Typical precision forging techniques

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Hot precision forging refers to the precision forging process that is carried out at temperatures above the recrystallization temperature. Due to the high deformation temperature, the material exhibits low deformation resistance and good plasticity during forging, making it easy to shape parts with complex geometries. 2. Cold precision forging process: The cold precision forging process is a precision forging technique that involves forging at room temperature. Due to forming at room temperature, dimensional errors caused by thermal expansion and contraction are avoided; as a result, the shape and dimensions of the workpieces obtained through cold fine forging are easier to control. Moreover, the surface of the forgings does not suffer from oxidation or burning, resulting in high surface quality. Therefore, the forging precision of both hot fine forging and warm fine forging is lower than that of cold fine forging. 3. Warm forging process: Warm forging is a precision forging technique in which metal is heated to a temperature below its recrystallization temperature for forging. It combines the advantages of hot forging and cold forging while avoiding their drawbacks, effectively reducing the load on the equipment and dies, improving the plasticity and fluidity of the metal, and eliminating the need for forging annealing. 4. Composite precision forging process: This is a forging technique that combines cold, warm, and hot forging processes to forge a single workpiece. It takes advantage of the strengths of each of these forging methods while avoiding their weaknesses. Parts manufactured using the composite precision forging process exhibit improved mechanical properties, dimensional accuracy, and surface quality compared to those produced using single forging techniques. The commonly used composite precision forging processes at present mainly include warm forging–cold finishing, hot forging–cold forging, warm extrusion–cold spinning, warm-hot precision forging–cold extrusion, hot precision forging–cold spinning, etc.