The support method involves installing support frames outside the pipeline, and using tools and seals to plug the leaky area; this is what is referred to as the support method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in larger pipes; it is used when it is not possible to fix something to the pipe itself. 2. Pressure-sealing method: The method of fixing a screw on the pipeline to directly or indirectly block the leakage points in the equipment and pipelines is called the pressure-sealing method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks such as sand holes and small punctures in medium and low pressure pipelines. 3. Clamp method: A method of sealing a leak by using a clamp to hold the gasket in place at the location of the leakage is called the clamp method. 4. The gland method is a technique for sealing leaks by using bolts to press the gasket and gland tightly against the inner or outer surface of a hole; this method is known as the gland method. This method is suitable for plugging leaks in low-pressure pipelines that are easy to operate. 5. Packing method: The method of enclosing the leak site with a metal-sealed chamber, filling it with sealing material or using a gasket at the connection point, is known as the packing method. 6. Covering method: The method of covering a leak with a metal cover to seal it is called the covering method. 7. Expansion method: A method in which the leak-sealing tool enters the pipeline along with the fluid and expands automatically at the location of the internal leak to seal it off; this is known as the expansion method. This method is more complex and comes equipped with an automatic control mechanism, intended for use in underground pipelines or in situations where it is difficult to seal leaks from the outside. 8. A method in which a hydraulically operated clamp is used to squeeze the area where there is a leak, causing it to deform and become tighter, or pressing the seal against the leak site in order to stop the leakage, is known as the clamping method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks at threaded connections, pipe fittings, and other parts of pipelines. It is a method that directly fixes itself inside the leaky hole using simple techniques such as crushing and blocking, thereby stopping the leakage. This method is actually a simple mechanical sealing technique, which is particularly suitable for sealing defects such as sand holes and small pores. 1. Crimping method: The method of sealing a leak by pressing the metal surrounding the leak site with a punch is called the crimping method. This method is applicable to alloy steel, carbon steel, and carbon steel welds. It is not suitable for hard and brittle materials such as cast iron and alloy steel welds, as well as components with severely corroded and thin walls. 2. Wedge sealing method: The method of stopping leaks by driving a conical or flat wedge made of materials with high toughness, such as metal, wood, or plastic, into the leaking hole is called the wedge sealing method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in areas with low pressure. 3. Plug method: This is a method of stopping leaks by drilling and tapping holes in the leaking areas, and then tightening plugs and gaskets to seal them. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in areas of this product that are thick and have large pores. The welding repair method is a way to seal the leak site directly or indirectly. This method is suitable for pipes with good weldability and high medium temperatures. It is not suitable for flammable and explosive environments. 1. Direct welding method: The method of filling and welding the leak site directly with a welding rod to repair the leak is called the direct welding method. This method is mainly suitable for plugging leaks in low-pressure pipelines. 2. Interwelding method: A method in which the weld does not directly play a role in sealing leaks, but only serves to fix the gland and seals; this is known as the interwelding method. The intermittent welding method is suitable for sealing leaks in areas with high pressure, large leakage surfaces, strong corrosion, thin walls, and low rigidity. 3. Welding-sealing method: A method of sealing the leaky area inside a metal cavity to fix the leak, known as the welding-sealing method. This method is mainly suitable for sealing leaks at flanges, threads, as well as on valves and pipes. 4. Welding cover method: A metal cover is used to cover the leaking area, and welding is employed to secure it in place in order to stop the leak. Suitable for leak-sealing areas with larger defects. If necessary, a drainage device can be installed on the cover. 5. Reverse welding method: This technique makes use of the principle of weld contraction by sealing leaky cracks section by section in a reverse order, thereby preventing leakage and facilitating the formation of sound welds. It is also known as reverse welding or segmented reverse welding. This method is suitable for plugging leaks in low and medium pressure pipelines. A method of directly or indirectly sealing leaks in pipes using adhesive. This method is suitable for areas where welding is not feasible and where leaks are difficult to seal using other methods. The temperature and pressure required for using adhesives to seal leaks are related to factors such as their performance, the filler used, and the method of fixation; generally, they have poor heat resistance. 1. Adhesive sealing method: The method of directly filling the leak site with an adhesive or applying it to the threads for bonding in order to seal the leak is called the adhesive method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in pipes under low pressure or in a vacuum. 2. Adhesive method: The method of sealing leaks by pressing films, strips, and thin flexible sheets coated with adhesive onto the leaking area is called the adhesive method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in vacuum pipes and areas with very low pressure. 3. Adhesive pressing method: A sealing method that uses pushing and pressing techniques to block leakage points with parts, sheets, nails, wedges, and adhesive, or to remove the tools used for pressing after the adhesive has cured. This method is suitable for various clogged areas, but its application range is limited by temperature and curing time. 4. Wrapping method: The method of applying adhesive to the leak site and the wrapping tape to seal the leak is called the wrapping method. This method can be reinforced with steel strips or wire. It is suitable for sealing leaks in pipes, especially in areas with loose tissue or severe corrosion. A method of using sealant (in a broad sense) to plug the leak and create a new sealing layer. This method has limited effectiveness but a wide range of applications; it can be used to seal leaks inside and outside pipes, and is suitable for high-pressure, high-temperature environments as well as locations where materials are flammable or explosive. 1. Penetration method: This is a method in which a diluted sealant is mixed into the medium or applied to the surface, and then, using the pressure of the medium or external pressure, it is forced to penetrate into the area where there is a leak, thereby achieving the purpose of stopping the leakage. This method is known as the penetration method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks inside areas such as sand holes, loose tissue, inclusions, and cracks. 2. Internal coating method: The sealing mechanism is moved inside the tube, and it can automatically inject sealant at the leakage site; this is known as the internal coating method. This method is complex and suitable for locations such as underground and underwater pipelines, where it is difficult to seal leaks from the outside. Since it is applied internally, the effect is good, and no fixtures are required. 3. External application method: The method of using anaerobic sealant or liquid sealant to be applied externally to gaps, threads, and holes in order to seal them and prevent leaks is called the external application method. It can also be secured using nuts, glass fiber cloth, etc., and is suitable for sealing leaks in applications with low pressure or in vacuum pipes. 4. Forced injection method: This is a method in which a sealing chamber is pre-made at the leakage site, or the leakage site itself already has such a chamber; the sealing compound is then forced into this chamber, where it quickly solidifies to form a new filler that seals off the leakage. This method is suitable for areas with high pressure and temperature, as well as those that are flammable and explosive, where it is difficult to seal leaks. The bypass method involves using a pipe joining machine to press-fit a new section of pipeline under pressure onto a pipe or equipment, in order to replace the old pipeline that is leaking, severely corroded, or blocked. This method is known as the bypass method. This method is often used for low-pressure pipelines. 1. Magnetic pressure method: This is a method that uses the magnetic force of magnets to compress sealant, adhesive, or gaskets placed at the leak site in order to stop the leakage; it is known as the magnetic pressure method. This method is suitable for sealing leaks in areas such as sand holes, inclusions, and loose structures that have a flat surface and low pressure. 2. Freezing method: The method of lowering the temperature at the leakage site appropriately, causing the medium inside and outside that area to freeze into a solid state and thereby blocking the leak, is called the freezing method. This method is applicable to aqueous solutions under low pressure as well as oil media. 3. Solidification method: This is a method that involves using certain substances inserted into pipes, or utilizing the medium itself; once it leaks out from the leak site, it solidifies upon contact with air or certain substances, thereby sealing off the leak. This method is known as the solidification method. After certain heat transfer media leak, the crystals or solids that form can act as a seal to stop the leakage, and this also falls under the category of solidification methods. This method is suitable for leaks in low-pressure media. Better results can be achieved by properly constructing a sealed chamber to collect the leaking medium. (IX) Comprehensive leak repair method: By combining the various methods mentioned above, and taking into account factors such as operating conditions, processing capacity, and on-site circumstances, two or more of these leak sealing methods are reasonably combined – this is known as the comprehensive leak repair method. For example: first insert wedges, then bond, and finally secure mechanically ; First, weld the fixing frame, then use sealant, and finally apply mechanical pressure, etc.