One such safety training session is enough! | Management

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Lecture 1: Basic Knowledge of Work Safety. What is work safety and what is its significance? ☞ Safe production refers to the process of working in such a way that, by making efforts to improve working conditions and eliminating unsafe factors, accidents can be prevented, thereby ensuring that business operations proceed smoothly while safeguarding the safety and health of workers, as well as the safety of property and people’s lives and assets. ☞ Safety includes two aspects: 1. Personal safety. (Include the workers themselves and related personnel) 2. Equipment safety. Work on safe production: A series of activities carried out to ensure safe production. What is the policy for work safety in our country? Safety first, prevention foremost, comprehensive management. Main responsibilities of employees for safe production: 1. Comply with the regulations regarding equipment maintenance procedures ； 2. Consciously abide by safety production regulations and labor discipline ； 3. Take good care of and use machinery and tools properly, and wear protective equipment correctly ； 4. Pay attention to safety in production and submit reasonable suggestions to relevant leaders or departments ； 5. Any potential accident hazards or unsafe factors should be reported to the organization or relevant departments in a timely manner ； 6. In the event of a work-related injury, it is necessary to promptly rescue the injured, preserve the scene, inform the supervisors, and assist with the investigation ； 7. Strive to study hard*, acquire safety knowledge and skills, and become proficient in the operation procedures and safety protocols specific to one’s job ； 8. Actively participate in various safety activities, and firmly establish the concept that “safety comes first” along with a sense of self-protection ； 9. Have the right to refuse any illegal instructions and orders to engage in hazardous operations; be responsible for one’s own safety at work. Lecture 2: Basic Rights and Obligations – Your Rights in Terms of Safe Production 1. The right to receive safety training before starting work 2. The right to be informed about safety matters and the right to make suggestions 3. The right to criticize, report, and file complaints regarding safety management 4. The right to refuse orders that violate safety regulations or force one to engage in risky activities. 5. Right to stop work and evacuate in emergency situations. 6. Right to work-related injury insurance and compensation for injuries or deaths. Your obligations regarding safe production: ☞ Abide by rules and regulations and follow management instructions; ☞ Wear and use personal protective equipment properly; ☞ Participate in training to acquire skills for safe production; ☞ Report potential accident hazards promptly. Lecture 3: Basic Safety Knowledge. Basic knowledge: 1. The “three essentials” of safe production: safety helmets, safety belts, and safety nets. 2. The principle of “no harm to oneself, no harm to others, and protection from harm by others”: do not harm yourself, do not harm others, avoid being harmed by others, and protect others from being harmed. 3. Three types of violations: working in violation of regulations, giving orders that violate regulations, and breaking labor discipline. 4. The goal of “three zeros”: no individual violations, no potential hazards at the work post, and no accidents within the team. 5. Three levels of safety education: new employees must undergo safety education at the project department level, the work team level, and the team level, and pass relevant tests before they can start working. 6. The principle of “simultaneous design, construction, and operation”: safety and health facilities must be designed, constructed, and put into use simultaneously with the main construction works. 7. The “Four Nos” principle for handling work safety accidents: That is, do not move on until the causes of the accident have been identified; do not move on until those responsible for the accident have been properly dealt with; do not move on until all employees have received appropriate education; and do not move on until preventive measures have been implemented. 8. In production, it is necessary to adhere to the \"five simultaneities\": that is, while planning, arranging, inspecting, summarizing, and evaluating production, safety work must also be planned, arranged, inspected, summarized, and evaluated simultaneously. Six Disciplines for Safe Production: 1. When entering the work site, it is necessary to wear a safety helmet properly, fasten its strap, and use personal protective equipment correctly. 2. When working at heights of more than two meters, if there are no safety facilities in place, it is necessary to wear a safety belt and fasten the safety latch. 3. When working at heights, it is prohibited to throw materials, tools, and other items downward carelessly. 4. All types of electric mechanical equipment must have a reliable safety grounding and lightning protection system before they can be operated. 5. Persons who are not familiar with electrical and mechanical equipment must not use or manipulate such equipment. 6. Unauthorized personnel are strictly prohibited from entering the lifting area, and no one is allowed to stand under the pole. Ten Prohibitions for Safe Production: 1. It is forbidden to enter the construction site without wearing a safety helmet. 2. Work at heights is not permitted without installing safety nets or wearing safety belts. 3. Working in high heels, slippers, or barefoot is not allowed. 4. Drinking is prohibited during working hours, and working is not allowed after drinking. 5. Materials used for work at heights must not be thrown down carelessly. 6. The power switch must not be used for multiple purposes. 7. Mechanical equipment must not be operated when faulty. 8. Mechanical equipment shall not be used if its safety protection devices are incomplete. 9. Lifting operations must not be carried out without a supervisor present, and lifting is not permitted if the lifting point cannot be seen clearly. 10. Smoking is prohibited in fire prevention zones. Proper Use of Protective Equipment, Lecture 4: Understanding Safety Signs. The safety colors specified in our country are colors used to convey safety messages such as prohibitions, warnings, instructions, and reminders. Its purpose is to enable people to quickly identify and distinguish safety signs, thereby drawing their attention to safety and preventing accidents. China’s safety color standards stipulate that four colors—red, yellow, blue, and green—are to be used as safety colors. It is also stipulated that safety colors must remain within a certain color range; they must not fade, change color, or become contaminated, so as to prevent confusion with other colors and any misidentification. Definition of safety colors☞ Red: It is very eye-catching and induces excitement and stimulation in people. Red light has longer wavelengths, making it less likely to be scattered by dust or fog, so it can be easily recognized from a distance. In other words, red has a high level of visibility and is also easy to spot. So it is used to indicate danger, prohibition, and stop. Used for prohibition signs. Emergency stop levers or buttons on machinery, as well as areas that must not be touched, are usually colored red; this color is sometimes also used to indicate fire protection. ☞Blue: Blue lacks both prominence and visibility, but it works well when used in combination with white, especially under sunlight. Therefore, it is selected as the color containing the instruction flag, which must be followed. ☞Yellow: The stripes formed with black are the most recognizable colors; they draw people’s attention particularly well, which is why they are chosen as a warning color, conveying the meaning of warning and caution. Such as hazardous machinery and warning lines within the factory, center lines on traffic lanes, safety helmets, etc. ☞Green: Although its visibility and recognizability are somewhat excessive, green symbolizes freshness, youthfulness, and vitality. It also has psychological effects associated with peace, eternity, growth, and safety. Therefore, green is used to convey safety messages; it indicates that a state of safety prevails or that passage is permitted. In the workshop, safety passages, signs indicating pedestrian and vehicle traffic, as well as the locations of fire-fighting equipment and other safety devices are all marked in green. Important tips on safety signs: Safety signs are composed of safety colors, geometric shapes, and graphic symbols. They are divided into four categories: prohibition signs, warning signs, instruction signs, and guidance signs. Lecture 5: Major Hazards and Countermeasures
Landslides and slope failures – Main countermeasures: ☞ Adjust the slope ratio of excavated slopes in a timely manner based on soil conditions, making the slope ratio gentler to achieve stability; repair the slopes promptly. ☞ Monitor the slopes regularly and take care of them constantly. ☞ Do not stay in hazardous areas. ☞ Be aware of signs of slope collapse. ☞ Always wear safety helmets and use electricity safely. Main countermeasures: ☞ Non-electricians are strictly prohibited from handling electrical equipment. ☞ Before using any electrical appliances, check for leaks and ensure proper grounding. ☞ All electrical appliances must be connected to leakage protectors, which must be sensitive and reliable. ☞ Use high-quality cables; the use of insulated cables is strictly prohibited. ☞ It is forbidden to tie cables with conductive materials such as wire. ☞ All electrical switches should indicate their purpose and the person responsible for them. ☞ Learn first aid techniques for electric shock injuries.
Vehicle-related injuries – Main countermeasures: ☞ Since the construction site is located near the county town and national highways, traffic safety is particularly important. ☞ Follow traffic rules. ☞ Ensure that vehicle safety equipment is in good condition and that all lights are functional. ☞ When walking in groups, walk in columns rather than in a line. ☞ Commuter vehicles must not carry both passengers and goods, must not be overloaded, and must not travel at excessive speeds.
Mechanical injuries – Main countermeasures: ☞ Operate machinery strictly in accordance with operating procedures; carry out regular maintenance and pre-task inspections. ☞ Ensure that all protective devices are in good condition, especially the outer guards around the generator’s transmission parts and the control switches on cutting machines. ☞ When operating equipment with rotating parts, it is forbidden to wear gloves or overly loose clothing. ☞ Do not stay within the digging radius of excavators. ☞ It is strictly forbidden to use backhoes or loaders to transport people.
Lifting injuries – Main countermeasures: ☞ All lifting equipment must pass inspection before use, and all necessary permits must be in order. ☞Lifting equipment must undergo a special inspection before use, and may only be used after passing the inspection. ☞Crane operators and crane supervisors must undergo specialized training and hold valid certificates before taking up their duties. ☞Wire ropes and slings should be inspected at the end of each shift, and the crane should only be started after ensuring safety ☞ No one is allowed to stay under the lifted load ☞ The crane operator must obey any stop signal given by someone else ☞ It is strictly prohibited to mix people and goods in the lift cage; objects falling from such a cage can cause injuries. Main preventive measures: ☞ It is forbidden to carry out operations simultaneously above and below, unless reliable protective measures are in place ☞ Safety helmets must be worn with their straps fastened when entering the work area ☞ Debris on scaffolds must be removed promptly; all tools and equipment must be transported in bags, and throwing them is strictly prohibited, unless there are reliable safety measures in place. Fall from height: Any work carried out at a height of 2 meters or more above the reference level where a fall is possible is considered work at height. This is divided into Category 1 work at height: 2–5 meters ； Level 2, 5-15M ； Level 3, 15-30M ； Level 4, over 30M. Main countermeasures: ☞1. First, safety protection facilities should be put in place, such as installing safety fences, laying stepping stones, and hanging safety nets. ☞2. In cases where such facilities are not available, safety belts should be worn, and they should be fastened in a way that they are positioned high but used at a lower level. ☞3. The physical condition must meet the requirements; persons suffering from conditions such as hypertension, hypoglycemia, or epilepsy are strictly prohibited from working at heights. Key measures for dealing with fires: ☞ Open-flame operations are strictly prohibited; if such operations are necessary, approval must be obtained from the Construction Management Department and the Safety Production Department, and a dedicated person must be assigned to supervise the work. The fire must be extinguished immediately after the operation is completed. ☞ Welding and gas cutting operations must not be carried out on the same vertical surface. Oxygen cylinders and acetylene cylinders must be stored in accordance with regulations, away from direct sunlight, with at least 5 meters between them and at least 10 meters away from any open flames. ☞ If there are flammable or explosive materials below during welding or cutting operations, reliable protective measures must be taken, and a dedicated person must be assigned to oversee safety. ☞ In the event of a fire, it must be extinguished immediately, and the Safety Production Department and the Construction Management Department must be alerted. ☞ It is important to learn skills for escaping from fires. How to ensure safety when working at heights: (1) Protective equipment must be worn as required. Such as wearing soft-soled shoes, a safety helmet, and a seat belt ； The safety belt should be worn high and low; it is not allowed to work while wearing leather shoes or shoes with hard plastic soles. (2) Ladders without anti-slip features or damaged rungs are prohibited for climbing. The top end of the ladder should be secured or attended by a person to hold it. (3) The scaffolding used for climbing must meet the regulations. Before use, check for any signs of fractures; ensure that the support is firmly stable, and tie the two ladders together with ropes. (4) Check whether the scaffold is sturdy, solid, and balanced. A bottom fence should be installed on each layer, and the upper and lower scaffolding should have proper handrails to ensure safety. (5) A safety net must be installed below areas where work is carried out at heights. For construction work without external scaffolding protection, a fixed safety net must be installed at a height of 4–6 meters; another fixed safety net should be placed every 12 meters (equivalent to four floors), in addition to a safety net that moves upward along with the walls. (6) Before working or walking on ceilings and light roofs, planks must be laid on them, or safety nets must be fully installed beneath them. (7) When working at heights in cold regions during winter, take precautions to avoid slipping on ice; it is prohibited to spill water on walkways or scaffolds. (8) When working at heights and there is lightning strike, or when dark clouds indicate an impending thunderstorm, workers on the scaffolding must leave immediately. Lecture 6: First Aid Knowledge – First Aid for Accidental Injuries. 1. When faced with an accidental injury, do not panic; stay calm and maintain order at the scene. 2. Under conditions where the surrounding environment is not life-threatening, it is generally not advisable to move the injured person casually. 3. Do not give the injured or sick person any drinks or food for now. 4. In the event of an accident and no one is present at the scene, shout for help loudly to those around, ask them to come to assist, or try to contact the relevant authorities; do not leave the injured person unattended. 5. Immediately report to the relevant authorities the location of the accident, the number of injured and sick people, their conditions, and the measures taken for their treatment. 6. Classify patients for emergency treatment according to the severity of their injuries, prioritizing those with more serious conditions first, followed by those with less severe ones; those in more urgent situations first, and then those with less urgent cases; and those who are closer first, followed by those who are further away. 7. For injured or sick persons suffering from suffocation or difficulty breathing, perform artificial resuscitation promptly. 8. For those with stable injuries, transfer them promptly to the nearest hospital. 9. On-site rescue efforts must be under unified leadership; no one is allowed to act independently. First aid for electric shock: The most important thing in providing first aid for electric shock is to act quickly. Quickly and correctly disconnect the electrocuted person from the power source, and provide prompt and proper first aid. Gaining time is gaining life. The main first-aid methods used at the scene of an electric shock emergency are artificial respiration and chest compressions. When performing artificial respiration, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is the most effective method. Pinch the electrocution victim’s nostrils shut. Take a deep breath, then place your mouth tightly over the victim’s mouth and blow air into it for about 2 seconds. After blowing, immediately withdraw your mouth from the victim’s mouth and release the nostrils, allowing the victim to exhale on their own for about 3 seconds. This process should be repeated approximately 12 times per minute. In external chest compression, the rescuer kneels on one side of the person who has been electrocuted or sits kneeling on either side of their waist. The hands are placed one on top of the other, with the heels of the palms positioned above the victim’s sternum. The heels are then pressed downward with force to force the blood out of the heart; after pressing, the hands are quickly released, allowing the chest to return to its normal position and the blood to fill the heart again. This process is repeated at a rate of 60 times per minute. Once breathing and heartbeats have stopped, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and chest compressions must be carried out simultaneously. If only one person is available to perform the rescue, these two methods can be used alternately: give 2–3 breaths followed by 10–15 compressions. Resuscitation must be continued without interruption; it must not be terminated rashly, nor should it be stopped during transportation. First aid for heatstroke: Heatstroke is an acute disease caused by high temperatures and exposure to sunlight. After suffering from heatstroke, symptoms such as dizziness, headache, general weakness, thirst, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting may occur; in severe cases, a person may suddenly lose consciousness. Heat stroke can be further divided into prodromal heat stroke, mild heat stroke, and severe heat stroke. The first aid measures for heatstroke are: to immediately remove the affected person from the hot environment, take them to a cool and well-ventilated place to rest, loosen their clothing, have them lie down flat, and encourage them to drink plenty of salty beverages. For those with pre-sunstroke, no special treatment is necessary; they can return to normal on their own. Patients with severe heatstroke should be taken to the hospital immediately for emergency treatment. First aid for crush injuries: 1. Immediately remove the injured person, being careful not to cause further injury; move gently, accurately, and quickly, and avoid pulling forcefully. If the victim is completely buried, the head should be exposed as soon as possible; dirt, sand, and blood clots from the mouth and nose should be removed, and clothing straps should be loosened to facilitate breathing. 2. Lay the injured person down flat with their head turned to one side to prevent vomit from blocking breathing. 3. When the wound is bleeding, use a bandage to stop the bleeding and rinse the wound with clean water; then wrap it with a clean towel to prevent infection. 4. When there is a fracture, it should be fixed with a splint or a substitute. 5. For those with stopped breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. 6. For those with a stopped heartbeat, perform chest compressions. 7. Transport the injured gently to avoid jolting and twisting. Transfuse blood and administer fluids as early as possible when conditions permit. First aid for falls from height: 1. Remove items from the victim’s body and any hard objects from their pockets. 2. During lifting and transfer, the neck and torso must not be bent forward or twisted; instead, the spine should remain straight. Lifting by lifting one shoulder and one leg at a time is strictly prohibited to avoid causing or worsening paraplegia. 3. The wound area should be properly bandaged, but in patients with suspected base of skull fractures or cerebrospinal fluid leakage, packing should be avoided to prevent intracranial infection. 4. For patients with facial and jaw injuries, it is first necessary to keep the airway unobstructed and loosen the buttons on the patient’s neck and chest. 5. For multiple injuries, the patient should be placed in a supine or prone position to keep the airway unobstructed, and the collar buttons should be undone. 6. Peripheral vascular injury, with compression of the arterial trunk above the injured area down to the bone. Placing a thick dressing directly on the wound and applying pressure with a bandage to prevent bleeding and avoid affecting blood circulation in the limb is often effective. 7. Transport to the hospital for treatment quickly and smoothly. First aid in fire situations: When arriving at a new location, one should first get familiar with the surroundings and know where the safety exits and fire-fighting equipment are located. Do not panic when a fire breaks out; call the police while simultaneously attempting to extinguish the fire and saving yourself. In the case of an initial fire, identify the source of the fire and then use the fire extinguishing equipment at hand or a wet blanket to put out the fire ； If the fire is too intense or the point of ignition is not inside one’s own house, and if the door is hot, it means that the outside is in flames; under no circumstances should one open the door rashly, nor should one rush to jump out of the building. In an emergency, one can tear sheets, clothes, etc. into strips and tie them together before slipping down through the window, or wet the walls and doors with water to prevent the fire from spreading. The bathroom is the best place to survive. Do not waste time packing luggage and valuables. One cannot walk upright in thick smoke. After a fire breaks out with thick smoke, one should crawl on the ground to avoid inhaling smoke and suffering from poisoning. If there is fire on the ground, wear shoes. If your clothes catch fire, never run; instead, quickly remove your clothes or lie down on the ground and roll to extinguish the flames. For first aid in cases of drowning, if there are ropes, wooden planks, or other objects that do not sink easily available, they can be thrown to the drowning person to help pull them onto shore ； Those with good swimming skills can quickly go around to the back of the drowning person, grab their hair or squeeze them under the armpits, and pull them to the surface using backstroke. Once brought to the ground, lay them down flat immediately, untie their clothing, and remove any mud, sand, or debris from their mouth and nose to ensure an unobstructed airway. It is also important to control water levels in a timely manner. The rescuer kneels on one leg, placing the drowning person’s head downward with the stomach against their own knee, in order to allow the water in the lungs and stomach to be drained ； Alternatively, the drowning person can be carried on the shoulders, with the abdomen placed on the rescuer’s shoulder tip; by walking quickly while expelling water, this method can also serve to provide artificial respiration to some extent. The water restriction period should not be too long; especially when the effect of water restriction is not noticeable, other emergency measures should be taken promptly. For example, perform artificial respiration while simultaneously carrying out chest compressions, with the two actions being carried out in coordination (that is, give one breath per 4–5 compressions), and it is best for two people to work together in this regard. If the drowning person has their teeth clenched, the method of artificial respiration can be changed from mouth-to-mouth to mouth-to-nose; however, regardless of the method used, it must be continued consistently. Since a considerable number of drowning victims are in a state of \"apparent death\" at this time, there is still a good chance of saving them. The above rescue efforts should be carried out on-site to avoid delays caused by transporting the person to the hospital, and medical professionals should be contacted as soon as possible. During resuscitation, doctors will use cardiac stimulants and respiratory stimulants as appropriate, which are often very helpful in promptly correcting respiratory and circulatory failure.