1000 kilograms = 2205 pounds = 1.102 short tons = 0.984 long tons; 1 kilogram = 2.205 pounds; 1 short ton = 0.907 tonnes = 2000 pounds; 1 long ton = 1.016 tonnes; 1 pound = 0.454 kilograms; 1 ounce = 28.350 grams.

Density: 1 kilogram per cubic meter = 0.001 gram per cubic centimeter = 0.0624 pounds per cubic foot; 1 pound per cubic foot = 16.02 kilograms per cubic meter; 1 pound per cubic inch = 27,679.9 kilograms per cubic meter; 1 pound per US gallon = 119.826 kilograms per cubic meter; 1 pound per UK gallon = 99.776 kilograms per cubic meter; 1 pound per barrel of oil = 2.853 kilograms per cubic meter; Baumé density: B = 140/(specific gravity at 15.5°C) – 130; API gravity: 141.5/(specific gravity at 15.5°C) – 131.5.

Kinematic viscosity: 1 square foot per second = 9.29030×10⁻² square meters per second; 1 stoke = 10⁻⁴ square meters per second = 1 square centimeter per second; 1 centistoke = 10⁻⁶ square meters per second = 1 square millimeter per second.

Dynamic viscosity: 1 poise = 0.1 Pascal-seconds; 1 centipoise = 10⁻³ Pascal-seconds; 1 kilogram-force-second per square meter = 9.80665 Pascal-seconds; 1 pound-force-second per square foot = 47.8803 Pascal-seconds.

Force: 1 Newton = 0.225 pound-force = 0.102 kilogram-force; 1 kilogram-force = 9.81 Newtons; 1 pound-force = 4.45 Newtons; 1 dyne = 10⁻⁵ Newtons.

Pressure: 1 bar = 10⁵ Pascals; 1 kilopascal = 0.145 pound-force per square inch = 0.0102 kilogram-force per square centimeter = 0.0098 atmospheres; 1 pound-force per square inch = 6.895 kilopascals = 0.0703 kilogram-force per square centimeter = 0.0689 bars = 0.068 atmospheres; 1 physical atmosphere = 101.325 kilopascals = 14.696 pounds per square inch = 1.0333 bars; 1 engineering atmosphere = 98.0665 kilopascals; 1 millimeter of water column = 9.80665 Pascals; 1 millimeter of mercury = 133.322 Pascals; 1 Torr = 133.322 Pascals; 1 dyne per square centimeter = 0.1 Pascal.

Temperature: K = 5/9 × (°F + 459.67); K = °C + 273.15; n°F = °C; °C = (5/9 × n + 32) °F; 1°F = 5/9°C (temperature difference).

Heat transfer coefficient: 1 kilocalorie per square meter-hour-degree Celsius = 1.16279 watts per square meter-Kelvin; 1 British thermal unit per square foot-hour-degree Fahrenheit = 5.67826 watts per square meter-Kelvin; 1 square meter-hour-degree Celsius/kilocalorie = 0.86000 square meter-Kelvin/watt; 1 kilocalorie per square meter-hour = 1.16279 watts per square meter.

Thermal conductivity: 1 kilocalorie per meter-hour-degree Celsius = 1.16279 watts per meter-Kelvin; 1 British thermal unit per foot-hour-degree Fahrenheit = 1.7303 watts per meter-Kelvin.

Specific heat capacity: 1 kilocalorie per kilogram-degree Celsius = 1 British thermal unit per pound-degree Fahrenheit = 4186.8 joules per kilogram-Kelvin.

Work and energy: 1 joule = 0.10204 kilogram-meter = 2.778×10⁻⁷ kilowatt-hours = 3.777×10⁻⁷ metric horsepower-hours = 3.723×10⁻⁷ imperial horsepower-hours = 2.389×10⁻⁴ kilocalories = 9.48×10⁻⁴ British thermal units; 1 calorie = 4.1868 joules; 1 British thermal unit = 1055.06 joules; 1 kilogram-force-meter = 9.80665 joules; 1 foot-pound force = 1.35582 joules; 1 metric horsepower-hour = 2.64779×10⁶ joules; 1 imperial horsepower-hour = 2.68452×10⁶ joules; 1 kilowatt-hour = 3.6×10⁶ joules; 1 kilocalorie = 4186.75 joules.

Power: 1 kilogram-force-meter per second = 9.80665 watts; 1 metric horsepower = 735.499 watts; 1 calorie per second = 4.1868 watts; 1 British thermal unit per hour = 0.293071 watts.

Velocity: 1 foot per second = 0.3048 meters per second; 1 mile per hour = 0.44704 meters per second.

Permeability: 1 Darcy = 1000 millidarcies.

Geothermal gradient: 1°F per 100 feet = 1.8°C per 100 meters; 1°C per kilometer = 2.9°F per mile = 0.055°F per 100 feet.

Oil and gas production: 1 barrel = 0.14 tonnes (crude oil, global average); 1 tonne = 7.3 barrels (crude oil, global average); 1 barrel/day = 50 tonnes/year (crude oil, global average); 1 thousand cubic feet/day = 28.32 cubic meters/day = 10.3355 million cubic meters/year; 1 million cubic feet/day = 28.32 million cubic meters/day = 10.3355 billion cubic meters/year; 1 billion cubic feet/day = 283.2 million cubic meters/day = 10.336 billion cubic meters/year; 1 trillion cubic feet/day = 283.2 billion cubic meters/day = 10.336 trillion cubic meters/year.

Gas-oil ratio: 1 cubic foot per barrel = 0.2067 cubic meters per tonne.

Heating value: 1 barrel of crude oil = 5.8×10⁶ British thermal units; 1 cubic meter of wet gas = 3.909×10⁴ British thermal units; 1 cubic meter of dry gas = 3.577×10⁴ British thermal units; 1 tonne of coal = 2.406×10⁷ British thermal units; 1 kilowatt-hour of hydroelectric power = 1.0235×10⁴ British thermal units. (The above values represent the average heating values in the United States in 1990; source: U.S. National Bureau of Standards.)

Thermal equivalent: 1 barrel of crude oil = 5800 cubic feet of natural gas (based on average heating values); 1 kilogram of crude oil = 1.4286 kilograms of standard coal; 1 cubic meter of natural gas = 1.3300 kilograms of standard coal