On the correlations of water quality analysis indicators
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Dear seniors, what do the water quality parameters of raw water such as hardness, calcium and magnesium levels, alkalinity, chlorine, pH, conductivity, etc., represent? What is the connection between them? How can the water quality be assessed based on the indicators for the raw water and recycled water in a combined system? What is the condition of the production equipment?
Total alkalinity refers to the amount of all substances in water that are capable of accepting hydrogen ions； Total hardness mainly refers to the content of calcium and magnesium ions. The classification of water’s total hardness varies depending on different standards ； Chloride mainly refers to the concentration of chloride ions; too high a concentration can cause severe corrosion of equipment ； Hydroelectric conductivity is the electrical conductivity of water, that is, the reciprocal of the resistance of water; it is commonly used to indicate the purity of water ； The conductivity of distilled water is 0.5–2 µS/cm; after being stored for some time, it can increase to 2–4 µS/cm due to the dissolution of carbon dioxide or ammonia from the air ； The conductivity of drinking water ranges from 50 to 1500 µs/cm ； The conductivity of seawater is approximately 30,000 µS/cm; the conductivity of clean river water is 100 µS/cm ； Furthermore, the conductivity changes with temperature; for every 1°C increase in temperature, the conductivity increases by about 2%. Typically, 25°C is specified as the standard temperature for measuring conductivity.