New type of high-efficiency mobile solar biogas tank

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The new type of high-efficiency portable solar biogas tank is made of organic fiber fabric and inorganic composite materials; a special light-absorbing and heat-collecting material is added during production. This material has a high light absorption capacity, allowing it to absorb as much sunlight as possible and convert it into heat energy that is then transferred into the tank, thereby raising the temperature inside the tank； All the tanks used are made of insulating materials, so the heat collected is not easily lost, thereby achieving the best possible gas production even in winter. The tank wall thickness is 2–6 cm, with a tensile strength of 93.5 pg and a bending strength of 100 Mpg; it possesses high mechanical strength and elongation rates, **exceeding those of traditional underground biogas digesters. The models are available in various capacities such as 4m3, 6m3, 8m3, 10m3, and 12m3, allowing them to meet the needs of different regions and households. Utilizing dry fermentation technology, these systems produce gas quickly and in large quantities, thereby overcoming the many problems associated with traditional underground biogas digesters, including high construction costs, large space requirements, long construction times, and no gas production in winter. The solar biogas tank can generate gas continuously for 160–180 days after a single filling, offering convenience similar to that of liquefied gas. It is both clean and environmentally friendly, with a service life of up to 20 years. 　　1. Solar self-illuminating and heat-insulating biogas tank: It relies on the tank itself to absorb sunlight, convert it into thermal energy, which is then transferred directly into the tank ； 　　2. Solar heat-collecting and insulated biogas tank: This type of tank contains a special light-absorbing heat-collecting material during production; it has a high light absorption capacity, which allows it to absorb sunlight to the greatest extent possible and convert it into thermal energy that is then transferred inside the tank ； 　　3. Solar gas-conductive insulated biogas digester: In addition to absorbing and collecting heat on its own, this digester is equipped with a solar heating system adjacent to it. This heating system transfers the absorbed heat into the digester and its insulation system, thereby achieving both heating and insulation effects. Even in cold winters, the temperature inside the digester can reach around 25–40 degrees Celsius, allowing for high-quality and rapid gas production ； 　　4. Solar wave circulation insulated biogas tank: This type of tank is the ideal biogas generator for use in northern regions during winter. A solar wave circulation system is installed at the top of the tank; its design is scientific and rational. It not only absorbs light to generate heat but also enables rapid heat transfer, resulting in extremely low heat loss. Additionally, it creates an insulating layer of heat around the tank. Combined with the tank’s own heat collection and insulation mechanisms, it is possible to produce biogas even in cold winters with sunlight available. 　　II. Preparation of raw materials for biogas fermentation and the principle of gas production 1. Preparation of raw materials There are many materials available in rural areas that can be used for biogas fermentation. The most commonly used ones include human and animal manure, as well as various crop straws, different types of green and dry weeds, and waste from edible fungi – all of which are excellent raw materials for producing biogas. 　　2. Types and characteristics of biogas fermentation feedstocks Based on the chemical properties and sources of biogas fermentation feedstocks, they can be classified into the following categories: A. Nitrogen-rich feedstocks: These mainly refer to human and animal excreta such as those from pigs, cows, sheep, chickens, ducks, etc. They contain a high amount of low-molecular-weight compounds and significant nitrogen content. No pretreatment is required, and the rate of decomposition and gas production is relatively fast. Their advantage is a short fermentation cycle and rapid gas production ； 　　B. Carbon-rich raw materials: crop straws (wheat straw, rice straw, corn straw, peanut straw, etc.) and various weeds, which are rich in biogas-producing microorganisms ； 　　C. Organic raw materials: include waste residues and wastewater, distillers’ grains, domestic sewage, organic waste, and aquatic plants; these have a soft structure that makes them easily decomposed and utilized by microorganisms. 　　3. Principles of gas production and technical parameters Biogas fermentation, also known as anaerobic digestion or methane fermentation, is a complex biochemical process in which organic materials such as human and animal excrement, straw, and weeds are broken down by a wide variety of microorganisms with different functions, under specific conditions of moisture, temperature, and anaerobic environment. As a result, mixed gases including methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and others (biogas) are produced. (Table 1) Gas production rate of common biogas feedstocks (m3/kg TS) Feedstock name Normal temperature 6–15°C Moderate temperature 15–25°C Pig manure 0.25–0.30 0.45–0.76 Cow manure 0.20–0.25 0.30–0.68 Human excrement 0.25–0.30 0.43–0.71 Green weeds 0.20–0.25 0.44–0.73 Note: The fermentation of various feedstocks is directly related to temperature, which illustrates the important role of solar energy in the biogas fermentation process. (Table 2) Gas production rate of common raw materials (as a percentage of total gas production)
Raw material name | Fermentation time/days: 10 | 20–30 | 40–50 | 60–70 | 80–90
Human feces | 40.7 | 81.5 | 94.1 | 98.2 | 98.7–100
Pig feces | 46.0 | 78.1 | 93.9 | 97.5 | 99.1–100
Cow feces | 34.4 | 74.6 | 86.2 | 92.7 | 97.3–100
Various weeds | —— | 30.3–47.7 | 78.3–88.7 | 93.2–96.7 | 98.9–100
Rice straw, wheat straw | 18.8 | 30.8–53.7 | 78.3–88.7 | 93.2–96.7 | 98.9–100
Various organic wastes | 10.8 | 29.4–45.7 | 77.5–85.3 | 94.7–97.9 | 98.8–100
Note: A proper understanding of the gas production rate of various raw materials is crucial for proper formulation of mixtures and effective daily management. (Table 3) Effect of biogas inoculum on gas production from similar raw materials. Raw material, Inoculation amount (%), Biogas production (ml), Methane content (%): 50 g human feces: 10 – 1435 ml, 48.3%; 50 g human feces: 20 – 3085 ml, 55.2%; 50 g human feces: 50 – 10093 ml, 69.3%; 50 g human feces: 150 – 16030 ml, 87.2%. Note: The composition of the inoculum has an impact on biogas production; for a detailed analysis, please attend a technical lecture at our company. 　　III. Unique Advantages of the Solar Biogas Reactor The new solar biogas reactor developed by “Guoke Lieneng” represents the most advanced technology in the biogas industry today. Compared to traditional biogas reactors and tanks, it offers the following advantages: 1. Advanced fermentation technology: It utilizes dry fermentation, resulting in a high volume of gas production and a fast rate of gas generation. 　　2. Aesthetic exterior design: The spherical design provides excellent heat insulation, occupies less space, is scientifically engineered, and facilitates loading and unloading of materials. 　　3. Easy to install and use: It features high strength and low weight. Composed of two hemispheres, it can be stacked for easy transportation, and can be installed either above or below ground. Installation is completed in just a few hours, allowing users to start using biogas in even less time. 　　4. Good sealing performance: Made from reinforced composite materials, it offers excellent sealing properties, preventing water leakage and air leakage. 　　5. Good mechanical properties: Ground freezing can damage underground concrete biogas digesters, whereas products made from composite materials possess high elasticity and tensile strength, preventing them from being cracked by frozen soil. 　　6. Wide range of applications: The materials used for constructing ponds have stable properties; they are resistant to acids, alkalis, and corrosion, as well as to freezing temperatures and high heat. They also have good water resistance, making them suitable for various terrains and different climates. 　　7. Balanced and sustained gas production: Advanced high-temperature startup technology, combined with self-absorbing heat materials and solar energy-assisted heating, ensures balanced gas production throughout the four seasons with an adequate volume of gas. 　　8. Low production cost and long service life: The production cost of each set of the new biogas tanks is around 350 yuan, with a service life of up to 20 years. 　　9. Automatic voltage stabilization and safe gas storage technology: Traditional biogas digesters are prone to bursting in summer. The safety separation device features automatic exhaust and voltage stabilization functions, and is equipped with a fully automatic safety valve, pressure gauge, pressure reducing valve, and exhaust valve, etc., to ensure safe gas storage and supply. 　　10. Automatic desulfurization technology: Automatic desulfurizers and gas-water separators can automatically remove sulfur dioxide and water vapor during the reaction process, thereby maximizing methane purity and increasing its calorific value. 　　11. Anti-caking technology: Traditional biogas digesters require manual stirring to prevent the raw materials inside from caking, but the new solar-powered biogas tanks are scientifically designed with no dead zones for fermentation, thus effectively solving this problem.