Major safety accidents that occurred on this day in history (the serious accident involving the collapse of a stone arch bridge under construction in Shenzhen Town, Gaozhou City, on May 3, 2014)

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At 13:20 on May 3, 2014, a major collapse occurred at a stone arch bridge under construction in Kengkou Village, Liangping Village Committee, Shen Town, Gaozhou City (hereinafter referred to as the “Kengkou Stone Arch Bridge”). The accident resulted in 11 deaths, 16 injuries, and direct economic losses of 10.156 million yuan. I. Basic Information (1) Basic information on the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance. 1. Bridge condition. The Kengkou stone arch bridge is located in Kengkou Village, Liangping Village Committee, Shen Town, Gaozhou City. It is a new bridge built to straighten out the section of rural road Y714 in Gaozhou City between K4+381 and K4+471; it belongs to the category of medium-sized bridges. The bridge is designed to be 28.5 meters in length and 6 meters in width, with an arch radius of 17.4 meters. The bridge deck is located 16 meters above the riverbed, and it is a single-arch circular arc bridge with a span of 24 meters for the arch ring. 2. Progress of project construction. The construction contract for the Kengkou stone arch bridge was officially signed on March 22, 2014, with the planned completion date set for May 23. Construction actually began on March 17, and the construction scaffolding was completed on May 1. On May 3, the arch ring will be constructed, with completion of its closure planned for the same day. At the time of the accident, the workers worked in two groups, building stones from both ends of the arch base toward the center of the arch (the direction toward Datan Village is referred to as Side A, while the direction toward Shenzen Town is referred to as Side B). There was a distance of about 8 meters between the two teams. Approximately 10 cubic meters of rubble (about 20 tons) were piled up on the top of the bridge as weight. (II) Information on the units (individuals) related to the accident. 1. Overview of the developer. The constructor of the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance is the Datan Village Committee in Shen Town, Gaozhou City, Maoming. Cheng Maoxi, the deputy director of the village committee (59 years old, from Shen Town, Gaozhou City, who died in the accident), signed the contract on behalf of the Datan Village Committee and affixed the official seal of the village committee to it. Since Shenzhen Town in Gaozhou City requires judicial notarization for the use of fiscal funds, Cheng Maoxi and He Yishuang approached Wu Wenwei, the head of the Shenzhen Town Judicial Office (Legal Services Office), on March 22, asking him to write “the situation is true” on the contract and affix the official seal of the “Gaozhou City Shenzhen Town Legal Services Office”. 2. Overview of the designer. The designer of the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance is Zhong Quanhao (male, 60 years old, from Dacheng Town, Xinyi City, Maoming City). He is a retired employee from the Water Resources and Hydropower Management Office in Dacheng Town, Xinyi City. He has an intermediate vocational education level and has received training in surveying techniques; however, he has not received any specialized training in mechanics or design, and he does not possess any **recognized qualifications for bridge engineering design. The design for the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance was not submitted to the Gaozhou Transportation Bureau for approval. 3. Overview of the contractor. The contractor for the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance is Yi Shuang (male, 50 years old, from Dacheng Town, Xinyi City, Maoming City). He has only an elementary education level; he started working as a cement worker in 2000. Later, he took on projects such as building rural houses and bridges on his own, without having any recognized valid qualification certificates or professional construction management staff. Apart from the Kiln Mouth Stone Arch Bridge, Zhong Quanhao and He Yishuang have also undertaken the design and construction of other rural road stone arch bridges in Gaozhou City and Xinyi City. 4. Overview of the supervision party. There were no supervision agencies or personnel involved in the construction of the Kengkou stone arch bridge; during the actual construction process, it was mainly He Yishuang, the project contractor, and Cheng Maoxi, the deputy director of the Datian Village Committee, who were responsible for overseeing and managing the on-site construction. (III) Project management status. 1. Engineering design details. For the Kengkou stone arch bridge project, there are only two hand-drawn design sketches: one is the elevation view of the bridge, and the other is the cross-section of the arch ribs. Zhong Quanhao signed the design drawings and had Wu Jiebang, a staff member at the Dacheng Town Water Resources and Hydropower Management Office in Xinyi City, Maoming, stamp them. Neither the entity that stamped the drawings nor the designer possessed any design qualifications ； The design lacks calculation sheets and detailed drawings ； There are no specific details provided regarding the performance specifications of the main materials used in the bridge ； The sequence of bridge construction and the loading procedure are not clearly defined ； The arch ring, which is the main load-bearing element of the bridge, uses relatively regular stones on its sides, while the middle part of the arch ring is designed with irregular stones; there are serious design deficiencies in the lateral connections of the bridge ； There are no anchoring bars at the bottom of the bridge deck railing, which makes overturning very likely ； The arch ring is designed as a flat arch, with uneven loads applied to it ； The transverse structure of the arch ring is constructed solely with mortared rubble stone, without any designed integral structures; this makes it prone to longitudinal cracks, which can lead to lateral instability and collapse of the arch ring. This engineering design drawing cannot guide construction. 2. Construction management status. The construction team for the pithead stone arch bridge project was composed of villagers from Dacheng Town in Xinyi City, organized by He Yishuang, and villagers living in the area around the accident site, organized by Cheng Maoxi; none of the construction technicians and managers possessed the necessary certification or qualifications required for such work. The bridge construction site did not have qualified technical personnel on hand; there was no detailed construction organization plan or specific construction plans, no preloading plan for the scaffolding along with corresponding measures. No technical or safety briefings were given during construction, there were no construction records, and no quality inspections were carried out. 3. Status of project funds. The budget for the bridge project is 304,000 yuan, while the contract price is 280,000 yuan. First, 80,000 yuan of subsidy funds was misappropriated. This funds were allocated by the Gaozhou City Transportation Bureau, in violation of financial regulations and fund approval procedures, to Shenzhen Town ** as subsidies for the repair of roads damaged by floods in the Liangping Village Committee ； On April 1, the Datian Village Committee submitted a funding request to Shenzhen Town ** on the grounds of project progress ； After approval by Shenzhen Town, on April 16, the finance office of Shenzhen Town transferred the funds to contractor He Yishuang’s personal account ； As of the time of the incident, the funds had been used to purchase materials and pay wages. Second, it is planned to misappropriate 150,000 yuan in subsidy funds. This funds were allocated by the Maoming Local Highway Management Station to the Gaozhou Local Highway Management Station as subsidies for the construction and maintenance of rural roads, in violation of financial regulations and fund approval procedures ； On April 1, the Gaozhou City Local Highway Management Station allocated funds to the Datan Village Committee’s account in violation of regulations ； As of the time of the accident, the funds had not yet been used. Third, in addition to the above two amounts of funds, there is still a shortfall of 50,000 yuan for the bridge construction funds ； No issues such as imposing costs on villagers or raising funds from them to build bridges were found. (IV) Status of construction scaffolding. The main supporting structure used in bridge construction is a full-house wooden scaffold; there are no design drawings, no stress calculations, and no specific construction plan. 1. Treatment methods for the bracket foundation. The foundation of the supports is generally natural rock; in areas where the bottom of the supports at the mid-span is uneven, stones are used to level it out. Within about a quarter of the distance from the abutments, the supports rest on inclined rock surfaces, and the bottom of these supports is leveled using wood or stones (as the rocky slopes have not been leveled). 2. Support structure type. The support columns are erected in a grid pattern with a spacing of 100 cm × 92 cm in the horizontal direction; they are arranged in layers of 400 cm in height. At the midpoint of the bridge, three layers are installed, reaching a height of about 12 meters. The supports are made of wooden structures using round pine logs approximately 4 meters long and with a diameter of around 12–15 cm. The column connection joints are not directly aligned, and the longitudinal joints are not offset; a circular horizontal beam made of pine is placed at the top of the columns as a crossbeam, with another circular pine piece placed on top of that crossbeam to serve as a column. The crossbars and vertical posts are securely fastened together using horseshoe nails; no diagonal braces are used. A few diagonal members are installed between adjacent vertical posts on each level. The arch frame is supported on both the left and right sides in the direction of the bridge. To enhance the transverse stability of the arch frame, 7 to 8 eucalyptus logs (about 12 meters long) were used as diagonal braces on both sides of the arch frame at the site. II. Course of the accident, emergency rescue efforts, and follow-up actions (1) Course of the accident. On May 3, in order to complete the closure of the arch ring of the stone arch bridge at the site that day, He Yishuang gathered 91 people from the villagers of Dacheng Town in Xinyi City, while Cheng Maoxi gathered villagers from the surrounding areas to work at the site. The personnel on site were divided into 2 groups, each responsible for tasks such as masonry, stone handling, and cement slurry mixing on the A and B sides of the bridge project. Approximately 20 people were tasked with mixing mortar, about 20 with loading stones, around 25 with transporting stones, 10 with carrying out masonry work, while the remaining personnel handled logistical tasks such as cooking meals. Work started at 6:30, with masonry being carried out at the vault from both the A and B sides. At around 11 o’clock, when the arch rings on the A and B sides had each been built to a length of about 4 meters, work was temporarily halted for a meal and a 10-minute lunch break, after which construction resumed. At around 13:18, He Yishuang noticed that the construction progress on side A was slow, so he informed Cheng Maoxi, who was on the arch of the bridge under construction, to tell the workers on side A to speed up their work. At around 13:20, when the arch rings on the A and B sides had been constructed to lengths of approximately 8 meters and 9 meters respectively, the scaffolding began to loosen due to the increasing load on the arches and the disturbances caused by the construction workers. First, the scaffolding on the A side collapsed suddenly, followed by that on the B side; the entire stone arch bridge under construction collapsed rapidly downward, with the workers working on the bridge surface (mainly those on the A side) along with the stones falling and getting buried. (II) Emergency rescue situation. 1. On-site rescue situation. After the accident, more than 200 people, including officials from Liangping Village Committee and local residents, rushed to the scene upon hearing the news to organize self-rescue and mutual assistance. They also called 110 for the police and 120 for emergency medical services, while reporting the incident to Shenzhen Town **. At 13:25, upon receiving the report, the 110 command center of Gaozhou City Public Security Bureau promptly dispatched police forces from the area surrounding the accident site to carry out rescue operations, and at the same time informed the Gaozhou City Party Committee and the city’s relevant authorities. At 13:40, a rescue team composed of personnel from Shenzhen Town **, the local police station, and the town health center arrived at the scene first to begin the rescue efforts. At 13:45, Gaozhou City activated a Level IV emergency response and reported to the Maoming Municipal Party Committee and the municipal **. At 14:40, the Gaozhou Municipal Party Committee and the municipal government organized departments such as public security, health, transportation, safety supervision, and housing and construction to form a rescue team that arrived at the scene to carry out comprehensive rescue efforts. At around 4 p.m., responsible officials from the Maoming Municipal Party Committee, the municipal government and its relevant departments, as well as public security and fire fighters arrived at the scene to join the rescue efforts. At this point, the life detector indicated no signs of life at the accident site. With the approval of on-site experts, an excavator was used to conduct excavation and searching at the scene. At 19:30, the search and rescue operations were completed and the site was cleared. A total of 27 people were rescued from the scene; 5 of them died on the spot. The remaining 22 were taken to Gaozhou People’s Hospital and Gaozhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital for treatment (among them, 6 died despite efforts to save them due to the severity of their injuries). III. Causes and nature of the accident (1) Direct cause. Due to the fact that the foundation treatment for the bridge construction scaffolding, the structure of the scaffolding setup, and the connection methods of the columns did not meet the regulatory requirements, the masonry work of the arch ring was carried out unevenly and the construction procedures were unreasonable. As the loads on the arch increased, the wooden scaffolding became unstable, resulting in the rapid collapse of the entire bridge. The specific reasons for the instability and collapse of the bridge project are: first, there were serious defects in the scaffolding structure. Both the vertical posts and cross members of the wooden framework are made of logs, and they are connected to each other only with pegs, which prevents effective force transmission at the joints ； The wooden frame lacks diagonal braces both longitudinally and transversely, resulting in an unstable structure. Second, the foundation treatment for the support is improper. Some of the support columns near the abutments are placed on steep rock surfaces; during construction, log supports are used at the bases of these columns ； After being subjected to loads, the column base is prone to slipping. Third, the construction of the arch ring is asymmetric. During the construction of the arch rings, there was a difference of about 1 meter between the construction of the arch rings on the A and B sides, resulting in uneven stress on the supports. (II) Indirect causes. 1. The Datian Village Committee illegally took the lead in building a bridge, posing serious safety hazards. The Datan Village Committee lacks a sense of safety responsibility and proceeded with the construction of the bridge without going through any approval procedures ； In violation of the regulations regarding the use of special funds, 80,000 yuan in funds designated for the repair of roads damaged by floods was misused, and an additional 150,000 yuan in funds intended for the construction and maintenance of rural roads was intended to be misused for the construction of illegal bridges ； Signed a bridge construction contract with He Yishuang, who does not have the qualifications to undertake such projects. 2. The Party committee of Shenzhen Town failed to implement the safety production responsibility system and proper supervision; after the accident, they engaged in collective falsification, thereby affecting and interfering with the investigation of the accident. The failure to promptly detect and halt the illegal construction of bridges within the jurisdiction indirectly led to a major collapse accident ； After the accident, some members of the Party and government leadership team met or held meetings on three occasions to discuss how to supplement and improve the relevant documents as well as standardize the information provided. Chen Jianbo, the Party secretary of the town, Deng Guoyi, the town mayor, Xie Hanwei and Zhang Huanzhong, who are members of the town’s Party committee, along with Tang Youqing, the head of the town’s work safety supervision office, gave instructions, directed the process, and were directly involved in forging the \"Notice on Rectifying Safety Hazards in Shenzhen Town,\" two copies of the \"Records of Rectification Actions Taken in Response to Safety Inspection Findings,\" as well as the meeting minutes of the Party and government leadership team. These actions affected and interfered with the investigation of the accident ； When the Economic Statistics Office (Work Safety Supervision Office) of Shenzhen Town identified serious safety hazards at the construction site of the stone arch bridge at the pit entrance, it neither issued a notice requiring rectification of those hazards nor reported the situation to higher-level authorities in a timely manner. 3. The transportation department fails to fulfill its duties and supervise the use of funds adequately. The Gaozhou City Transportation Bureau violated financial discipline and approval procedures; it failed to manage the funds allocated for repairing flood-damaged roads properly, resulting in the misappropriation of 80,000 yuan in special funds ； Insufficient law enforcement patrols on rural roads failed to detect and stop illegal bridge construction in a timely manner. 4. Local road management departments fail to fulfill their duties and provide adequate oversight of funds. The Maoming Local Highway Management Station violated financial regulations and approval procedures by allocating subsidies for the construction and maintenance of rural roads in an improper manner. The Gaozhou City Local Highway Management Station failed to exercise proper oversight and strict management regarding the use of funds allocated for the construction and maintenance of rural roads; it transferred 150,000 yuan in special funds directly to the account of the Datian Village Committee ； There was inadequate guidance and supervision regarding the performance of duties by rural road maintenance stations at the grassroots level, and road administration inspections were insufficient, failing to detect and prevent illegal bridge construction in a timely manner. 5. The human resources and social security department failed to fulfill its duties in conducting inspections of labor practices, and failed to detect the issue of illegal employment in the Kengkou Stone Arch Bridge project. All construction workers involved in the Pit Mouth stone arch bridge project lacked the necessary labor employment paperwork, representing illegal employment. The Gaozhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau and the Shenzhen Town Human Resources and Social Security Office failed to fulfill their duties regarding labor inspections, and failed to detect and rectify the issue of illegal employment in the Kengkou Stone Arch Bridge project in a timely manner. 6. The work safety supervision authorities fail to fulfill their duties properly. As the department responsible for comprehensive supervision and coordination of work safety in its jurisdiction, the Gaozhou City Work Safety Supervision and Administration Bureau failed to provide adequate guidance and supervision to towns (sub-districts) and relevant industry authorities regarding the identification of work safety hazards and the conduct of law enforcement inspections. 7. Gaozhou City **has failed to properly implement the safety production responsibility system. There is insufficient coordination and guidance to ensure that towns (sub-districts) and industry authorities fulfill their responsibilities regarding work safety; issues such as inadequate local management of work safety and failure on the part of industry authorities to meet their work safety obligations go unaddressed. 8. The use and management of the official seal by the Water Resources and Hydropower Office in Dacheng Town, Xinyi City are chaotic. Some staff members failed to follow the procedures for using the official seal and illegally used it privately. (III) Nature of the accident. Upon investigation, it was determined that the severe collapse accident that occurred in Maoming on May 3 was an accident resulting from violations of the basic procedures for construction, illegal and irregular construction activities, and inadequate management. 　 IV. Recommendations regarding the handling of persons responsible and units liable for the accident (1) No action shall be taken against any responsible person (1 person). Cheng Maoxi, **Party member, Deputy Director of the Datian Village Committee in Shenzhen Town. Without going through any legal procedures such as project approval, application for construction permits, or bidding, he signed a bridge construction contract on behalf of the Datian Village Committee with He Yishuang, who did not have the qualifications to carry out bridge construction, which led to a serious collapse accident; he bears direct responsibility for this. Since they died in the accident, no liability will be pursued. (II) Persons for whom judicial authorities have taken measures (6 people). 1. He Yishuang, a private individual, the contractor for the construction of the Kengkou stone arch bridge. He has been placed under criminal detention by the public security authorities on suspicion of the crime of causing a major liability accident. 2. Zhong Quanhao, **Party member, designer of the Kengkou stone arch bridge, former head of the judicial office in Dacheng Town, Xinyi City (retired). He has been placed under criminal detention by the public security authorities on suspicion of the crime of causing a major liability accident. 3. Xu Jiabang, **Party member, Director of the Datian Village Committee in Shenzhen Town. He has been placed under criminal detention by the public security authorities on suspicion of the crime of causing a major liability accident. 4. Deng Guoyi, **Party member, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Town Mayor of Shenzhen Town (representative to the Gaozhou City People’s Congress). He has been referred to the judicial authorities for alleged dereliction of duty. 5. Xie Hanwei, **Party member, member of the Party Committee of Shenzhen Town, and deputy head of the town’s People’s Congress*. He has been referred to the judicial authorities for alleged dereliction of duty. 6. Tang Youqing, **Party member, head of the Economic Statistics Office (Work Safety Supervision Office) in Shenzhen Town (village official assigned to Liangping and Baikeng villages). He has been referred to the judicial authorities for alleged dereliction of duty. For those who are **Party members or subjects of administrative supervision, once the judicial authorities have taken action, the local discipline inspection and supervision agencies will promptly impose the appropriate Party and administrative sanctions, with the Provincial Supervision Department overseeing the implementation of these sanctions. The judicial authorities are conducting independent investigations in accordance with the law to determine whether other persons responsible for the accident are involved in criminal activities. (III) Persons who have been referred to the local discipline inspection and supervision authorities for handling (1 person). Wu Wenwei, **Party member, head of the Shenzhen Town Justice Office (Legal Services Office). Illegally provided \"certification\" for the construction contract of the Kengkou Stone Arch Bridge and stamped it with the official seal, then accepting a \"bribe\" from He Yishuang. During his tenure, he also accepted \"bribery\" from other members of the public on various occasions. It has been transferred to the Discipline Inspection Commission of Gaozhou City for further investigation and handling. (IV) Persons recommended for Party discipline and administrative discipline sanctions (15). 1. He Zhe, a Party member, has served as a member of the Gaozhou Municipal Party Committee and the city’s executive vice mayor as well as deputy head of the City Safety Committee since November 2011 (a representative of the Gaozhou People’s Congress). He is in charge of matters related to work safety, education, finance, and taxation. As the city leader in charge of work safety, he bears certain leadership responsibilities for failing to coordinate and supervise towns (sub-districts) and industry authorities in fulfilling their duties related to work safety, as well as for failing to detect issues such as inadequate local management of work safety and insufficient fulfillment of safety responsibilities by industry authorities. An administrative warning should be imposed as a sanction. 2. Chen Jianbo, **Party member; has served as Secretary of the Party Committee and President of the Town People’s Congress in Shenzhen Town since December 2008** (member of the Gaozhou City Party Committee, representative of the Gaozhou City People’s Congress). As the Party secretary of the town, he is ultimately responsible for work safety in the jurisdiction; he fails to ensure that the town’s ** authorities and relevant functional departments carry out their duties related to work safety properly, and thus bears significant leadership responsibility for this ； After the accident, orders were given to fabricate the \"Notice on Rectifying Potential Safety Hazards in Shenzhen Town\" as well as the minutes of party and government committee meetings; meetings were held to urge the improvement of relevant documents and the standardization of statements, thereby interfering with the accident investigation. This behavior is of grave nature, and the person in question bears direct responsibility. It is recommended to impose a penalty of removing him from all party positions, to remove him from his role as head of the town’s people’s congress in accordance with the law, and to terminate his status as a people’s congress representative; he should then be assigned a job at the deputy section-level. 3. Chen Jun, **Party member**, has served as the Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Shenzhen Town since October 2013; he is in charge of party and mass work, political and legal affairs, as well as comprehensive governance tasks, and also oversees the town’s Party and government office. As the deputy secretary of the town’s Party committee, he failed to report knowing about the erroneous decision by the town’s Party and government leadership team to coordinate their statements in order to handle the accident investigation, thereby interfering with that investigation ； The Party and Government Office, which also handles these duties, is responsible for the chaotic use and management of the official seals, and bears primary leadership responsibility. It is recommended to impose a severe warning within the party. 4. Deng Hanyun, a Party member, has served as a member of the Party Committee and Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission in Shenzhen Town since November 2006; he is in charge of discipline inspection and supervision, family planning, power supply, and other related tasks. As the secretary of the town’s discipline inspection commission, he failed to stop the erroneous behavior of the town’s Party and government leadership team in holding meetings to coordinate a unified response to the accident investigation, thereby failing to fulfill his supervisory duties and showing negligence in his work. It is recommended to impose a severe warning within the party. 5. Zhang Huanzhong, a Party member, has served as a member of the Shenzhen Town Party Committee since September 2011. Since February 2014, he has also held the position of Director of the Party and Government Office (serving as the deputy head of the task force stationed in Liangping and Baoke villages, as well as the Party branch secretary of Liangping Village). He is responsible for matters related to organization, personnel, and administrative logistics. As a member of the town Party committee and director of the Party and government office, he was involved in forging the \"Notice on Rectifying Safety Production Hazards in Shenzhen Town\" and the \"Records of Rectification Actions for Safety Production Inspection Hazards\" (2 copies), as well as altering the minutes of meetings of the town’s Party and government leadership team. By doing so, he interfered with the investigation of the accident; his actions were of serious nature, and he bore direct responsibility for them ； There is chaos in the use and management of the official seal of the unit, for which the top leader bears primary responsibility. It is recommended to remove them from all party positions and dismiss them from their administrative roles, assigning them work at the level of a clerk. 6. Lin Longfu, a Party member, has served as the deputy head of Shenzhen Town since September 2006, in charge of agriculture, forestry, and related matters. As the deputy town head and the village resident in charge of daily operations in Datian Village, I failed to detect the illegal bridge construction carried out under the leadership of the Datian Village Committee ； They bear primary leadership responsibility for failing to report knowledge of the town’s Party and government team’s erroneous decision to meet in order to coordinate a unified response to the accident investigation, as well as for providing false information during the investigation process, thereby interfering with the accident investigation. It is recommended to impose a severe administrative sanction. 7. Su Yongxian, **Party member; has served as the Party branch secretary and director of the Shenzhen Town Finance Office (Settlement Center) since April 2006. By violating financial discipline and the procedures for managing and allocating special funds, failing to properly verify the purpose and recipients of such funds, and lacking adequate oversight, direct responsibility was borne for the misappropriation of those special funds. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 8. Liao Guowei, **Party member; has served as acting director of the Shenzhen Town Human Resources and Social Security Service Office since January 2014. During his tenure, inadequate supervision of labor practices was exercised, and he bore direct responsibility for failing to detect the issue of illegal employment in the construction of bridges. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 9. Zhong Rongwei, **Party member. Since February 2012, he has served as the Party secretary and director of the Gaozhou Transportation Bureau (representative to the Maoming People’s Congress and member of the Gaozhou Political Consultative Conference). He is in charge of all aspects of the bureau’s work and also oversees the Finance and Audit Department. As the main leader of the unit, he violated financial regulations and approval procedures by authorizing the allocation of funds for the repair of roads damaged by floods, which led to the misappropriation of those special funds; he bears direct responsibility for this ； They bear significant leadership responsibility for the inadequate enforcement of road administration regulations on rural roads, which failed to enable timely detection and prevention of issues such as illegal bridge construction. It is recommended to impose a party warning and a serious administrative sanction. 10. Luo Zhaomao, a Party member, has served as a member of the Party leadership group and deputy director of the Gaozhou City Transportation Bureau since December 2010; he is in charge of departments such as the Safety Supervision Section and the Comprehensive Traffic Law Enforcement Bureau. He bears primary leadership responsibility for failing to detect issues such as inadequate law enforcement inspections on rural roads, and for not identifying and stopping illegal bridge construction in a timely manner. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 11. Deng Qingqiang, **Party member. Since April 2013, he has served as a member of the Party leadership group and deputy director of the Gaozhou City Transportation Bureau, in charge of the Planning and Infrastructure Department. By violating financial discipline and approval procedures and by participating in the unauthorized allocation of funds intended for the repair of roads damaged by floods, he was responsible for the misappropriation of these special funds as a senior leader. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 12. Yang Maolong, **Party member; has served as the head of the Planning and Infrastructure Department at the Gaozhou Transportation Bureau since May 2009. He was directly responsible for violating financial regulations and approval procedures by participating in the improper allocation of funds intended for repairing roads damaged by floods, which led to the misappropriation of these funds; moreover, he failed to retain the relevant original records afterward. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 13. Zhu Jun, **Party member; has served as the Secretary of the General Party Branch and Director of Maoming Local Highway Management Station since March 2007. As the main leader of the unit, he violated financial regulations and approval procedures by allocating funds for the construction and maintenance of rural roads to entities that did not meet the application requirements, thereby causing those special funds to fall outside regulatory oversight; he bears direct responsibility for this. It is recommended to impose a severe administrative sanction. 14. Zhang Bingzhen, **Party member**. Since October 2013, he has served as a member of the Party leadership group at the Gaozhou Transportation Bureau, as well as the Party secretary and director of the Local Highway Management Station (he is also a representative of the Gaozhou People’s Congress and a member of the city’s Political Consultative Conference). He is responsible for overall management of the Local Highway Management Station. There was unclear responsibility and lax management regarding the use of funds allocated for the construction and maintenance of rural roads; these funds were approved to be transferred directly to the Datan Village Committee, resulting in them being outside of proper oversight ； They bear primary leadership responsibility for the inadequate guidance and supervision provided to the Rural Highway Maintenance Station in Shenzhen Town in fulfilling its duties. It is recommended to impose an administrative reprimand. 15. Wu Jiebang, a Party member, has been working at the Water Resources and Hydropower Management Office in Dacheng Town, Xinyi City since January 2003, responsible for tasks related to disaster prevention and control. He bore direct responsibility for stamping the company’s official seal on the design drawings provided by Zhong Quanhao without the approval of his superior. A warning within the party is recommended. (5) Persons recommended for admonitory talks (7). 1. Lu Qiang, a Party member, has served as the Party secretary and director of the Safety Supervision Bureau of Gaozhou City since December 2011; he is also the deputy head of the city’s Safety Committee as well as its office director (and a representative of the Gaozhou City People’s Congress). There is a certain leadership responsibility for the inadequate guidance and supervision regarding the identification of safety hazards and law enforcement inspections in Shenzhen Town. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 2. Lai Bingsheng, **Party member**, has served as a member of the Party leadership group and deputy director of the Gaozhou Human Resources and Social Security Bureau since January 2011; he is in charge of departments such as the Labor Inspection Unit and the Labor Inspection Team. There is a certain leadership responsibility for the inadequate guidance and supervision regarding the performance of labor inspection duties by the Human Resources and Social Security Service Office in Shenzhen Town. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 3. He Jianrong, **Party member, has served as the director of the Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau of Gaozhou City Transportation Bureau since December 2010. There is a certain leadership responsibility for the inadequate inspection and guidance of road administration law enforcement efforts on rural roads. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 4. Yuan Zhaorong, a member of the general public, has served as the captain of the Changpo Squad of the Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team at the Gaozhou Transportation Bureau since December 2012; he is responsible for carrying out traffic administrative law enforcement tasks in 7 towns, including Changpo and Shenzen. There is certain leadership responsibility for the inadequate enforcement inspections of rural road regulations within the jurisdiction. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 5. Yuan Sen, **Party member; has served as the head of the Road Administration Section at the Gaozhou City Local Highway Management Station since January 2014. There is a certain leadership responsibility for the inadequate guidance and supervision provided to the rural road maintenance station in Shenzhen Town, as well as for the insufficient road administration inspections. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 6. Lin Fangzhi, a member of the general public, has served as the head of the Liangping Village Committee in Shenzhen Town since January 2014. There is a certain leadership responsibility for failing to conduct proper inspections and oversight of bridge construction activities within the jurisdiction that lack the necessary qualifications and permits, as well as for not preventing such illegal construction activities in a timely manner. It is recommended that the Gaozhou City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them. 7. He Liquan, **Party member, has served as the head of the Water Resources and Hydropower Management Office in Dacheng Town, Xinyi City since October 2003. I bear certain leadership responsibility for failing to detect the chaotic use and management of the organization’s official seal. It is recommended that the Yixi City Supervision Bureau have a warning talk with them.