What level of petroleum desulfurization is considered acceptable?
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What is the sulfur content of the incoming oil? What is the sulfur content after desulfurization? If it is to be treated separately as organic sulfur and inorganic sulfur, please provide the amounts before and after for each. Thank you all for sharing your insights. It would be best to explain in a systematic way how to handle losses, from the point of extraction all the way to the final product (qualified gasoline, diesel, etc.).
Probably because crude oil is frequently subjected to vacuum distillation, and naphtha is fed into the reforming unit to remove hydrogen sulfide； It often enters the diesel hydrogenation process at the first or second stage, and part of it is converted into hydrogen sulfide as well ； The residue is usually fed into a vacuum distillation unit or partially into a catalytic unit; feeding it into the vacuum distillation unit results in the production of wax oil and alkaline residue. If there are units for residue hydrogenation and wax oil hydrocracking, etc., the procedures used in those hydrogenation units can be referred to, and hydrogen sulfide will be produced as a by-product in the end ； Catalyzed residue and wax oil generate large amounts of flue gas, with sulfur dioxide in this flue gas being the main source of sulfur emissions; it is removed through flue gas desulfurization. As for the sulfur in dry gas and liquefied gas, hydrogen sulfide is removed primarily by amine scrubbing, while some mercaptans in liquefied gas can be removed through alkaline scrubbing ； Sulfur in gasoline and diesel is also removed during the refining process; S-ZORB can remove some of the sulfur, producing hydrogen sulfide in the process ； Diesel enters the hydrogenation unit, which also produces hydrogen sulfide ； After that, all the hydrogen sulfide goes into the sulfur production unit to produce sulfur as a by-product, or it can be used directly to produce sulfuric acid ； That’s the general process; some devices may have variations.
Naphtha is fed into the reformer to remove hydrogen sulfide； It often enters the diesel hydrogenation process at the first or second stage, and part of it is converted into hydrogen sulfide as well ； The residue is usually fed into a vacuum distillation unit or partially into a catalytic unit; feeding it into the vacuum distillation unit results in the production of wax oil and alkaline residue. If there are units for residue hydrogenation and wax oil hydrocracking, etc., the procedures used in those hydrogenation units can be referred to, and hydrogen sulfide will be produced as a by-product in the end ； Catalyzed residue and wax oil generate large amounts of flue gas, with sulfur dioxide in this flue gas being the main source of sulfur emissions; it is removed through flue gas desulfurization. As for the sulfur in dry gas and liquefied gas, hydrogen sulfide is removed primarily by amine scrubbing, while some mercaptans in liquefied gas can be removed through alkaline scrubbing ； Sulfur in gasoline and diesel is also removed during the refining process; S-ZORB can remove some of the sulfur, producing hydrogen sulfide in the process ； Diesel enters the hydrogenation unit, which also produces hydrogen sulfide ； After that, all the hydrogen sulfide goes into the sulfur production unit to produce sulfur as a by-product, or it can be used directly to produce sulfuric acid ； That’s the general process; some devices may have variations.
It’s mostly hydrogenation, or acid-base refining in the atmospheric and vacuum distillation units. Aromatization desulfurization is also a form of pre-hydrogenation; it includes hydroprocessing of gasoline and diesel, hydroprocessing of wax oil – in short, various types of hydrogenation processes
I mean, what level of sulfur content should be controlled in the purchased product?
It mainly depends on the processing route and product standards