【Hidden Dangers Around Us】A Comprehensive List of Common Dangers in Chemical Enterprises

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This post was last edited by 68589544 on 2016-7-15 at 16:11. 1.jpg This article outlines the various common hazards in chemical enterprises, in the hope of being helpful to those working in the field of chemical safety. [1] Equipment and facilities 1 Reactor, reactor 1) Abnormal noise from the reducer 2) Excessive oil stains on the reducer or frame 3) Heat-melting deformation of the plastic blades of the reducer 4) Lack of oil in the machine seal and reducer 5) Gasket leakage 6) The anti-static grounding wire is damaged and not installed 7) The safety valve is not inspected annually, leaks, and no account is established 8 ) The thermometer has not been inspected annually or is damaged. 9) The pressure gauge has not been inspected annually, is damaged or is blocked by materials. 10) The key reactor does not use double sets of temperature and pressure display, record alarms. 11) The bursting disc has not been replaced when it expires, leaks, and no account has been established. 12) The valve under the bursting disc has not been opened. 13) The reactor with explosion risk has not been opened. Install bursting discs 14) Abnormal pressure rise or material punching due to high temperature, interruption of stirring, etc. 15) The bottom valve is easily blocked when discharging materials 16) Stainless steel or carbon steel kettles are subject to acidic corrosion 17) Overload operation such as the charging amount exceeds the specified limit 18) The enamel in the enamel kettle is damaged and is still used in corrosive, flammable and explosive places 19) The liner of the reactor was corroded and damaged at the steam inlet of the jacket. 20) The pressure vessel exceeded its service life, had poor manufacturing quality, and still leaked after repeated repairs. 21) The pressure vessel did not have a nameplate. 22) The identification number was missing or unclear. 23) The reactor with explosion sensitivity was not effectively isolated. 24) There was no safety plan for important equipment. Full checklist 25) Important equipment lacks spare parts or spare machines 2 storage tanks, tank areas, and tank trucks 1) The liquid level gauge is blurred or damaged or blocked 2) The electrostatic grounding wire is loose or not connected 3) Leakage at the flange gasket 4) High-level storage tanks such as small platforms cannot be effectively fixed 5) The liquid level of the safety liquid seal does not meet the requirements 6) The normal pressure storage tank belt Use under pressure 7) The filling amount exceeds the specified limit 8) The non-temperature storage tank is not equipped with a thermometer 9) The container has cracks and is still in use 10) Frequent exposure to alternating loads of vacuum and nitrogen causes damage to the storage tank 11) Low boiling point solvent or liquefied gas storage tanks are exposed to direct sunlight 12) Outdoor storage tanks are at risk of being hit by transport vehicles, etc. 1 3) The holes in the cofferdam of the hazardous chemicals tank area are not blocked. 14) The protective embankments of the hazardous chemicals tank area are not tightly sealed, and drainage holes are opened arbitrarily. 15) The stop valves leading to the drainage pipes are in an unsafe state such as being normally open. 16) The flammable or corrosive material outlet pipelines in the hazardous chemicals tank area are not equipped with hanging pressure spring compensation measures on their supports. facilities, or directly use flexible connection short pipes 17) There are no warning signs such as no mobile phones, no fire sources, no height and speed limits, etc. in the hazardous chemicals tank area. 18) There are no leaks, feeding operation records and daily inspections in the hazardous chemicals tank area. 19) Tractors enter the dangerous goods tank area at will. 20) There are open fires or forest fires around the dangerous goods tank area. Disaster 21) Electric stoves, electric tea kettles, electric hot plates, etc. are used illegally in the operation room of the dangerous goods tank area. 22) The tank truck has no grounding device at the loading and unloading location. 23) There are no measures to prevent operators from falling from the tank truck. 24) The tank truck is not equipped with an effective flame arrester and the vehicle condition is unqualified (the lighting is damaged or the brake fails). Entering the tank area 25) The safety accessories (pressure gauge, thermometer, safety valve) of the tank truck storage tank have no inspection date or are invalid 26) The tank truck tank does not indicate the next inspection date of the pressure vessel 27) There is no electrostatic drag chain, anti-virus equipment or valve leakage on the tank 28) The grounding is not allowed to stand for 10 minutes before and after unloading. 29) When the tank truck is unloading, the driver and escort leave the unloading site, and there are no on-site monitoring personnel. 30) Open and splash unloading are used. 31) When unloading, the storage tank exceeds the standard liquid level or the full material overflows. 32) When the vinyl chloride tank truck is unloading, the hose or flange leaks. 33) When vinyl chloride is transported and fed, Full tank 34) The tanker was transported and unloaded in the factory many times when the loading capacity was not full 35) The unloading vehicle was stalled and handbraked or the vehicle was started midway during unloading 36) Unloading operations were performed when high-intensity lightning and lightning strikes were frequent 37) There were no two grounding points for the oil tank 38) When loading and unloading gasoline and toluene, the operator did not wear Anti-static overalls and anti-static shoes 39) No accident coffers and emergency spray dilution facilities are set up in the storage area of liquid ammonia and other storage tanks 40) No emergency spray and eyewash facilities are set up on site 41) There are no measures to prevent mispackage of materials, such as loading ethyl acetate into gasoline tanks 42) Standing on gasoline barrels for electric welding 43) No After cleaning, cut gasoline barrels or weld storage tanks 44) Liquid ammonia and vinyl chloride storage tanks are overfilled 45) When tank trucks are unloading, block fire passages and encroach on access roads 46) The collector leaves the unloading site 47) Iron, plastic and other tools that are prone to sparks are used at the loading and unloading site 48) Material storage sent from the tank area to the workshop There is no operation record of the tank. 3 Condenser and reboiler 1) Leakage caused by corrosion, gasket aging, etc. 2) The temperature of the material after condensation is too high 3) The heat exchange medium layer is blocked by silt and microorganisms 4) The high-temperature surface is not protected 5) When cooling high-temperature liquid (such as 150°C), the cooling water inlet and outlet valve is not opened, or the cooling water volume is insufficient. 6) The evaporator, etc., heats up rapidly when it is first used. 7) The heat exchanger does not take anti-shock measures into consideration, causing the connecting pipes to loosen and leak due to vibration. 4 Pipes and pipe fittings 1) The pipes are installed, but the internal welding slag and other foreign matter are not cleaned. 2) The sight glass glass is not clean or damaged. 3) The sight tube material is selected to withstand pressure and Improper temperature resistance and improper installation of the sight tube 4) The sight tube is broken or used under pressure for a long time 5) The anti-static grounding wire is damaged 6) Pipes, flanges or bolts are severely corroded and cracked 7) High-temperature pipes are not insulated 8) The explosion pipe is made into an elbow 9) Pipe materials and flow directions are not clearly marked 10) Pipe color codes are not clear 11 ) The valves connected in series for different materials were not blinded during debugging 12) The abandoned pipelines were not cleaned in time 13) The installation position of the pipe valves was low, easy to hit the head or difficult to operate 14) No protective measures were taken for corrosive material pipelines, flanges and other leaky places 15) There is the possibility of water, nitrogen, air, steam, etc. entering the material pipelines 16 ) Iron barrels or plastic barrels of flammable and explosive materials are placed next to high-temperature pipelines 17) The material selection of pipelines or pipe fittings is unreasonable and easy to corrode 18) The glass tube liquid level gauge has no protective measures 19) There is no protective metal net installed at the sight glass that may explode 20) The check valve cannot move flexibly or fails 21) Electric Valve power outage, pneumatic valve outage 22) Pressure pipelines such as hydrogen are used without regular maintenance or are operated with illness 23) When using pressure pipelines, operators are not trained or certified to work 24) Maintenance personnel are not qualified to repair or modify pressure pipelines 25) The welding quality of pressure pipelines is poor, with undercuts and pores , slag inclusion, incomplete penetration and other welding defects 26) The pressure pipeline is not equipped with safety accessories in accordance with the regulations or the safety accessories have not been calibrated beyond the expiration date 27) The pressure pipeline has not established files and operating procedures 28) The glass-lined pipeline is impacted by steel pipes, etc. 29) The existing pipeline valves are still used after the production process medium is changed, without considering the suitability of the material. Adaptability 30) Nitrogen pipe and air pipe are connected in series 31) Brine pipe and cooling water pipe are connected in series 5 Transfer pumps and vacuum pumps 1) Pump leakage 2) Abnormal noise 3) The coupling has no protective cover 4) The pump outlet is not equipped with a pressure gauge or check valve 5) When out of service for a long time, the liquid in the pump and pipes is not drained, causing corrosion or freezing 6) When the positive displacement pump is running, the outlet valve is closed or a safety backflow valve is not installed. 7) The pump inlet diameter is small or the pipeline is long or has many turns. 8) The installation height of the centrifugal pump is higher than the suction height. 9) Anti-static belt is not used. 6 Centrifuge 1) The solvent is filtered and the nitrogen is not filled or the nitrogen pipeline is blocked or there is no flow meter on site to display the precision. 2) When it is necessary to use a centrifuge to filter the solvent in the drying bag, no oxygen meter and alarm device are installed 3) Quick brake or use auxiliary tools (such as iron rods, etc.) to brake 4) The centrifuge is not effectively grounded 5) Anti-static belts are not used in the explosion-proof area 6) Abnormal vibrations occur when the centrifuge is running 7 Double cone 1) There is no protective fence and safety interlocking device 2 ) Personnel climbs into the double cone to replace the vacuum bag 3) The transmission belt is unprotected 4) The shaft seal leaks 5) The vacuum pipeline is blocked or the vacuum valve is not opened during use 8 Gas cylinders 1) The gas cylinder is not equipped with a bottle cap or anti-shock ring 2) When hydrogen cylinders are transported and stored in summer, there are no sunshade measures, resulting in exposure to the sun 3) Some gas cylinders are over 10 years old Inspection period 4) When acetylene cylinders and oxygen cylinders are used at the same time, the safe distance does not exceed five meters. 5) Use gloves with catalysts to close the valve of the hydrogen cylinder. 6) Knock the cylinder against the collision. 7) After the cylinder is used, the air pressure is less than 0.05Mpa. 8) The cylinder set, pipeline connection and valve are damaged. 9) When the hydrogen cylinder is used, anti-static is not used. The device may be broken 10) There are no measures to prevent the gas cylinder from falling over 11) There are trenches and secret passages in the storage place 12) The storage place is not ventilated or poorly ventilated or corrosive gases have entered 13) There is a lack of fire extinguishing equipment 14) The acetylene cylinder is used upside down 15) The color of the gas cylinder is unclear [2] Electrical instruments 1 in the explosion-proof area Non-explosion-proof electrical appliances or non-explosion-proof control cabinets are installed. 2 The window glass of the power distribution room is broken. 3 There are many debris in the power distribution room. 4 There are steam water, material pipes, dust and corrosive substances in the power distribution room, which causes the electrical equipment in the power cabinet to age and cause short circuit accidents. 5. There is acid mist corrosion or solvent infiltration or excessive dust outside the transformer. 6 Control There are clothes and other debris behind the cabinet or substation cabinet. 7 The power distribution cabinet is too old and is prone to short circuits. 8 The cable is close to high-temperature pipes. 9 Material pipes and sewage pipes around overhead cables leak, causing corrosive materials to flow into the cable bridge. 10 Buried cables are corroded by groundwater. 11 Sewage in cable wells and trenches seriously seeps into 12 Electrical equipment. The cable tray is severely corroded 13 The cable protection sleeve is aged and broken 14 When the cables or steel pipes laying the electrical lines pass through the holes in the walls or floors between different places, non-combustible materials are not strictly blocked 15 The active exhaust is pulled indiscriminately, causing the cable joints to fall off and leakage 16 The switch button corresponds to the equipment number Unclear markings 17 There are messy and unknown cables in the workshop 18 The emergency lighting is not installed or broken 19 The open-air motor has no protective cover 20 The illumination at the operation site is not enough 21 The equipment is not matched with the electrical equipment (Xiao Niu tows the cart, Lao Niu tows the cart), causing thermal damage and fire to the electrical equipment 22 Electrical equipment and cable bridges Flush 23 Explosion-proof sight glass lamps and lighting ingots have loose screws and light leakage [3] Static electricity 1 In flammable and explosive places, reactors, pipes, storage tanks, condensers, transfer pumps, flanges, valves are not grounded or poorly grounded 2 In flammable and explosive places, the powder feeding hopper is not grounded, and nitrogen filling 3 exceeds the safe flow rate (v2